Английский язык. Агабек (855602), страница 25
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International football matches take place at Wembley.Rugby is also very popular, but it is played mainly byamateurs. N e x t to football, the chief spectator sport inBritish life is horse-racing. A lot of people are interested in the races and risk money on the horse which theythink will win..
The Derby is perhaps the most famoussingle sporting event in the whole world.Britain is also famous for motor-car racing, dog-racing, boat-racing, and even races for donkeys. The famous206boat-race between the teams of Oxford and Cambridgeattracts large crowds of people.A great number of people play and watch tennis. Tennis tournaments at Wimbledon are known all over theworld. The innumerable tennis courts of Britain are occupied by people between t h e ages of 16 and 60 whoshow every degree of skill — from practically helpless tothe extremely able.The British also like to play golf, baseball, hockey,grass-hockey.
Various forms of athletics, such as running, swimming, boxing are also popular. You can sometimes hear that there are no winter sports in England.Of course t h e English weather is not always cold enoughto ski, skate, or toboggan, but winter is a good season forhunting and fishing.WordsW e m b l e y — стадион Уэмбли в Лондонеt h e Derby — ДербиW i m b l e d o n — Уимблдонcricket — крикетunfair — нечестный, несправедливыйto a t t r a c t a t t e n t i o n — привлекать вниманиеcrowd — толпаto support — поддерживать, болетьfootball g r o u n d — футбольное полеfan — болельщикa m a t e u r — любительскийrugby football — регбиnext to football — на следующем месте после футболеchief — главный, основнойs p e c t a t o r s p o r t — зрелищный вид спортаr a c i n g — бега (конские, собачьи и пр.)207Приложение 1Английский языкboat-race — гребные гонкиt o u r n a m e n t — турнирi n n u m e r a b l e — бесчисленныйdegree — степень, уровеньskill — умениеh e l p l e s s — беспомощныйe x t r e m e l y — чрезвычайноable — умелый-to t o b o g g a n — кататься на санях, санкахQuestions1.
Are the British fond of watching sport games?2. What kind of sport is especially associated withBritain?3. What is cricket for an Englishman?4. What is the most popular game in the world?5. Where do the Cup finals take place?6. Is rugby played by professionals?7. What kinds of racing are popular in Britain?MY FAVOURITE WRITERArthur Conan DoyleI love reading English classical literature. But I amespecially fond of English detective and adventure stories. I like A g a t h a Christie's books but my favouriteauthor is Arthur Conan Doyle. I like him because hisfiction is very realistic and helps me develop me thinkingand knowledge.Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Scotland in the family of Irish.
He was a doctor. In 1 8 8 2 he moved fromScotland to England to set up a practice. H i s medicalknowledge was a great help to him in his detective stories.Conan Doyle was one of the first writers who startedthe fashion of detective story. Today the fashion goes onwith the stories of other writers.Conan Doyle created his famous character, SherlockHolmes, in 1 8 8 5 . S i x years later, when Conan Doyle wrotesome stories about this detective, the name of SherlockHolmes became the name that everybody knew. SherlockHolmes first appeared in a book called «Study in Scarlet* («Этюд в багровых тонах»).
«The Adventures ofSherlock Holmes* made him famous all over the world.Conan Doyle was a famous writer. He became popularbecause of his love for people.Wordsc l a s s i c a l l i t e r a t u r e — классическая литература208209Приложение 1Английский языкe s p e c i a l l y — особенноd e t e c t i v e s t o r y — детективный рассказa d v e n t u r e s t o r y — приключенческий рассказto m o v e — переезжатьIrish — ирландецto s e t up — основатьf a s h i o n — модаto go on — продолжатьсяto c r e a t e — создаватьc h a r a c t e r — персонажto a p p e a r — появлятьсяH i s father died when Sam w a s twelve years old, andthe boy had to work to support the family.
All his lifeTwain liked to read. He spent all his free time in librariesand read t h e w o r k s of s u c h f a m o u s a u t h o r s asShakespeare, Dickens, Servantes, Voltaire and others.Later he became a pilot of a steamship on the Mississippi.There he learned much about men. H i s реп-nanie —Mark Twain — comes from that period of his life.
Itmeans «mark two*. Much later he became a journalist,and then a famous writer known all over the world.There is much humour in most of Mark Twain's works.But there is also social criticism and satire.Questions1.2.3.4.5.6.Where was Arthur Conan Doyle born?What did he go to England for?What helped him in writing detective stories?What fashion did he start?W h o were Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson?W h y are detective stories so popular today?Mark TwainI like to read very much. Best of all I like to readdetective stories, historical novels and books about adventures. That's why I prefer books by Fenimore Cooper,Jack London, Agatha Christie and others.
My favouritewriter is Mark Twain. He was the founder of the realistic American novel of the present day. Mark Twain wrotesuch famous novels as «The Adventures of Tom Sawyer*,«The A d v e n t u r e s of Huckleberry Finn*, «The Princeand the Pauper* and many others. He was also a greatshort story writer.Wordsfounder — основательn o v e l — романpilot — лоцманs t e a m s h i p — пароходl e a r n e d — узналp e n - n a m e — псевдонимto m e a n — означатьm a r k — отметкаQuestions1.
