market_leader_3e_-_intermediate_-_course_book (851943), страница 50
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[only before a noun] 1 intended to be used oraccepted for a short time only, until something final can bemade2 prepared after only part of a fu ll financial year has beencom pleted, often after half a yeargrowth n. [U] an increase in size, amount or degreeeconomic growth an increase in the value of goods andservices produced in a country or areaintroductory adj. [only before a noun] An introductory offer,price, etc. is a special low price that is charged for a newproduct for a limited period of time.headquarters n.
[plural] the head office or main building of anorganisationinvest v. [I, T] 1 to buy shares, bonds, property, etc. in order tomake a profit2 to save money in a high-interest bank account or to buyan insurance policy that pays bonuses3 to spend money on thi ngs that will make a business moresuccessful and p rofitablehedge fund n. [C] a fund that makes investments that areunlikely to fall in value, as well as those that go up or downin value, to red uce the risk of losing a lot of moneyhire v. [T] 1 to employ a person or an organisation for a shorttime to do a particular job for you2 to agree to give someone a permanent job3 BrE to pay money to use something for a period of time(= rent ArnE)hoarding n. [C] BrE a large sign used for advertising( billboard ArnE)=host country n.
[C] a country where a company that is basedin another cou ntry has business activitieshuman resources (H R) n. [plural] the d epa rtment in anorganisation that deals with employing, training andhelping em ployees ( personnel)=impact n. [C] the effect or influence that an event, situation,etc.
has on someone or somethingimport' n. 1 [C, usually plural] something that is made in onecountry and brought into another, usually to be sold2 [C, usually plural; U] the activity of bringing goods into acountry3 imports [plural] the amount or value of the goods broughtinto a country over a particular period of timeimport2 v.
[T] to bring something into a cou ntry from abroad,usually in order to sell itincentive n. [C] something which is used to encourage peopleto do something, especially to make them work harder,produce more or spend more moneytax incentive an offer to pay less tax, given to people whodo something that the government is trying to encourageinvestment n.
1 [C, U] when money is put into a busi ness inorder to make it more successful and profitable, or themoney that is put into a businessReturn on investment (RO O or return on capita l (ROC) is theamount of profit received on an investment in relation tothe amount of money invested.2 [C] something you buy, such as shares, bonds or property,in order to make a p rofit3 [C] an amount of money that you invest4 [U] when you buy shares, bonds, property, etc.
in order tomake a profitInvoice n. [C) a document sent by a seller to a customer withdetails of goods or services that have been provided, theirprice and the payment datejobseeker (also job seeker) n. [C] someone who is looking for ajob (= job hunter)labor union ArnE ( trade u nion BrE) n. [C] an organisationrepresenting people working in a particular industry orprofession that protects their rights=launch' v.
[ I , T] 1 to show or make a new product available forsale for the first time2 to start a new company3 to start a new activity or profession, usually afterplanning it carefullylaunch2 n. [C] 1 an occasion at which a new product is shown ormade available for sale or use for the first time2 the start of a new activity o r planinnovate v.
[ I ] to design and develop new and original productslaunder money/profits v. [T] to put money which has beenobtained illegally into legal businesses and bank accountsin order to hide where it was obtai nedlaundering n. [ U ]Innovation n. 1 [C] a new idea, method or invention2 [U] the introd uction of new ideas or methodsproduct innovation [C, U] when new or better products aredesigned and developed, or the new or better product itselflevel' n .
[ C ] 1 t h e measured amount of someth ing that exists ata particular time or in a particular place2 all the people or jobs within an organisation, industry,etc. that have similar importance and responsibilityinnovative adj. 1 An innovative product, method, process, etc.is new, different and better than those that existed before.2 using or developing new and original ideas and methodsleveP v. (levelled. levelling BrE; leveled. leveling ArnE) leveloff/out phr.v. [I] to stop increasing or growing and becomesteady or continue at a fixed levelinterest n.
[U] an amount paid by a borrower to a lender, forexample to a bank by someone borrowing money for a loanor by a bank to a depositor (= someone keeping money inan account there)level playing field n. [singular] informal a situation in whichdifferent companies, co untries, etc. can all com pete fairlywith each other because no one has special advantagesincome n. [C, U] money that you earn from your job or that youreceive from investments170liberalise (also liberalize ArnE) v.
