Vocabulary Science and Technology (794135), страница 2
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Whenit’s in your skin, the ultraviolet energyVitamin D is essential to everyone’snutrition. It helps young people growstrong teeth and straight new bones.It keeps older people’s bones fromgetting brittle. Years ago, parents wereconcerned about the lack of sunshinein the dark winter months. Theyworried that their children weren’tgetting enough Vitamin D. Today,Vitamin D is added to almost all milkthat’s sold in the United States.in sunshine snips up another chemicalthat is already floating around in yourbody. The new chemical formed iscalled Vitamin D3. But your body can’tmake use of Vitamin D3 until a fewmore chemical reactions occur. So theD3 is carried to your liver, where theatoms are rearranged to form a newWORD SEARCH1. What eight-letter word in the reading means“the smallest particle of a substance that canexist alone without losing its chemical form”?_____________________m2.
What three organs of the human body are named in the reading?___________________ ____________________l____________________ks3. What nine-letter word in the reading means“food” or “nourishment”?____________________n4. What two-syllable word in the reading means“to attract and take in another substance”?a____________________9WORD ROOTS• The Latin roots vit and viv mean “life.” The word vitamin, for example, means “asubstance needed by the body for normal growth and health.” Read the list ofwords containing vit or viv. Then write a letter to match each word with its meaning.Use a dictionary if you need help.1.
_____ survivea. clear; bright; strong2. _____ vitalb. lively, spirited, energetic3. _____ vividc. to continue to live or exist4. _____ vivaciousd. necessary to life5. _____ revivale. act of bringing back to life• Now write sentences of your own, using the five boldface words above.1. ________________________________________________________________2.
________________________________________________________________3. ________________________________________________________________4. ________________________________________________________________5. ________________________________________________________________ANALOGIESAn analogy is a statement of relationship. It points out a likeness between things thatare otherwise unalike. Complete the following analogies with words from the reading.1. Biology is to biologist as ______________________is to chemist.c2.
Adjust is to readjust as action is to ______________________.r3. Athlete is to athletic as ______________________is to energetic.e4. Multiply is to multiplication as ______________________is torrearrangement.10RHYMING WORDSWrite words from the reading that rhyme with the words below.FIRST PARAGRAPH:1. plead ______________________3. shore _______________________2. fizz ________________________4. break _______________________SECOND PARAGRAPH:1.
voting ______________________3. drowned ____________________2. heart ______________________4. buried ______________________THIRD PARAGRAPH:1. strung ______________________3. fluff ________________________2. plate _______________________4.
leaps _______________________SYNONYMSComplete the puzzle with words from the reading. Clue words are synonyms (wordswith a similar meaning) of the answer words.ACROSS3. permits5. offspring134A6. created52NEOCR7. namedDOWN6F1. requires2. important74. happenC11UNIT 1Lesson 3SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSWaves, Surf, Seas, and Swells: What’s the Difference?All four terms refer to theconditions of a large body of water’ssurface. The generic term wave refersto the undulations of the water’s surface.In their graceful rise and fall, wavesare a combination of sea and swell.Swell results from the wind’s pastaction on the water.
It has a gentler,more rolling action than that of awave. You can see swells in the openwater even when the current wind iscalm. The distance between successivecrests is called the wavelength.Sea refers to the distinct featuresof the wave—such as crests—causedby wind blowing across the water’ssurface.Surf is the interaction of the wavesand the shoreline. It is influenced bythe height and energy of the waves.The topography of the coast alsoaffects surf. A beach with a gentle,offshore slope, for example, will havesmall surf. A beach that drops offsharply will have larger surf.WORD SEARCH1.
What ten-letter noun in thereading means “the surfacefeatures of a region, includinghills, rivers, roads, etc.”?_____________________________t2. What ten-letter adjective in thereading means “going in regularorder without a break”?_____________________________s12WORDS AND MEANINGSUse the clues to help you solve the crossword puzzle.