What books by M. Twain have you read?2. Did you like these books?3. What was Mark Twain's real name?4. W h y did y o u like Mark Twain's the books?5. What other English writers do you know?Mark Twain's real name was Samuel Clemens. He wasborn in 1 8 3 5 in a small village on the Mississippi River.210211Приложение 1Английский языкWordsEDUCATION IN RUSSIAPeople in our country have the right for education.It is our Constitutional right. But it is not only a right,it is a duty, too.
Every boy and every girl in Russiamust go to school, that is, they must get a full secondaryeducation. So, when they are 6 or 7 years old they beginto go to school. There are thousands of schools in Russia.There are schools of general education, where t h e pupilss t u d y R u s s i a n (or a n a t i v e l a n g u a g e ) , L i t e r a t u r e ,Mathematics, History, Biology, Music, Arts, ForeignLanguages.
There is also a number of specialised schools,where the pupils get deep knowledge of foreign languages,or Maths, or Physics.After finishing 9 classes of secondary school youngpeople can continue their education at different kindsof vocational or technical schools or colleges. They notonly learn general subjects, but receive a speciality there.Having finished a secondary school, a technical schoolor a college young people can start working, or they mayenter an Institute or a University. Professional trainingmakes it easier to get higher education. A s . f o r highschools, there are a lot of them in our country. Some ofthem train teachers, others — doctors, engineers, architects, actors and so on. Many institutes have eveningand extra-mural departments.
That gives the studentsan opportunity to study at an institute without leavingtheir jobs.212right — правоduty — обязанностьsecondary — зд. среднееdeep — глубокийvocational school — профтехучилищеgeneral — общийto receive — получатьtraining — обучениеhigher — высшееextra-mural — заочныйopportunity — возможностьQuestions1. Is education in our country free?2. Is education in Russia right or duty?3. What kind of schools are there in Russia?4. What are the possible ways to continue educationafter the finishing of the secondary school?5. What are the main types of educational institutionsin our country?6.
What are the types of higher education institutionsin Russia?213Английский языкTHE SYSTEM OF EDUCATIONIN GREAT BRITAINThe system of education in any country is aimed atdeveloping a personality for the good of the individualand society as a whole.Pre-school education in England begins at the age of3 or 4.
Around half of the children at this age attendn u r s e r y s c h o o l s or p l a y g r o u p s m o s t l y o r g a n i s e d byp a r e n t s . Children of t h i s age need care as well aseducation. That's why kids play a lot, learn to listenattentively and to behave.Compulsory primary education begins at the age offive in England, Wales and Scotland and at four in Northern Ireland. Children start their school career in aninfant school.
Lessons start at 9 a. m. and are over at4 p. m. They are taught «3 R's»: Reading, wRiting,aRithtnetic. Pupils have a lot of fun at school, drawing,reading, dancing or singing.When they are 7 pupils move to a junior school, whichlasts four years till they are 1 1 . They study a lot ofsubjects: English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography along with Technology, Music, Art and PhysicaleducationMost of children (over 90 per cent) go to state schoolswhere education is free. Only a small proportion of themattend private (Public) or independent schools.
Parentshave to pay for the education at these schools. The feesare high and only some families can afford it. So suchschools are for the representatives of the high class of214Приложение IEngland. The most notable Public schools are Eton, Harrow, Winchester, Rugby.Secondary education begins at 1 1 . The majority ofsecondary schools are Comprehensive schools where boysand girls study together. Besides, parents can take theirsons and daughters to Grammar schools or SecondaryModern schools.Grammar schools provide an academic course from 11to 18. They prepare pupils for colleges and universities.Many children of working class families go to Modernschools.
They give a very limited education. Pupils getinstruction in woodwork, metalwork, sewing, shorthand,typing and cooking. After finishing such a school a pupil becomes an unskilled worker.The Comprehensive Schools have their own «Gramт а г school* classes and *Modern classes*Every pupil has to choose a set of subjects to learn. Ifhe takes up Art he will study English Literature, Music,Art, Drama and foreign languages. If he is good at exactand natural sciences, he will learn Science: Mathemati c s , Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Economicsand Technical Drawing.The British government encourages careers educationin the country.
That's why secondary schools try to breakdown the barriers between education and business. Theyset up close links with firms to allow their s t u d e n t s totake part in business activities.At around 16 years old teenagers take some exams andcoursework to get General Certificate of Education. Thosewho choose to stay on at school usually study for twofurther years to pass A level (Advanced level) exams.These exams will give them a chance to enter theuniversity.215Английский языкПриложение 1Wordsto be a i m e d to — преследовать цельрге-school — дошкольноеto a t t e n d — посещатьc o m p u l s o r y — обязательныйprimary e d u c a t i o n — начальное образованиеinfant school, n u r s e r y s c h o o l — подготовительнаяшкола; детский садjunior s c h o o l — начальная школаs c i e n c e — естествознаниеsecondary e d u c a t i o n — среднее образованиеlimited — ограниченныйs e w i n g — шитьеs h o r t h a n d — стенографияu n s k i l l e d — неквалифицированныйto e n c o u r a g e — поощрятьlink — связьQuestions1.
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