Vocabulary Science and Technology (794135), страница 5
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Steam coming from a tea kettle is an example of_______________________.9. _______________________ protects the Earth from harmful radiationfrom the sun.10. _______________________ occurs when water vapor turns into dew.11. In a process called the _______________ _______________, all thewater on Earth is used over and over again.12. Squirrels, whales, and mice are all _______________________animals.13.
Rain is the most common form of _______________________.32WORD FORMSTo correctly complete each sentence, rewrite each boldface word in a different form.1. (evaporation)On a sunny day, water in a puddle will____________________ quickly.2. (extinct)Mass ____________________ occurs when many formsof life suddenly disappear from the Earth.3. (environment)____________________ are those who work toprotect Earth’s air and water from pollution.4. (condensation)Freezing temperatures ____________________water into ice.ANALOGIESRemember that analogies are statements of relationship.
Begin by thinking about therelationship between the first two words. Then complete the analogy by writing theglossary word that makes sense.1. Human being is to frogas warm-blooded is to________________________.c2. Past is to present as________________________e4. Venus is to planet as moonis to ________________________.s5. Environment is toenvironmental as continentis to ________________________.cis to living.6. Circulation is to circulatory3. Daisy is to flower as sleetis to ________________________.pas ________________________ris to respiratory.33UNIT 2Lesson 2SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSWhat’s a Hertz?A hertz is the standard unit offrequency used to measure an energywave. Suppose you were watching achild on a swing. Each cycle ofswing-out and swing-in would beone cycle. If you kept track of timewhile you watched, you couldmeasure the swing in hertz.
Two inand-out cycles per second would be2-hertz or 2Hz.Household electricity is usually120 volts at 60Hz—which means itpulses energy at 60 times per second.Kilohertz means thousands of cyclesper second. AM radio broadcasts inkHz. Its programs are transmitted onwaves that number 740,000 persecond.
Megahertz or MHz meansmillions of cycles persecond. Cordless phonesbroadcast as radio signalsthat cycle at millions oftimes a second. Computer processorsrun at speeds of about 450 millioncycles per second.Where did the word hertz comefrom? It came from a Germanphysicist named Heinrich Hertz.
Inthe late 1800s, he was the first toproduce electromagnetic wavesunder laboratory conditions. This ledto the development of the telegraphand the radio.The abbreviations Hz, kHz, andMHz appear in tiny print on lots ofappliances.WORD SEARCH1. What six-letter noun in the readingmeans “the power of certain forces ofnature to do work”?______________________e2. What nine-letter noun in the readingmeans “a device for sending messages bya code of electrical signals”?______________________t3. What nine-letter noun in the reading means“a scientist who studies the interrelationshipsof matter, energy, force, and motion”?______________________p34WORDS AND MEANINGS1Use the clues to help you solvethe crossword puzzle.L24ACROSS4.
any standard term ofmeasurement such asinch, pound, or degree55. things like refrigerators,toasters, hairdryers6. to determine quantity7. a complete set of eventsthat repeat in the sameorder3VUA67SMCDOWN1. room or buildingwhere scientific testsare carried out2. information sent by anelectromagnetic wave3. measurements of an electric currentPREFIXESYou learned in the reading that the prefix kilo- means “thousand” and the prefix megameans “million.” Use this information to help you complete the following sentences.1. The word kilometer must mean ____________________ meters.2. A ____________________ must be equal to one million tons.3. A ____________________ must be one one-millionth of a megaton.4.
A megawatt of electrical power must be equal to one million____________________.5. Something that weighs one kilogram must be equal to____________________ grams.6. A megabyte must be equal to one million ____________________of computer memory.35ABBREVIATIONSYou already know that abbreviations—like Mr. for Mister—are shortened forms ofwords.
On the lines below, write either the abbreviation or the whole word thatmatches. The first one has been done for you.megahertz = MHz1. __________________5. gallon = __________________2. hertz = __________________6. __________________ = min.3. kilohertz = __________________7. __________________ = oz.4. __________________ = ft.8. quart = __________________MULTIPLE-MEANING WORDSSome words have entirely different meanings when they’re used in different contexts.Notice the boldface words in phrases from the reading. Then write a sentence of yourown, using the same word with an entirely different meaning.1. measure an energy wave _________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.
cycles per second ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. if you kept track ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SYNONYMSDraw a line to match each boldface word from the reading with its synonym (wordwith a similar meaning).1. transmittedvibration2. runpower3. pulseoperate4. energysent36UNIT 2Lesson 3SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSWhat Causes Precipitation?Numerous factors influence theamount of precipitation in a location.Three of the most important factors area location’s latitude, distance from theocean, and elevation. Compare thecities of Los Angeles, Denver, Seattle,and Phoenix, for example.In the United States, mostprecipitation-producing weathersystems come from the west.
Thesesystems are carried along byundulations in the polar jet stream.The jet stream is stronger in higherlatitudes, bringing more storms tonorthern locales.Western cities near the PacificOcean tend to get more precipitationthan inland cities. Why? Because ofthe higher mountains. Ranges such asthe Cascades, the Sierra Nevada, andthe Rockies wring moisture out of theclouds as they are lifted over themountains.Finally, elevation determineswhether precipitation will fall as rainor snow.Average annual rainfall in the fourcities is as follows: Los Angeles, 14.83inches; Denver, 12.55 inches; Seattle,37.92 inches; and Phoenix, 7.95inches.0RAINFALL IN INCHES20301040LOS ANGELESDENVERSEATTLEPHOENIXWORD SEARCH1.
What nine-letter noun in the reading means“height above sea level”?____________________e2. What five-letter noun in the reading means“a row or line of connected mountains”?____________________r3. What eight-letter noun in the reading means“the length of a line between two points”?____________________d37ANTONYMSSolve the crossword puzzle. Clues areantonyms (words with opposite meanings)of words from the reading.ACROSS3.4.5.6.insignificantdroppedunderlower3412MSI5LODOWN1. least2. weaker3. oceanfront6HHOMOPHONESHomophones are words that sound exactly alike but have different meanings andspellings.
In the reading, for example, you can find the homophones weather andwhether. Write a homophone for each word listed below.1. aunt / _______________________6. fowl /________________________2. bare / _______________________7. herd / _______________________3. capital / _____________________8.
higher / _____________________4. cent /________________________9. not / ________________________5. chews /______________________10. mane / ______________________LOOK IT UP!Check a dictionary to help you compare the meanings of longitude and latitude.Circle the word that correctly completes the sentence.1. A city’s ( longitude / latitude ) is its distance north or south ofthe equator.2. Both longitude and latitude are measured in ( miles / degrees ).383. ( Longitude / Latitude ) is distance measured east or west of animaginary line running from the North Pole to the South Pole.4. Lines of longitude and latitude are usually shown on a( globe / road map ).5. Chicago is at 87 degrees west ( latitude / longitude ).6.
Minneapolis is at 45 degrees north ( latitude / longitude ).ANALOGIESAnalogies are statements of relationship. To complete an analogy, figure out therelationship between the first two words. Then write the word from the reading thatshows the same relationship.1. Horizontal is to vertical as latitude is to __________________________.l2. Numerous is to plentiful as yearly is to __________________________.a3. Warmer is to rain as colder is to __________________________.s4. Mountain is to mountainous as pole is to __________________________.pMYSTERY WORDSUnscramble words from the reading to correctly complete the sentences.1. SCARTOF ____________________ are causes that combine to bringabout a result.2.
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