new insights into business ocr small (835551), страница 31
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H3R-2E8.Tel: (514) 344-4181E-mail: franchise@madscience.orgi6 iCommunication ActivitiesUnit 6 Role-playUnit 12 Role-playStudent AT h e P r o d H c tio n M a n a g e rYou are a member of the small business loandepartment of a bank. You have a first meeting with abusinessperson who is interested in applying for aloan from your bank in order to set up a business.Evaluate the risks involved in the project that he / shepresents and decide whether the person has the rightprofile to succeed as an entrepreneur. This means thatyou must be convinced that he / she has:••••the right charactera serious commitment to the businessthe capacity to manage itenough collateral or security to use as a guaranteeRemember that 33% of the total project cost should becovered by a personal investment and that four out offive new businesses fail within the first three years!OpinionsYou are very much against the 35-hour week.
You areworried about meeting production deadlines. This willinvolve recruiting large numbers of part-time workerswho you will have to train. You are also worried aboutthe effect this will have on the workers’ morale.SuggestionsYou would reluctantly accept a ‘changeover’ from thecurrent situation where present workers could continueto earn overtime while they trained the new part timersto do their jobs.AttitudeYou want the workers to be happy and you will supportany reasonable suggestion to do that.Business Loan Table10 yearsInterest Rate3% p.a.5% p.a.7% p.a.10,000 euro25,000 euro50,000 euro100,000 euroAnnual repayment1,172.312,930.765,861.5311,723.05Total cost11,723.0529,307.6358,615.25117,230.51Annual repayment1,295.053,237.616,475.2312,950.46Total cost12,950.4632,376.1464,752.29129,504.57Annual repayment1,423.783,559.447,118.8814,237.75Total cost14,237.7535,594.3871,188.75142,377.5010,000 euro25,000 euro50,000 euro100,000 euroAnnual repayment672.161,680.393,360.796,721.57Total cost13,443.1433,607.8567,215.71134,431.42Annual repayment802.432,006.064,012.138,024.26Total cost16,048.5240,121.2980,242.59160,485.17Annual repayment943.932.359.824,719.659,439.29Total cost18,878.5947,196.4694,392.93188,785.8520 yearsInterest Rate3% p.a.5% p.a.7% p.a.162TapescriptTapescriptfoUnit 10(for complete tapescripts see Teacher's Book)Unit 10Business Skills Focus:PresentationsListening 2Before I start I'd just like to thankyou all, both for inviting me todeliver this talk but also, and for methis is the really important thing, foractually coming along to listen tome.
This is actually the first time thatI have addressed a group of studentslike yourselves but not the first timethat I have made a publicpresentation. Indeed being able topresent is one of the really importantskills that you need to have if youwant to be successful in my line ofbusiness: financial analysis. But it isnot the only one, as I hope I will beable to show you during this shortpresentation.I think I will begin by answering theone question that I'm sure is at theback of all your minds, 'What exactlydoes a financial analyst do?'.
OnceI've explained that, I will go on todescribe how analysts actually dotheir work and talk a little bit aboutsome of the tools of the analyst'strade, define a few of the key termsand then, to finish, I will give youmy views about what I think is thebest preparation for a career in thisfield. After that, if I have got thetiming right, we should be able to fitin a ten minute question and answersession.I suppose that the answer to thatfirst question 'what does an analystdo?' is really quite obvious becausejust as the name suggests, he or shedoes exactly that, analyses thefinancial results of companies thatare listed, on the Stock Exchange. By'listed' we mean that these arecompanies in which you and I caninvest, they are open to the publicand, of course, they are thereforealso open to the professionalinvestors and the managers ofinvestment funds.
Today mostanalysts are employed either bybanks or by brokerage firms, whichare really just companies specialisedin buying and selling different typesof financial investment. In fact we,the analysts, are really a key elementin the relationship between brokersand investment managers because itis the analysis that we produce on aparticular company that is the signalthat the professional investor can useto decide whether to make, keep orsell an investment in that company.over the last five years. Below thatwe have a bar chart which illustratesthe evolution of the company'smargins and at the bottom there is ashort summary of some of myrecommendations to investors. As Isaid before, I actually prepared thisas part of a written report but I thinkit's also a good example of the sortof information that I normallyinclude when I'm making an oralpresentation to investors.If we now move on to look at thedifferent tools that we use, I havedrawn up a short list so that you cansee what these are ...I'm going to give you an example ofthe sort of work that I produce forthe sector that I am specialised in,which is the pharmaceutical andcosmetics industry.
