Английский язык. Агабек (855602), страница 15
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What is the official name of Great Britain?2. Where is it situated?Wordsto be s i t u a t e d — быть расположеннымB r i t i s h I s l e s — Британские островаto occupy — заниматьsurface — поверхностьto v a r y — менятьсяh i g h — высокийplain — равнинаv a s t — огромныйl a k e — озероm o u n t a i n o u s — гористыйs h i p b u i l d i n g — кораблестроение1223.
What parts does it c o n s i s t of?4. What is the territory and the population of GreatBritain?5. What city is the capital of Great Britain?6. What is the surface of the country?7. Are there any big rivers and lakes in Great Britain?8. What is the climate on the British Isles?9. Is Great B r i t a i n a h i g h l y developed i n d u s t r i a lcountry?10. W h a t goods does the British industry produce?1 1 . Are there any big educational establishments inGreat Britain?12. Is Great Britain a constitutional monarchy?123Английский язык13. What is the name of the Queen of Great Britain?14. How many chambers does the British Parliamentconsist of? What are they?1 5 .
W h a t are the main political p a r t i e s in GreatBritain?УРОК 1 1Ч>Ц,ГрамматикаСОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН В ГЛАВНОМИ ПРИДАТОЧНОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯХВ английском сложноподчиненном предложении спридаточным дополнительным (вопросы что?, кто?,чего? и т. д.) соблюдаются правила согласования времен в главном и придаточном предложениях. Эти правила сводятся к следующему:1. Если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения стоит в настоящем или будущем времени, то глаголсказуемое придаточного дополнительного предложенияможет стоять в любой временной форме, требуемой посмыслу, например:Не s a y s y o u a r e right.
— Он говорит, что ты прав.Не will tell us why he w a s not at school yesterday. —Он скажет нам, почему он не был в школе вчера.2. Если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени (обычно — в Past Indefinite ), то и глагол дополнительного придаточного предл о ж е н и я д о л ж е н стоять в одном из прошедших времен, в том числе — в будущем с точки зрения прошедшего (Future in the Past).He s a i d he w o u l d n o t go to s c h o o l t o m o r r o w . — Онсказал, что не пойдет в школу завтра.При этом для обозначения действия, одновременного с действием, выраженным сказуемым главного125Английский языкУрок Itпредложения, употребляется Past Continuous (в русском языке — настоящее время) или Past Indefinite.Не t o l d me he w a s p r e p a r i n g for h i s e x a m . — Онсказал мне, что готовится к экзамену.Для обозначения действия, предшествующего действию, выраженному сказуемым главного предложения, обычно употребляется Past Perfect. На русскийязык глагол-сказуемое придаточного в данном случаепереводится глаголом в прошедшем времени:I didn't k n o w he had left for M o s c o w .
— Я не знал,что он уехал в Москву.При у к а з а н и и определенного времени (in 1 9 8 0 ,yesterday) предшествующее время выражается припомощи Past Indefinite. Например: I t h o u g h t y o u w e r eborn in 1 9 8 0 .Для выражения будущего времени с точки зренияпрошедшего времени употребляется форма Future inthe Past где вспомогательный глагол will меняется наы>оиМ,'которая на русский язык переводится будущимвременем:Не told me that he would meet me at the college. —Он сказал мне, что встретит меня в колледже.Задание 11.2. Поставьте глаголы в н у ж н у ю временн у ю форму, с о б л ю д а я п р а в и л о с о г л а с о в а н и я времен.Переведите предложения.1. I did not know that y o u already (to read) t h i s book2. He did it better than we (to expect).
3. He said t h a tthe bus (to be) here soon. 4. He told us that he (to do)t h i s work himself 5. They decided that they (to bring)us all the books we need. 6. He said that he (can) not doit without my help. 7. I decided that n e x t year I (to go)to t h e Black Sea coast. 8. It was decided t h a t we (tobegin) our work at eight o'clock. 9 . 1 told them that I (toleave) for Minsk n e x t day. 1 0 . The boy did not know thathe already (to receive) a good mark.
1 1 . The s t u d e n t swanted to know when they (to pass) their examinations.1 2 . We saw t h a t our teacher just (to go out) and he (tocome back) soon. 1 3 . He said we (may) keep the books aslong as we (to like). 14. We knew that he not (to be able)to make his work in time and (to decide) to help him.1 5 . We understood at once that t h i s control work (to be)a difficult one.Задание 11.3. П р о ч и т а й т е и переведите текст:LONDONЗадание 11.1. Составьте п р е д л о ж е н и я , и с п о л ь з у яслова из колонок.НеHeHeHe126thinkssaid thatsaysthoughthe would go to Moscow tomorrow.he will be an engineer.he knows mathematics well.he would be a good specialist.He has translated the t e x t .he had passed his exams.he knew English well.London is the c a p i t a l of Great Britain, i t s political,economic and commercial c e n t r e .
It is one of the largestcities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Itspopulation is about 8 million.London is situated on the river Thames. The city isvery old. It has more than 20 centuries old history. Traditionally it is divided into several parts, the City, Westminster, the W e s t End and the East. End. They are verydifferent from each other.The City is the oldest part of London, i t s financialand business centre.
