first insights into business ocr (835550), страница 7
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This can includeinformation about the founder or person who started the company, and keydates and events in the company history.11 M arks & S pencer is a m a jo r reta ile r selling food, clo th es a n d h o u seh o ldfu rn ish in g s. It also sells fin an c ial p ro d u cts. In U nit 1 you h ea rd a b o u t itscu sto m e r care.W hich key events from th e co m p a n y h isto ry d o you th in k each p h o to (a-e)represents? W hen do you th in k each ev e n t h ap p e n ed ?4646Company History■25.2 Listen and match each picture to an event.
Note the date foreach event.Language FocusPast sim ple: re g u la r and irre g u la r verbsI Work in pairs and discuss what you know about Ford and its history.Now read the magazine article.Ford o f BritainWhen did it all start?H enry Fo rdIn the spring of 1896 engineer Henry Ford builthis first horseless carriage. In 1903 Ford, backedby 12 local business men, formed the Ford motorcompany which later pioneered* modernproduction line techniques.When did it come to Britain?In 1911 Ford’s first assembly plant outside NorthAmerica opened at Trafford Park, Manchester,and in 1929 work started on building theDagenham plant where the first Model AA truckrolled off the line* at 1.15 p.m. on October 1,1931* to pioneer: to be the first to invent something* rolled off the line: to be manufactured2What do these numbers from the text refer to?19033192912189619311911Complete these sentences.1 In 1896 Henry Ford_____________ his first car.2 In 1903 Henry Ford_____________ the Ford Motor Company.3 Twelve local businessmen_____________ him.4 In 1911 Ford_____________ the first assembly plant in Manchester,England.5 In 1929 h e _____________ building the Dagenham plant.47u n it five4Answer these questions about the past simple tense.1 How is the regular past simple tense formed?e.g.
started, backed, opened2 Not all verbs have a regular past simple tense. Give an example of anirregular past simple tense from the text on page 47.3 Look at the tw o questions (a and b). Underline the auxiliary verband the main verb________ for each.a When did it all start?'b When did it come to Britain?4 Look at the tw o negative sentences and underline the negative auxiliary verb—ч^-ч-^-^a n d the main verb________ for each:a Ford built the first car in 1896, but he did not form the company until1903.b The first truck didn't roll off the line until 1931.Now look at the grammar reference to check your answers.►P ro n u n c ia tio nG ra m m a r Reference page 152Past simple verb endings1 There are three different pronunciations for the regular past simple tenseending -ed.
They are /t / , /d / and /id /.5.3 Listen and repeat.1 We use / t / after the sounds /р /, / t j/ , /к /, /f/, /s/ and /J/:stopped, watched, worked, puffed, missed, finished.2 We use /id /after verbs ending in /d / and A/:started, waited, ended.3 We use /d / after all other sounds:formed, rolled, opened.25.4 Listen to the sentences and repeat them.1 He formed a company.2 They started making cars.3 They stopped making Model В trucks.3Practise saying the verbs in Language Focus exercise 3 on page 47.4848■Company HistoryLanguagePractice1 Read this history of Dr.
Martens shoes. The w riter uses the present tenseto make the summary seem 'alive'.1946 aGermandoctor KlausMaertens, livingin Seeshaupt,near Munich, goesskiing and injures his foot.He makes himself a pair of shoes from oldtyres with air soles to cushion the foot.Or Maertens and a friend, Dr HerbertFunck, an engineer, patent* and developthe Doctor Maertens shoe.1959 Maertens and Funck sell the‘ manufacturing rights to R. Griggs and\ Co., a traditional British bootmaker.\ 1 April 1960 The first BritishDMs go on sale.Mid 1960s British youth adoptthe DM as a symbol of their antiestablishment* attitudes.1970s Unemployed youthwear DMs and behave violently onfootball terraces. The Police wearDMs to catch them.1971 Rebels* wear DMs in^ Stanley Kubrick's violent film AClockwork Orange.1975 Elton John wearsgiant DMs in therock-operaTommy.Mid 1970s Punk rock fansadopt them.1980s Thousands of Japanese,American and European youth come toLondon's Camden market to buy DMs.1983 Young designer Wayne Heminwayand his wife-to-be Geraldine, set up a stall inCamden market selling clothes and DMs.
Itbecomes the place to buy DMs.Griggs supplies Heminway with customised*DMs for his Red or Dead fashion shows.Some women wear them as a form ofprotest.1985 Madonna wears DMs in the filmDesperately Seeking Susan.1992 Designers such as Karl Lagerfeld andGianni Versace offer designer DMs.1993 The Pope wears them walking in theAlps and we hear the Dalai Lama likes themtoo.Today the Vatican Guard wear them.* patent: to get a legaldocument to stopothers manufacturinga product* anti-establishment:not in agreementwith government orauthority* rebel: someone whofights against authority* customised: designedfor a particular customerSource:Elton JohnThe European2Write the past simple forms of the verbs underlined above.3Which of the past simple verbs are regular and which are irregular?4949u n it five4Look at the text again and w rite four questions fo r your partner.Example:When d id Klaus Maertens injure his foot?Was it in a) 1896 b) 1920 c) 1946?Now answer your partner's questions.5 Faith Walker talks about her first pair o f Dr.
