market_leader_3e_-_intermediate_-_course_book (851943), страница 49
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lUl l a bad effect on something that makes itweaker or less successful2 physical harm caused to somethingdamage2 v. [T] 1 to cause physical harm to something2 to have a bad effect on something in a way that makes itweaker or less successfu ldebt n . 1 [ C ) money that one person, organisation, country, etc.owes to another2168[U] the state of owing money3 [U] capital borrowed by a business o r governmentorganisation on which it pays interestdecline1 v.
[I] l lf an industry or country declines, it becomesless profitable, p roductive, wealthy, etc.2 If sales, profits, p roduction, etc. decline, they becomeless.decline:z n. [C, U) l when sales, p rofits, production, etc. becomeless2 when an industry or cou ntry becomes less profita ble,productive, wealthy, etc.deficit n.
[C] 1 an amount of money that a business has lost in aparticular period of time2 an amount by which the money that a government spendsis more than it receives in tax in a particular periodtrade deficit the amount by which the money going out of acou ntry to pay for imports is more than the amount comingin from exportsdelivery n.
(plural deliveries) [C, U) the act or process ofbringing goods, letters, etc. to a particular place or persondemand n. [U] 1 the amount of spending on goods and servicesby companies and people in a particular economy2 the total amount of a type of goods or services thatpeople or companies buy in a particular period of time3 the total amount of a type of goods or services thatpeople or companies would buy if they were availabledeposit n. [C] an amount of money paid into a bank account orheld in a bank account, especially when it is earning interestderegulate v. [I, T] to remove or red uce the number ofgovernment controls on a particular business activity, doneto make companies work more effectively and to increasecompetitionderegulation n.
[U]derivative n. [C, usually plural] someth ing such as an option( the right to buy or sell something at a particular pricewithin a particular period) or a future ( a fixed price thatyou pay now for delivery of someth ing in the future) basedon underlying assets such as shares, bonds and cu rrencies==despatch (also dispatch) v. [T] to send something or someoneto a placedifferentiate v. [T] When a company differentiates its products,it shows how they are different from each other and fromcom peting products, for example in its advertising.
This isdone to show buyers the advantages of one product overanother.dispose of something phr. v. [T] to get rid of something that isno longer needed or wanteddiversify v. (past tense and past participle diversified) [I] If acompany or economy diversifies, it increases the range ofgoods or services it produces.diversification n. [C, U)dividend n. [C] a part of the profits of a company for a particularperiod of time that is paid to shareholders for each sharethat they owndownmarket adv. 1 go/move downmarket to start buying orselling cheaper goods or services ( downscale ArnE)2 take something downmarket to change a p roduct or aservice, or people's ideas about it, so that it is cheaper orseems cheaper and more popular ( downscale ArnE)==GLOSSARYdownturn n.
[C, U] the part of the economic cycle when prices orthe va lue of stocks, shares, etc. falldump v. [T] to sell products cheaply in an export market,perhaps in order to increase your share of the ma rket theredumping n. [U]durable adj. If so meth ing is durable, it lasts a long time, even ifit is used a lot.durability n. [ U ]earnings n . [plural] 1 t h e money that a person receives for thework they do in a particular period of time2 the total amount that people receive for the work they doin a particular industry or economy in a pa rticular period oftime3 the profit that a com pany makes in a particular periodof time, or the total p rofits that companies make in apa rticu lar industry or economy in a particular period of timeemerging adj.
[only before a noun] Emerging nations/countries/economies are countries, especially those inAsia, Africa and South America, that are just starting tohave influence or power in trade, fina nce, etc.endorse v. [T] If a well-known person endorses a product, theysay in an advertisement how good they think it is. Peoplewill buy the prod uct beca use they like or trust the person.endorsement n. [C, U]entrepreneur n.