N u m e r o u s banks, offices and firms127Урок 11Английский языкare concentrated here. Few people live in the City butover a million come to work here. There are two placesof interest in the City: St. Paul's Cathedral and the Towerof London. S t . Paul's Cathedral was built in the 17thcentury by the architect Christopher Wren. The Towerof London was built in the 15th century.
It was used as afortress, a p a l a c e and a prison. Now it's a museum.Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London. There are Buckingham Palace where the Queen livesand the Houses of Parliament along the north bank ofthe Thames.The clock t o w e r of the Houses of Parliament is famousfor its big hour bell known as «Big Ben». WestminsterAbbey is the place where the coronation of nearly allkings and queens has taken place. Many of them are buriedhere as well as some other famous people of the country.The West End is the richest and most beautiful partof London. The best h o t e l s , restaurants, shops, clubs,parks and houses are situated there.
There-are manytourists there from different countries of the world.Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London, it was named in the m e m o r y of Admiral N e l s o n ' svictory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1 8 0 5 . The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the square.The East End is an industrial district of London. Thereare many factories there. The region is d e n s e l y populated by working class families.f o r t r e s s — крепостьc a t h e d r a l — соборh o t e l — гостиницаp r i s o n — тюрьмаc l o c k t o w e r — колокольняm e m o r y — памятьr e s i d e n c e — резиденцияofficial — официальныйd e n s e l y — плотноp o p u l a t e d — населеноQuestions1.
What is the capital of Great Britain?2. Is London a big city?3. What is London's population?4. On what river does London stand?5. Into what parts is London divided?6. W h y is t h e City called t h e b u s i n e s s c e n t r e ofLondon?7. What places of interest does W e s t m i n s t e r include?8. Who was buried in Westminster Abbey?9. What is the West End famous for?1 0 .
Why is the central square in London named Trafalgar Square?1 1 . W h o lives in the East End?СловообразованиеН а и б о л е е употребительные с у ф ф и к с ыи префиксы существительныхWordsc a p i t a l — столицаc e n t r e — центрn u m e r o u s — многочисленныйp a l a c e — дворец128С у ф ф и к с ы существительных:-er/or — teacher, writer, actor, doctor-ist — scientist, artist5. Зак.
832129Английский язык-ment — movement, development, government-ess — fortress, hostess, actress-ian — musician, technician, politician-ance — distance, importance, appearance-(t)ion — revolution, translation, operation-ity/-ty — popularity; honesty, morality, ability-hood — childhood, neighbourhood-y — energy, assembly-ship — friendship, leadership-age — passage, marriage-ism — heroism, socialism, capitalism-ant — assistant, cousultant-ence — conference, silence, difference-ure — culture, picture, agriculture-ing — building, reading, meeting-dom — freedom, kingdom, wisdom-sion/ssion — revision, session, discussion,-ness — happiness, illness, darkness(-s)ure — pleasure, treasure, measureП р е ф и к с ы существительных:re — reconstruction,со — cooperation, coexistencedis — disadvantage, discomfort, distastein — inaccuracy, independancemis — misunderstanding, misprinting, misinformationim — impossibility, impatienceun — unemployment, unconcern, unrealityil — illegality, illiteracy.Н а и б о л е е употребительныес у ф ф и к с ы и п р е ф и к с ы глаголовСуффиксы глаголов:en — deepen, lighten, strengthen;130Урок 11fy — classify, electrify, specifyize — organize, characterize, mechanizea t e — indicate, activate, translateП р е ф и к с ы глаголов:со — cooperate, coexist, collaboratede — decode, decompose, demobilized i s — disbelieve, disapprove, disapearin — input, inlay, incut, indrawim — immigrate, impart, implant;i n t e r — interact, interchange, interdependir — irradiate, irrigate, irritateo v e r — overcome, overheat, overhear, overlookre — readjust, rebuild, reconstruct, re writem i s — misprint, misunderstand, miscount.«.Наиболее употребительныесуффиксы и префиксы прилагательныхСуффиксы прилагательных:-ful — careful, beautiful, useful, powerful-ant — distant, important, resistant-ous — famous, dangerous, various-ed — talented, developed, interested-ing — interesting, disappointing-al — natural, cultural, territorial-ent — dependent, transparent, different-ish — Spanish, British, boyish, Irish-ible — possible, terrible, visible, convertible-able — comfortable, miserable-ic — atomic, historic, poetic, heroic-y — rainy, busy, sunny, windy, dirty-less — hopeless, lifeless, useless, homeless-ary — ordinary, revolutionary, necessaryАнглийский язык-ive — inventive, effective, impressive, detective-ian — Russian, Canadian, RomanianП р е ф и к с ы прилагательных:un — unhappy, unable, uncomfortablein — independent, indirect, invisibledis — disappointing, discouraging, disconnectngim — impossible, imperfect, immoral, immaterialn o n — non-ferrous, non-governmentalir — irregular, irresponsible, irrationalp o s t — post-war, post-operationali n t e r — interdependent, interchangeable, internationalil — illegal, illiberal, illimitable.Задание 11.4.
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