Vocabulary Science and Technology (794135), страница 7
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introductory3. process4. thinking8IGANTONYMSUnscramble the words from the reading. Then write each word next to its antonym(word with the opposite meaning).HOOLTRYHUG _____________________TURIPUS _____________________GELEDWONK _____________________ADLE ________________________1.
haphazardly / ____________________2. follow / ____________________3. avoidance / ____________________4. ignorance / ____________________48UNIT 2SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSLesson 7Science in the News: Rewriting the Record BooksUntil now, scientists thought thatbowhead whales had a longevity of80 to 100 years—about the same ashumans. But that was before theInupiat people of northern Alaskadiscovered evidence to the contrary.After recent hunts, they found sixancient ivory and stone harpoonpoints embedded in the blubber offour whales.
How could that be?Native Alaskan whalers had usedonly steel harpoons since the 1800s!Scientific researchers wereamazed but skeptical. So, todetermine ages, they studied thelenses of the whales’ eyes. Changesin amino acids revealed that threewhales were between 135 and172 years old. The fourth whaleappeared to have been 211 when itwas killed! These findings couldestablish whales as the longest-livingmammals onEarth. Furthertests on thebowheads’ bonesand skin are beingconducted to verifythe initial estimatesof age.
If the resultsare confirmed, we will know thatsome whales that are alive todaywere swimming around the arcticseas during America’s Civil War—orperhaps even when ThomasJefferson was president!Bowhead whales—each weighing80 to 110 tons and measuring 50 to60 feet in length—bear distinguishingwhite markings on their front lowerjaws. There are thought to be 8,000to 12,000 bowheads in existence.The bowhead is listed as anendangered species.WORD SEARCH1. What nine-letter noun in the readingmeans “span of life”?__________________________l2. What seven-letter noun in the readingnames a kind of weapon?h__________________________3. What seven-letter plural noun in thereading means “warm-blooded animalswith backbones”?__________________________m49ANTONYMSFirst unscramble the words from the reading.
Then write each unscrambled word nextto its antonym (word that means the opposite).THRENRON______________________NICETAN _____________________FRONCDIME ______________________MEAZDA _____________________RIVFEY ___________________________EROWL _______________________1. southern ____________________4. disprove ____________________2. upper ______________________5. modern _____________________3.
unsurprised _________________6. denied ______________________WORDS IN CONTEXTCircle a letter to show the meaning of the boldface word or words.1. The bowhead’s jaw has a distinguishing white marking.a. elegant;dignifiedb. different inevery whalec. conspicuous;distinct2. The Inupiats discovered evidence to the contrary.a. that discreditedearlier evidenceb.
that raisedanother issuec. stubbornlyinflexibleHOMOPHONESHomophones are words that sound alike but have different meanings and oftendifferent spellings. Find a homophone in the reading for each word listed below.The first one has been done for you.whales1. wails _______________________4. sees_______________________2. forth _______________________5. inn________________________3. steal _______________________6. bare_______________________50SYNONYMSComplete the crossword puzzle.Clues are synonyms (words witha similar meaning) of wordsfrom the story.ACROSS141.
seemed2A3E5EIE4. proof6. doubtful7. showed6SDOWN2. buried3. first4. certify7R5. guessesUNDERSTANDING THE READINGWrite T or F to show whether each statement is true or false. Write NI if there is noinformation in the reading to suggest an answer.1. _____ Until recently, some kinds of fish were thought to be thelongest living animals.2. _____ Scientists can estimate a whale’s age by studying citricacids in the lenses of its eyes.3. _____ The Inupiat people have hunted whales for more than4,000 years.4. _____ Bowheads may be the oldest mammals on the planet.51UNIT 2SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSREVIEWHere’s your chance to show what you’ve learned in this unit.SENTENCE COMPLETIONCircle the word that correctly completes each sentence.1.
A scientist who studies matter, energy, and force is called a( physician / physicist ).2. The words synonym and antonym are ( adverbs / antonyms ).3. The letter groups -ing, -ant, and -able are common( suffixes / prefixes ).4. A city’s ( elevation / latitude ) is its height above sea level.5. Scientists have identified 103 chemical ( processes / elements ).6. ( Properties / Characteristics ) is a multiple-meaning word.7. The words seas and sees are called ( abbreviations / homonyms ).8. A ( meteor / satellite ) is an object that revolves around a planet.9.