[T] to make rules or controlson something less strictliberalisation (also liberalization ArnE) n. [ U ]GLOSSARYloan n. [C] money borrowed from a bank, financial institution,person, etc. on which interest is usually paid to the lenderuntil the loan is repaidlogo n. [C] a design or way of writing its name that a companyor o rga nisation uses as its official sign on its products,advertisi ng, etc.lose v. (past tense and past participle lost; present participlelosing) [T] 1 to stop having something any more, or to haveless of it2 to have less money than you had before or to spend moremoney than you are receivi ng3 to fall to a lower figure or pricelose out phr.
v. [I] to not get something good, when someoneelse does get itloss n. 1 [C, U] the fact of no longer having something that youused to have, or having less of itjob loss [C, U] when people lose their jobs2 [C] when a business spends more money than it receivesin a particu lar period of time, or loses money in some otherwayloyal adj.
If customers are loyal to a particular product, theycontinue to buy it and do not cha nge to other products.loyalty n. [ U ]margin n. [ C , U] t h e difference between t h e price thatsomething is sold for and the cost of producing or buying it.A margin is usua lly calcu lated as a percentage of the pricethat something is sold for.profit margin [C, U] the difference between the price of aproduct or service and the cost of prod ucing it, or betweenthe cost of prod ucing all of a company's products o rservices a n d t h e total sum they are sold formarkets n. 1 [C] the activity of buying and selling goods o rservices, o r t h e va lue of t h e goods o r services sold2 [C] a particular country, area or group of people to which acompany sells or hopes to sell its goods or services3 [singular] the number of people who want to buysometh ing4 [C] (also financial market) the buying and selling ofsh ares, bonds, commodities, etc.
; a place where thishappens. Some markets are in a particular building, wh iletrad ing on oth ers takes place on com puters and over thetelephone, with no central buildi ng.marketz v. [T] 1 to sell something or make it available for sale,especially in a particular way2 to sell something by considering what customers want o rneed when buying a prod uct or service, for exam ple howmuch they are willing to pay, where they will buy it, etc.marketing n. [U] activities to design and sell a prod uct orservice by considering buyers' wants or needs, for examplewhere and how they will buy it, how m uch they will bewilling to pay, etc.meet v. (past tense and past participle met) [I, T) 1 to gettogether with another person to discuss something2 meet a debt/cost/payment/expense to pay a debt orpayment3 meet a target/expectation/projection /standard toachieve a level that has been set or expected4 meet a demand to prod uce enough goods to satisfy thedemand for them5 meet a deadline to finish something at or before the timeit was meant to be finished6 meet a requirement/condition/obligation to succeed indoing someth ing that you h ave to domerge v.
[I, T) I f two o r more companies, o rgan isations, etc.merge, or if they are merged, they join together.merger n. [C] an occasion when two or more com panies,organisations, etc. join together to form a larger com pany,etc.model n. [C) 1 a particular type or design of a vehicle ormachine2 a sim ple description or structure that is used to helppeo ple understand similar systems or structures3 the way in which something is done by a particularcountry, person, etc. that can be copied by others who wantsimilar resultsmorale n.
[ U ] the level of confidence and positive feelingsamong a group of people who work togethermotivate v. [T] to encourage someone and make them want towo rk hardmotivated adj. very keen to do someth ing or ach ievesomethi ng, especia lly because you find it interesting o rexcitingoutlet n. [C] a shop, com pany o r organisation through whichproducts are soldoutsource v. [T) I f a company, o rganisation, etc. outsources itswork, it employs another company to do it ( subcontract)outsourcing n. [U]=overtime n. [ U ] 1 time that you spend working in you r job inadd ition to your normal working hours2 the money that you a re paid for working more hours thanusualownership n.
[U] the state of owning somethingpackaging n. [U] 1 material, boxes, etc. used for wrappinggoods to protect them, for exa m ple because they are beingtaken somewhere ( packing)2 the process of wrapping or packing goods so they areready to be sent somewhere (= packing)=panel n. [C) a gro u p of peo ple chosen to give advice or decideso methingparent company n. [C] If one com pany is the parent of another,it owns at least half the shares in the other co mpany, andhas control over it.partner n. [C] 1 a company that works with another company ina particula r activity, o r i nvests in the same activity2 someone who starts a new busi ness with someone elseby investing in it3 a member of certain types of business or professionalgroups, for exam ple partnerships of lawyers, architects, etc.4 economic partner, trade partner, trading partner acou ntry that invests in another or is invested in by anotheror that trad es with anotherpartnership n.
1 [C) a relationship between two people,organ isations or countries that work together2 [U] the situation of working together in business3 [C] a business organisation made up of a group ofaccountants, lawyers, etc. who work together, o r of a groupof investors171GLOSSARYpatent n. [C) a legal document giving a person or company theright to make or sell a new invention, product or methodof doing something and stating that no other person orcompany is allowed to do thispeaks n. [C) the time when prices, shares, etc.
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