market_leader_3e_-_intermediate_-_course_book (851943), страница 52
Текст из файла (страница 52)
[C, U] an ability to do someth ing well, especiallybecause you have learned and practised itslowdown n. [C, usually singular] when something gets slowerbank statement a statement sent regularly by a bank to acustomer, showing the money that has gone into and out ofthei r account over a particular period of ti mestock n. [C, U] 1 especially ArnE one of the shares into whichownership of a company is divided, or these sharesconsidered together2 stocks a supply of a commodity ( oil, meta l, fa rmproduct, etc.) that has been prod uced and is kept to beused when needed3 especially arE a supply of raw materials or parts beforethey are used in prod uction, or a supply of fi nished goods( inventory ArnE)4 a supply of goods, kept for sale by a shop or other retailer==strategic adj.
done as part of a plan to gain an advantage orachieve a particular purposestrategically adv.strategy n. (plural strategies) 1 [C] a plan or series of plans forachieving an aim, especially success in business or the bestway for an organisation to develop in the future2 [U] the process of skilfu l planning in generalstrengthen V. 1 [I, T] If a currency strengthens, or someth ingstrengthens it, the currency increases in value.2 [T] to improve the financial situation of a country,company, etc.stunt n.
[C] something that is done to attract people's attentionto a prod uct or companysubsidiary n. (plural subsidiaries) [C] a company that is at leasthalf-owned by another companysubsidise (also subsidize ArnE) II. [T] If a government ororganisation subsidises a company, activity, etc., it payspart of the cost.subsidised adj. [only before a noun]subsidy n. (plural subsidies) [C] money that is paid by agovernment or organisation to make something such as aparticular food or product cheaper to buy, use or producespecification n. [C, usually plural] a detailed description of howsomething should be designed or madesupplier n. [C] a company that provides a particular type of productsponsors v.
[T] to give money to pay for a television program me,a sports or arts event, training, etc. in exchange foradvertising or to get p ublic attentionsupplyl v. (past tense and past participle supplied) [T] 1 toprovide goods or services to customers, especially regu larlyand over a long period of time2 to give someone something they want or needsponsorz n.
[C] a person or company that pays for a televisionprogramme, a sports or arts event, training, etc. inexchange for advertising or to get public attentionsupplyZ n. (plural supplies) [C] an amount of something that isavailable to be sold, bought, used, etc.stake n. [C, usua lly singular] money risked or invested in abusinesssupply chain (also distribution chain, chain of distribution)the series of organisations that are involved in passingproducts from manufacturers to the publicstandard n. [C, U] a leve l of q uality, skill, abi lity or achievementby which someone or something is judged, and that isconsidered good enough to be acceptablestandard of living n. (plural standards of living) [C, usuallysingu lar] the amount of wealth or comfort that a person,group or country hasstatement n. [C] 1 something you say or write publicly orofficially to let people know your intentions or opinions, orto record factsmission statement a short written statement made byan organization, intended to communicate its aims tocustomers, employees, shareholders, etc.2 a list showing amou nts of money paid, received, owi ng,etc.
and their tota l1 74surplus n. [C, U] an amount of something that is more thanwhat is wanted, needed or usedtrade surplus (also balance of trade surplus) [C, U] a surplusrelated to imports and exports, rather than other paymentssustain v. [T] to manage to make something continue to existover a long period of timesustained adj.survey n.
[C] a set of q uestions given to a group of people tofind out about their opinions or behaviourmarket survey a study of the state of a particular market,showing competitors' sales, buyers' intentions, etc.take on phr.v. (past tense took on; past participle taken on) [T] 1take somebody on to start to employ someoneGLOSSARYtake something on: to agree to do some work or to beresponsible for something2take over phr. v. (past tense took over; past participle takenover) [T] to ta ke control of a co mpany by buying more than50% of its sharestakeover n. [C]target' n. [C] 1 an o rganisation, industry, government, etc. thatis deliberately chosen to have something done to it2 a result such as a total, an amount o r a time which youaim to achieve3 target customer/group/area, etc.
a lim ited group ofpeople or area that a plan, idea, etc. is aimed attarget2 v. [T] 1 to aim prod ucts, programmes of work, etc. at aparticular area or group of people2 to choose someone o r something for a particular type oftreatmenttargeted adj. [only before a noun]tariff n. [C, usually plural] a tax on goods coming into a countryor goi ng out of itteaser n. [C] an advertisement intended to get people'sattention for advertisements that will come later orprod ucts that will be available latertip n. [C] 1 a piece of advice about what is likely to happen, forexample about which shares are likely to go up or down in value2 a small amount of additional money that you give tosomeone such as a waiter in order to thank them for theirservicestrack record n.