Martens (DMs). Before youlisten, w ork w ith a partner and complete the questions the interview er asks.1 When did y o u __________________ ?4 W hat c o lo u r________________ _ ?2 How m u c h _____________________?5 w h y ________________3 W h e re _________________________ ?6 Do you s till___________________ ??65.5 Listen and see if you were right, then note the answer to eachquestion.Reading1 The text is about the French company, Bic.
Can you name three o f Bic'sproducts? Now q uickly read the text to check.2W hat are the advantages o f disposable or 'throw aw ay' products?Bic’s success in a throwaway world1FEW companies can say thatthey are responsible for changingthe everyday habits of billions ofpeople throughout the world, buttheFrenchcompanyBic,founded in 1950, is one thatcan.2The ballpoint pen came first.The original biros - named afterLazio Biro, their Hungarianinventor - were expensive andd ifficult to use.
Baron MarcelBich, the owner of a small officesuppliescompany,broughttogether French and Britishscientists to refine* and modify*the design. He negotiated therights to produce and sell the penwith Biro. Production of the Bic“ Crystal" began in 1953. The"Crystal” had a clear blue plastictube and a visible ink supplywhich was sufficient to draw aBic is a householdname, synonymous witha disposable age*line three kilometres long.Sales rose from around 50,000a week in the first year to aquarter of a m illion a day by1956.
Today sales of Bic writinginstruments total more than 20m illion a day in 160 countries.4Bich was not content with aone-productbusinessandwanted to find other throwawayideas. In 1972 came thedisposable lighter. It is anothersuccess story which made Bicworld leaders in the sector, withdaily sales of disposable lightersnow numbering almost 4 m illion.3B ic’s w inning form ula was acom bination of sim p lic ity ofproduction and reliability; thecompany claims that its lighterswill work 3,00 0 times comparedwith competing brands' 1,000.5The company used healthyprofits to invest in its third majorproduct range - the throwawayrazor - in 1975. It now contestsmarket leadership with Gillette.*Bic subsequently diversifiedfurther - into windsurfing boardsand fashion - but the threeoriginal throwaway ideas remainits success stories.* synonymous with a disposable age:[Bic] represents our fast-movingworld* to refine: improve* to modify: make small changes* Gillette: major manufacturer ofrazors and toiletries.The European5050Company History Ш3 Read th e tex t an d com plete this com pany history.COMPANY HISTORY1 9501 9 5 0 -5 319531 95619721975NowVocabularyThe company was founded.Lazio Biro invented the first pen.Marcel Bich 1_______________and 2_______________ the design.Bich negotiated with Biro to 3_____________________________ .Production of the 4_______________ began.Sales of the biro rose to 5_____________________________.Bic invented 6__________________ .Bic invented 7__________________ .Bic sells 8______________ ballpoint pens per day.Bic sells 9______________ disposable lighters per day.Bic and 10______________ are leaders in the market for disposable razors.Word partners: adjectives and nouns1 Match the adjectives w ith the nouns to make six word partners.ADJECTIVENOUNa age (heading)1 product2 disposable3 household —^4 healthy2name (heading)c habits (para 1)dbrand (para 4)5 competinge profits (para 5)6 everydayfrange (para 5)Now combine the adjectives w ith these nouns.a objectCross-culturalComparisonrb lighterc companiesd competitione developmentWork in pairs and discuss.1 Are disposable products popular in your country?2 What disposable products do you use and why?3 Are disposable products good for the environment?5151unit fiveW r itin gSequencing ideas1 N um ber th e item s in th e o rder th a t Bit produced them .a razor [ ]b biro Uc lighter Qd windsurfing board [2 The follow ing sequencers describe th e o rd er of events.
Read th eparag rap h below ab o u t Bic's histo ry a n d say how th ey are used.firstfirst of allsecondsecondlyfirstlythenafter thatafterwardslastlyfinallynow /todaynextBic is well-known for its disposable products. First of all, Bic produced thethrowaway pen, the biro. Then came the disposable lighter. Next theyinvented the throwaway razor and after that the windsurfing board.Today the company focuses on producing razors, biros and lighters. Therewere three key inventions in the company’s history-, firstly the ballpointpen, secondly the disposable lighter and lastly the throwaway razor.343W ork in pairs to find o u t ab o u t EMI (Electrical M usicalIndustries), one of th e w orld's leading m usic com panies.S tudent B: Turn to page 147.S tudent A: Study th is in fo rm atio n o n EMI.Ask a n d answ er questions to fin d o u t th e histo ry ofEMI's products.Example:W h e n d id E M I in tro d u c e lo n g p la y in g v in y l records?W h a t d id i t do in 1 9 5 2 ?D ateEvent__1952I #EMI introduced long playing vinyl records (LPs).________________________________________EMI introduced stereo LP recordings (LPs).1966__________________________________1983EMI launched its first compact discs.1994Today___________________________________One of the world's leading music companies.4 W rite a history of EMI's m usic p ro d u ctio n .
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