If you look at thetransparency, you can see some ofthe different types of analysis thatwe have to do. In this particular casethis is part of a report that I madeabout the French company L'Oreal.At the top here, we have a simpletable showing comparative figuresfor turnover and operating profitover the last three years. Then, nextto it, we have a graph where we cansee the evolution of the share price163Grammar ReferenceUNIT 1Present perfect and past simple (page 9)Present perfect(page 19)• We use the present perfect to talk about:Present simple1 the present result of something that happened at anunspecified time in the past.He's decided to look for a new job.
(he's looking now)I'm afraid I've forgotten your name. (I don'tremember it now)2 actions or situations which started in the past andcontinue in the present.How long have you worked here? (you work herenow; when did you start?)She's been away on business since last week, (she wentlast week; she's away now)I haven't seen him for several years.• We use the present simple to talk about:1 habitual actions.She usually stays at the Hilton, but it was fully booked.2 permanent situations.He works in the Personnel Department of a largemultinational company.3 things which are generally true.Metals expand when heated.• We use the present perfect + for to show theduration of an action, and the present perfect +since to show when an action began.SincePastnowI've known herfuturefor three months,since July.• We often use the present perfect with these adverbs:justeverneverlatelyso farUNIT 2Present simple and present continuousPresent continuous• We use the present continuous to talk about:1 actions happening around the time of speaking.Angela's in London at the moment.
She's staying at theHotel Intercontinental.We're expanding our operations in the Far East.2 temporary situations.I'm working in a bookshop during the summerholidays.» Some verbs are not normally used in a continuousform.I know London. (NOT I am knowing)I like my job. (NOT I am liking).Common verbs of this type include:up to now.They've ju st signed an important contract.Have you ever used this type of machine?I've never seen such a well organised office!We've had good results lately / up to now / so far.Past simple• We use the past simple to talk about actions andevents which happened in a finished period of timein the past.Pasteur made important medical discoveries, (when hewas alive)Did you go to the meeting yesterday?She worked in Paris for five years before moving toRome, (eg 1994-1999, not now)Other verbsbelongconsist of164owncontainbeincludehave (= possess)existGrammar ReferencePresent tenses with a future meaning(page 19)A d v erb s (page 38)Present simple• We use the present simple to talk about timetabledor programmed future events.The meeting starts at 3 o'clock.Our flight arrives at 6 p.m.Present continuous• We use the present continuous to talk about futurearrangements and plans.I'm attending a meeting tomorrow afternoon.We're flying to Hamburg next week.UNIT 3Make and doUNIT 4(page 30)• We use do:1 to talk about activities without mentioning exactlywhat they are.What's she doing?Are you doing anything tonight?2 to talk about work or a task.Have you done your homework yet?It was a pleasure doing business with you.3 with a determiner (eg the, some) + mg, to talk aboutactivities that are repeated or take some time.Could you do some photocopying for me please?We need a temp to do the filing.• We use make:1 to talk about creating or constructing.We made new plans for the store based on hissuggestions.The company makes photographic equipment.2 with nouns connected with talking about sounds.I'd like to make a complaint / an enquiry.Those machines make too much noise.3 with nouns connected with travel.The regional manager is making a visit next week.We had to make a long journey to find this place.• We use adverbs to give extra information aboutverbs, adjectives and other adverbs.• We usually add -ly to an adjective to form an adverb.She was definite about coming, (adj)She said she was definitely coming, (adv)He is very efficient, (adj)He works efficiently, (adv)• We add -ally to adjectives ending in -ic.There has been a dramatic drop in interest rates, (adj)Interest rates have dropped dramatically, (adv)• Some adverbs are 'irregular' and are not formed with-ly.He is a good speaker of English, (adj)He speaks English well, (adv)She is a fast typist, (adj)She types fast, (adv)He is a hard worker, (adj)He works hard, (adv)• Some adverbs ending in -ly have a differentmeaning from the adjective.He is a hard worker, (adj.
He does a lot of work.)He hardly works, (adv. He does not do much work.)• Some words ending in -ly are adjectives and notadverbs.The new manager seems very friendly, (adj)There is a lovely view from our office window, (adj)F r eq u e n c y (page 38)• We can rank expressions of frequency from always(100% of the time) to never (0% of the time).10 0 % г- nearly always- usually / normally / regularly / generally- frequently / often• There are many other expressions with make and dowhich do not follow these guidelines.
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