[C, usually singular] all the things that a personor orga nisation has d one in the past, which shows howgood they are at doing their job, dealing with problems, etc.transaction n. [C] 1 a payment, or the process of making one2 a business dealtrend n. [C] the general way in which a particular situation ischanging or developingtrial n. 1 [C] a legal process in which a court of law examines acase to decide whether someone is guilty of a crime2 [C, usua lly plural] a process of testing a prod uct to seewhether it is safe, effective, etc.trial v.
[T], trialling n. [ U ]turnaround (also turnround BrE) n. [ C , usually singular] 1 thetime between receiving an order for goods, dealing with itand sending the goods to the customer2 a complete change from a bad situation to a good one3 a complete change in someone's opinion or ideasturnover n. [singular] 1 BrE the amount of busi ness done ina particular period, measured by the amount of moneyobtained from customers for goods o r services that havebeen sold2 the rate at which workers leave an o rganisation and arereplaced by others3 the rate at which goods are soldtycoon n.
[C] someone who is successfu l in business andindustry and has a lot of mo ney and powerunfair adj. 1 not right o r fair2 not giving a fair opportunity to everyoneunique selling point (USP) n. [C] a feature of a prod uct that noother sim ila r p roducts have, used in advertising, etc. to tryto persuade people to buy itupgradeS v. [I, T] 1 to make a computer, machine, program, etc.better and able to do more things2 to get a better seat on a plane, a better rented car, etc.than the one you paid forupgrade2 n.
[C] 1 the act of im proving a prod uct or service, orone that has been i m proved2 an occasion when someone is given a better seat on aplane, or a better rented car, than the one they paid fo rupmarket' (also upscale ArnE) adj. involving goods and servicesthat are expensive and perhaps of good quality comparedto other goods, etc. of the same type, or the people thatbuy themupmarket2 (also upscale ArnE) adv. 1 go/move upmarket/upscale to start buying or selling more expensive goods orservices2 take something upmarket/upscale to change a productor a service, or people's ideas about it, so that it is or seemsto be more expensive and of better qualityupturn n.
[C] an increase or improvement in the level ofsomethingvacancy n. (plural vacancies) [C] a job that is available forsomeone to start doingvalue n. 1 [C, U ] the amount of m oney something is wo rthgood/excellent, etc. value (for money) If something isgood/excellent, etc. value, it is of good quality, consideringits price or you get a large amount for the price.2 values [plural] the principles and practices that a businessor orga nisation thinks a re im portant and which it tries tofollowvoice mail (also voicemail) n. [ U ] an electronic system on yourtele phone that lets you leave messages fo r people whophone you when you are not available, and lets them leavemessages for youvolatile adj.
A volatile ma rket, situatio n, etc. changes qu icklyand sudden ly, fo r exam ple rising and fa lling without muchwarn ing.volatility n. [ U]volume n. [C, U] 1 the amount of space that a su bsta nce orobject contains o r fills2 the total amount of somethingwage n. [C] (also wages) m oney that someone earns accordingto the number of hours, days o r weeks that they work,especially money that is paid each weekminimum wage [singular] the lowest amount of money thatcan lega lly be paid per hour to a workerwarehouse n.
[C] a large building used for storing goods inlarge qua ntitieswealth n. [U] a large amount of mo ney or valuable possessionswealthy adj.withdraw v. (past tense withdrew; past participle withdrawn) [T]1 to ta ke money out of a ban k account2 If a co mpany withdraws a prod uct o r service, it stopsmaking it available, either for a period of time orpermanently.workforce n.
[singu lar] all the people who work in a particularcountry, industry or factory175Pearson Education LimitedThe Financial TimesEdinburgh Gate, Harlow, EssexCM20 2JE, EnglandExtract on page 24 adapted from 'Mercedes star twinkles once more',The Financial Times, 4 March 2008 (Milne, R.), copyright © The FinancialTimes 2008; Extract on page 46 adapted from 'Honda skydivers pushlimits of TV adverts', The Financial Times, 30 May 2008 (EdgeeliffeJohnson, A.), copyright © The Financial Times 2008; Extract on page 137adapted from 'Women take the driving seat', The Financial Times, 29April 2008 (Maitland, A.), copyright © The Financial Times 2008; Extracton page 106 adapted from 'Father of the feel-good factor', FinancialTimes, 2 March 2008 (Wiggins, J.), copyright © The Financial Times 2008.In some instances we have been unable to trace the owners of copyrightmaterial, and we would appreciate any information that would enableus to do so.and Associated Companies throughout the world.www.pearsonlongman.com© Pearson Education Limited 2010The right of David Cotton, David Falvey and Simon Kent to be identifiedas authors of this Work has been asserted by them in accordance withthe Copyright, Designs and Patents Ad 1988.All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise withoutthe prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permittingrestricted copying in the United Kingdom issues by the CopyrightIllustrationsLicensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1 P 9HE.Nick Baker for page 49 and page 68First published 2000Third edition 2010ISBN : 978-1-408-23695-6Set in MetaPlus 9.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