The abbreviations kHz and MHz appear in tiny print on lots of( appliances / lightbulbs ).10. Lines of ( latitude / longitude ) show distance north or southof the equator.52HIDDEN WORDS PUZZLEFind and circle the words in the puzzle. Wordsmay go up, down, across, backward, or diagonally.Check off each word as you find it.___ CONTINENTS___ OCEANS___ SYNONYM___ ENERGY___ HOMONYM___ ANTONYM___ ADJECTIVE___ NOUN___ ABBREVIATION___ GAS___ COMPOUND___ RAINSNECKLRWTUPCDKHOMONYMKOLELNMZBRNDNWPVOMPCNABTOQMIPYOACIIYUXYTUNUCXNEDNGNCJONXEOTFRAOEGNDNSAYEBSTJFYTVDPNLCZNDDSLBRESSXCAABBREVIATIONWORDS IN CONTEXTWrite original sentences, using the words from the hidden words puzzle.
Includeexamples in each sentence.1. continents ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. oceans ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. energy ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. compound ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. antonym ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________536.
abbreviation __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. synonym ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. homonym _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.
adjective ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. noun __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11. gas ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12. rain ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ANALOGIESAnalogies are statements of relationship. Figure out the relationship between the firsttwo words. Then complete the analogy with a word you studied in this unit.1. Water is to ocean as land is to ___________________________.c2. Cold is to condensation as warmth is to ___________________________.e3.
Rise is to evaporation as fall is to ___________________________.p4. Abbreviation is to Mr. as kHz is to ___________________________.k5. Extinct is to living as cold-blooded is to ___________________________.w6. Weight is to pound as energy wave is to ___________________________.h54UNIT 3SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSPREVIEWHere’s an introduction to the vocabulary terms, skills, and concepts you will study inthis unit. Answers appear upside down on the bottom of this page.RECOGNIZING EXAMPLESCircle two items in each word group that match the category.1.
proper adjectivesJosephOuch!HispanicShakespearean2. plural nounscelebratesfrequenciesviolatesfungi3. compound wordsbroadcastinginteractionecosystemsnowflake4. words with a prefixresearcherunforgivabledisjointeddesired5. words with a suffixmoldyhairlessimprecisenostrilsSPELLINGUnderline the two correctly spelled words in each group.1. inventermodems2.
navigaterhinocerus3. aproppriate4. studiossubstituteamplafiedinventormodamsrhinocerosnavagateappropriatestudioessubstatuteamplifiedANSWERS: RECOGNIZING EXAMPLES: 1. Hispanic, Shakespearean 2. frequencies, fungi 3. broadcasting, snowflake4. unforgivable, disjointed 5. moldy, hairless SPELLING: 1. modems, inventor 2. navigate, rhinoceros3.
substitute, appropriate 4. studios, amplified55UNIT 3Lesson 1SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSGLOSSARYA glossary is an alphabetical list of unusual or specialized words from a certainfield of knowledge. Following are some important words from the fields ofscience and technology.appendage a body part that sticksout, such as an arm, wing, or legfertilization the joining of a sperm cellwith an egg cellaxis an imaginary line runningthrough the center of a planet fromone pole to the other polegenetics the study of the way animalsand plants pass on characteristicsto their offspringcarbon dioxide gas made of carbonand oxygen; it is breathed outof the lungs and taken in byplantsgermination the process by which ayoung plant breaks out of its seedchromosomes tiny particles in thenucleus of cells made up of DNAand genesparasite an organism that lives in oron another organismcyclone an area of low pressure withstrong, circular windsecosystem all the living things thatmake up a particular community ina certain environmentmagma the molten matter under theEarth’s crustPrecambrian era the geological erathat began 4.5 billion years ago andlasted nearly four billion yearstissue a group of cells that all do thesame jobWORDS IN CONTEXTUse context clues to help you complete the sentences with the correct words from theglossary.
If you’re not sure, check a dictionary.1. The _________________________ covers nearly 85 percent of allgeological time.2. Much like a tornado, a _________________________ can be verydamaging.563. A tree branch and a dog’s tail are both _________________________.4. When _________________________ reaches a volcano’s surface, it iscalled lava.5.
If you’ve ever seen a flea on a dog, you’ve seen a_________________________.6. Every 24 hours, the Earth makes a complete rotation on its_________________________.7. The _________________________ of a pond includes weeds, insects,frogs, worms, and fish.8. If you exercise too hard, you may damage your muscle_________________________.9. _________________________ is the branch of science that explainshow traits are passed on from one generation to the next.10. In order to make food, plants need _________________________.11.
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