market_leader_3e_-_intermediate_-_course_book (851943), страница 48
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[e] 1 an amount of money that is given to someone asa result of an official decision or judgement2 something such as a prize or an amount of money givento a person or company to reward them for something theyhave doneapplication n. [C] 1 a formal, usually written, request forsomething or for permission to do something2 a formal request for work3 a practical use for something4 a piece of software for a particular use or jobaward2 v. [T] 1 to officially decide that someone shouldhave something, such as an amount of money2 to officially give a prize or an amount of money toa person or company, to reward them for what theyhave doneapply v. 1 [I) 10 make a formal, usually written, request forsomething, espeCially a job, a place at u n iversity orpermission to do something2 [T] to use something, such as a law or an idea, in aparticular situation, activity or process3 [I, T] to have an effect on someone or something; toconcern a person, group or situationbackground n .
1 [CI someone's pasl, for example theireducation, qualifications, and the jobs they have had2 [e. UI the situation or past events that explain whysomething happens in the way that it does [+ toJappoint v. [T] to choose someone for a job or positionappointment n. 1 [C] an arrangement to meet someone at aparticular time and place166bankrupt adj.
not having enough money to pay your debtsbankruptcy n. (plural bankruptcies) [C, U) when someoneis judged to be unable to pay their debts by a court oflaw, and their assets are shared among the people andbusinesses that they owe money toGLOSSARYbanner ad n. [C] an advertisement that appears across the topof a page on the Internetbanner advertising n. [ U ]buzzword n. [C] a word or phrase from one specia l area ofknowledge that people suddenly think is important and usea lotbarrier t o trade n.
(plural barriers t o trade) [ C ] somethingthat makes trade between two cou ntries more difficult orexpensive, for exam ple a tax on im ports ( trade barrier)cancel v. (cancelled, cancelling BrE; canceled, canceling ArnE)[T] to a rrange that a planned activity or event will not nowhappenbid n.
[C] an offer to buy something, for exam ple a com pany in atakeover; the price offeredcancellation n. [C, U ] a d ecision o r statement that a plannedactivity will not ha ppen o r that an agreement will be endedbill' n. [C] 1 a list showing how m uch you have to pay forservices or goods received (= invoice)2 BrE a list showing how m uch you have to pay for food youhave eaten in a restaurant (= check AmE)carrier n. [C] a person or company whose job is to transportgoods from o ne place to another=bill2 v.
[T] to send a bill to someone saying how much they owe( invoice)=billboard n. [C] a large sign used for advertising ( hoardingBrE):=:board n. [C] (also board of directors) the group of people whohave been e lected to manage a company by those holdingshares in the companyboardroom n. [C] the place in a com pany where its board ofdirectors meetsbonus n. [C] an extra amount of money added to an employee'swages, usually as a reward fo r doing difficult work or fordoing their work wellbooking n. [C] an arrangement in which a place on a plane, in ahotel, restaurant, etc. is kept for a customer who will arrivelate r (= reservation)boost v.
[T] to increase someth ing such as production, sales o rpricesbottom line n. [C] informal 1 the figure showing a company'stotal profit or loss2 the end result of someth ing or the most important pointabout somethingbranch n. [C] an individual bank, shop, office, etc. that is part ofa large o rganisationbranch manager n. [C] someone in charge of a particular branchof a ba nk, shop in a chain of shops, etc.branch office n. [C] a local office of a co mpany, usua lly in ad ifferent town or city to the company's main officebrand n.
[C] a name given to a prod uct by a com pany so that theprod uct can easily be recognised by its name or its designbrand image n. the collection of ideas and beliefs that peoplehave about a bra ndbranded adj. Branded goods or products have brand names andso can easily be recognised by their name or design.bribery n. [C] d ishonestly giving money to someone topersuade them to do so meth ing to help youbudget n. [C] a detailed plan made by an organisation or agovern ment of how m uch it will receive as income over aparticular period of time, and how m uch it will spend, whatit will spend the money on, etc.advertising budget an o rganisation's spending plan foradvertising d uring a particular period of timebureaucratic adj. involving o r havi ng a lot of complicated andunnecessary official rulescashflow (also cash flow) n.