[C] someone who starts a company, arrangesbusiness deals and ta kes risks in order to make a profitequity n. 1 [ U ] the capital that a com pany has from sharesrather than from loans2 equities [plural] trading in companies' shares on a stockma rket, rather than trading on other types of marketethical adj. 1 connected with principles of what is right and wrong2 morally good or correctethically adv.etiquette n. [ U ] the formal rules for polite behaviourexceed v. [T] to be more than a particular number or amountexchangeS n. [C, U] when you accept one thing in return foranothertinformation exchange [ U ] when information is passedbetween people or orga nisations, by means of com puterequipmentexchangez v. [T] to give someone something and receivesomething in returnexpand v.
[I, T] 1 to become larger in size, amount or num ber, orto make something larger in size, amount or number2 If an economy, industry or busi ness activity expands, itgets bigger or more successful.expansion n. [U] 1 when something increases or is increased insize, amount or number2 when an economy becomes more successful, and there isincreased economic activity, more jobs, etc.expense n. 1 (C, U] an amount of money that a business ororganisation has to spend on someth ing2 expenses [p lural] money that an em ployee spends wh iledoing their job on things such as travel and food, and whichtheir em ployer then pays back to themexpertise n.
[U] specia l skills or knowledge in an area of workor studyfacility n. (plural facilities) 1 facilities [plural] special buildingsor equipment that have been provided for a pa rticular use,such as sports activities, shopping or travelling2 [C) a place or large building that is used to make orprovide a particular prod uct or service ( plant)3 [C] an arrangement made by a bank for its customers whichlets them use the services the bank offers. These serviceswould include, for example, borrowing or investing money.=fake1 adj. made to look like something valuable or genuine (real) in order to deceive people=fake2 n.
[C] a copy of an origi nal d ocument, valuable object, etc.that is intended to d eceive people into believing it is thereal document, object, etc.fake3 v. (T] informal to make an exact copy of something, orinvent figures o r results, in order to deceive peoplefalP v. (past tense fell; past participle fallen) [ I ] to go down to alower price, level, amount, etc.fallz n.
[C] a red uction in the a mount, level, price, etc. ofsometh ingfare n. [C] the price paid to travel by plane, train, etc.faulty adj. If a machine, system, etc. is faulty, there is somethingwrong with it that prevents it from working correctly.flexible adj. 1 A perso n, plan, etc. that is flexible can change orbe changed easily to suit any new situation.2 If arrangements for work are flexible, employers can askworkers to do different jobs, work part-time rather than fu lltime, give them contracts for short periods of time, etc.flexibility n.
[ U ]flyer n. [ C ] a small sheet of p a p e r that is used t o advertisesometh ing. Flyers are usually handed out in the street ordelivered to peo ple's houses (see also frequent flyer)focus group n. [C] a gro u p of co nsumers brought together bya company to help it do ma rket research. The consumersare asked to d iscuss their feelings and o pinions aboutprod ucts, advertisements, companies, etc.forecastS n. [C] a d escription of what is likely to happen in thefuture, based on the information that you have nowforecastz v.
(past tense and past participle forecast orforecasted) [T] to make a statement saying what is likely tohappen in the futu re, based o n information that is availablenowfraud n. [C, U] a method of illegally getti ng money from aperson or organisation, often using clever and complicatedmethodsfrequent flyer n. [C] someone who flies with a particular airlinea lot and is often offered special advantages, such as freeflights or a better seatfutures n. [plural] buying and selling futures contracts (= acontract for a fixed amount of a commod ity or security tobe delivered at a fixed price on a fixed date in the future;futures are trad ed on financial markets)generate v. [T] 1 to prod uce energy or power2 to do something that will produce or increase sales,income, profit, etc.global adj. 1 including and considering all the parts ofa situation together, rather than the ind ivid ual partsseparate ly169GLOSSARYaffecting or involving the whole worldgo global If a company or industry goes global, it startsdoing business all over the world.globally adv.23interest rate n.
[C) the percentage rate used for calculatinginterest over a particular period of time, usually one yeargrow v. (past tense grew; past participle grown) 1 [T] toincrease in amount, size or degree2 [T] If you grow a business activity, yo u make it bigger.interim adj.
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