Answers are words from the reading.ACROSS2. colorless liquid found inoceans12S5. points toward; assignsmeaning to457. tops or summits of wavesW3TGR6F8. has an effect onDOWN1. the outside of something7C3. words or phrases withspecial meanings inscience, art, etc.4. describes smooth, beautifulease of movement8IC6.
qualities or characteristicsPREFIXES• The prefix inter- means “between,” and the prefix off- means “away from.” Write aword from the reading that begins with each prefix.1. ______________________________________________________________• Now replace each scrambled word in the sentences below with a new word thatbegins with inter- or off-. The first one has been done for you.off-limits until he2. Tom said the tree house is MILSTI ____________________repairs the floor.3.
That science fiction story is about TALCGAIC ____________________warfare in outer space.4. The actor waited GATES ___________________ until he heard his cue.5. Route 66 is a well-known ETAST ____________________ highway.13COMMONLY CONFUSED WORDSYou read that the surface features of the coast affect surf. Are you clear about thedifference between the words effect and affect?effect: the consequence or result of an actionEXAMPLE: The moon has an effect on the tides.affect: to influence or produce an effect uponEXAMPLE: Bright lights affect the eyes.Write affect or effect to complete each sentence.1.
The store owner hoped his advertisement would have a good____________________ on sales.2. Our assignment was to write a paragraph about one cause andone ____________________ of world hunger.3. Why should you allow her bad mood to ____________________ theway you feel?4. If he studies a little harder, he can ____________________ a bigchange in his grades.COMPOUND WORDS1.
What compound word (one word madeby combining two or more words) is asynonym of the word “beach”?____________________________2. The distance between cresting wavesis named by what compound word?_____________________________WORD COMPLETIONAdd vowels (a, e, i, o, u) to complete the words from the reading.1.
__n d__l__t__ __n s are curvy, wavy motions.2. W__v__s are a combination of s__ __ and s w__l l.3. Surf is influenced by the h__ __g h t and __n__r g y of the waves.14UNIT 1Lesson 4SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSSome Surprising Facts About BonesLiving cells make up less than fivepercent of your body’s bones—but theyare continually busy! At this verymoment, specialized cells in yourskeleton are chewing up old, wornout bits of bone and putting freshnew material in their place.Meanwhile, these same busybones are turning out new bloodcells. And they’re making surethat every part of your bodygets just the right amount ofcalcium to keep it going. How doyour bones do this? They act as astorage bank for calcium. In fact, 99percent of the calcium in your body isheld in bone—ready for release into thebloodstream as needed.Many people think of theskeleton as a symbol of death. Buteach and every bone is a livingorgan, full of dynamic vitality. Infact, every square inch of yourskeleton is regenerated everyten years.
Some parts—thespongy bones of the spineand hip—renew themselvesmuch more often.In a broader sense, human boneis a key to understanding who weare as a species. The bones of longdead creatures that have turned tofossils tell us much about life. Withoutthem, scientists would know verylittle about the history of vertebratesover the past 600 million years.WORD SEARCH1.
What seven-letter noun in the readingmeans “a group of plants or animals thatare alike in certain ways”?_______________________s2. What seven-letter adjective in the readingmeans “active, energetic, vigorous”?_______________________d3. What seven-letter noun in the readingdescribes the hardened remains ofancient plants or animals?_______________________f15SYNONYMSFirst unscramble the words from the reading. Then write each unscrambled wordnext to its synonym (word with a similar meaning).SELS _________________________OMANUT _______________________ADED ________________________TRUERACES _____________________SYBU ________________________NETFO _________________________RAPT _________________________LIARMEAT ______________________1. piece______________________5. deceased ____________________2. quantity ___________________6.
frequently ___________________3. fewer ______________________7. industrious __________________4. beings _____________________8. substance ___________________SENTENCE COMPLETION1Puzzle answers are words from thereading that complete the sentences.L2V3ACROSS41. Every bone is a _____ organ.5. A skeleton is often thoughtto be a ____ of death.56. Every bone is full ofdynamic _____.7.
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