1 [U] the amounts of moneycoming into and going out of a company, and the timing ofthese2 [C, U] profit for a particular period, defined in d ifferentways by different busi nessescharity n. (plural charities) [C] an organisation that collectsmo ney to help peo ple, for exam ple those who are sickor poo r, or to help certain types of activity, such asartistic activity (= not-for-profit organization; non-profitorganization AmE)chart n. [C] a mathematical d rawing or list, showing informationarra nged in a way that is clea r and easy to understandcheck v.
[T] to find out whether so mething is correct, true orsafecheck in phr. v. [ I , T] to go to the desk at a hotel or airport andsay that you have a rrivedChief Executive Officer (CEO) n. the manager with the mostautho rity in the normal, everyday management of acompa ny. The job of Chief Executive Officer is sometimescombined with other jobs, such as that of president.claiml n. [C] a req u est or demand for money, or the amount ofmoney asked forexpenses claim money that an employee spends on thi ngssuch as food and travel wh ile they are doing their job, whichtheir em ployer then pays back to themclaim2 v. [T] to state that something is true, even though it hasnot been provedcommission n.
1 [C, U] an amo u nt of money paid to someoneaccording to the value of goods, shares, bonds, etc. theyhave so ld2 [C] an official organ isation that ensures that the law isobeyed in a pa rticu lar activity3 [C] a temporary official o rganisation looking at problemsin a particular area and suggesting changescommitment n. 1 [C, U] a promise to do something or to behavein a particula r way2 [ U ] the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to anorganisation or activitycommodity n.
(plural commodities) [C] a prod uct that canbe sold to make a profit, especia lly one in its basic formbefore it has been used or cha nged in an industrial process.Exam ples of commod ities are farm p roducts and metals.compensation n. [U] 1 an amount paid to someone becausethey have bee n h u rt or ha rmed2 the total amount of money and other advantages thatsomeone receives as an employeeconcept n.
[C] 1 an idea for a product2 a rule o r idea saying how something should be done167GLOSSARYconflict n. [C, U] 1 a state of d isagreement between people,groups, cou ntries, etc.2 a situation in which you have to choose between two ormore different needsconsignment n. [C] a quantity of goods delivered at the same timecontract n. [C] a formal, written agreement between two ormore people or groups which says what each must do forthe other, or m ust not doconvene v. [I, T) lf a group of people convenes, or if someoneconvenes them, they come together for a formal meeting.corporate adj.
[only before a noun] relating to a company,usually a large one, or business in generalcorruption n. [U] 1 the crime of giving or receiving money, gifts,a better job, etc. in exchange for doing something dishonestor illegal2 when someone who has power or authority uses it in adishonest or i llegal way to get money or an advantagecounter n. [C] the place where you are served in a shop, bank, etc.counterfeit adj. made to look exactly like someth ing else, inorder to deceive peoplecoverage n. [U) when a subject o r event is reported ontelevision or radio, or in newspaperscredit n.
[U] an arrangement with a shop, supplier, etc. to buysomething now and pay for it latertrade credit [U] when a supplier allows a business customerto pay for goods or services after they are delivered, usually30, 60 or 90 days latercredit crunch n. [singular] when borrowing money becomes difficultbecause banks are forced to reduce the amount they lendcrew n. [C] all the people working on a ship or planeculture n. [C, U] 1 the ideas, beliefs and customs that areshared and accepted by people in a society2 the attitudes or beliefs that a re shared by a particulargroup of people or in a particular organisationcurrency n.
(plural currencies) [C, U) the system or type ofmoney used in a particular countrycustomise (also customize ArnE) v. [T, usually passive] Ifsomething is customised for a customer, it is designed,built, etc. specially for that customer, making it different toother th ings of the same kind.customs n. [ U ) l the government department responsible forcollecting the tax on goods that have been brought into thecountry and making sure that illegal goods are not importedor exported2 the place at an ai rport or port through which people andgoods arriving in a country m ust pass and where any taxowed must be paiddamage1 n.
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