Vocabulary Science and Technology (794135), страница 3
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Worn-out bits of bone are soonreplaced with _____ new material.6SVDOWN1. Fossils are the remains of _____dead creatures.7F2. Fossils tell us about the history of _____.3. The bones of the spine and hip have a _____ texture.4. Bones release _____ into the bloodstream.16CISMULTIPLE-MEANING WORDSSome words have entirely different meanings when they’re used in different contexts.Find a word in the reading that matches each pair of definitions below. Write thewords on the lines.1. _____________________•the basic unit of living matter (noun)•small room in a jail or prison (noun)2. _____________________•correct or true (adjective)•opposite direction of left (noun)3.
_____________________•metal device that unlocks a door (noun)•important or central idea (adjective)4. _____________________•to play a part in a show (verb)•to function or do (verb)UNDERSTANDING THE READING1. What percentage of human bone is not made up ofliving cells?_________________2. Bones hold our bodies upright and protect our inner organs.Describe two more jobs that bones do.________________________________________________________________3. Are the bones in a 40-year-old the same bones that were there whenthat person was 25 years old? Explain why or why not.________________________________________________________________GREEK ROOTSThe Greek root gen means “birth.” Draw a line to match each word on the left with itsmeaning on the right. Check a dictionary if you’re not sure!1.
generationa. children or offspring2. genealogyb. to renew or give new life to3. regeneratec. all the people born about the same time4. progenyd. a family tree or list of ancestors17UNIT 1Lesson 5SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSScience in the News: A Very Long-Term ExperimentSeeds buried by abotanist 121 yearsago have recentlybloomed into brightyellow flowers.In the late 1800s,William Beal wasa botany professorat Michigan StateUniversity. In 1879, he devised anexperiment to determine how longseed would continue to germinate.
Todo this he put seeds of mullein plantsin 20 glass bottles and then buriedthem on the campus.Professor Beal directed that onebottle should be unearthed every fiveyears. To extend the experiment, theintervals were lengthened to every tenand then every 20 years.The fifteenth bottle was dug up onan April day in the year 2000. The1,050 seeds in the bottle were set outin a growth chamber. Twenty-fiveseedlings, nearly all of them mullein,began to grow.Put in greenhouses, the plantssoon started blooming. The brightyellow flowers were described as“beautiful” by botanists followingthrough with Professor Beal’sexperiment.Five of William Beal’s bottles stillremain buried on the Michigan Statecampus. The next one is scheduled tobe dug up in 2020.WORD SEARCH1.
What nine-letter noun means “a college oruniversity teacher of the highest rank”?_______________________p2. What eleven-letter compound word in thereading means “glass buildings that can beheated for growing plants”?_______________________g3. What ten-letter noun in the readingmeans “a test to find out whether a theoryis correct”?_______________________e18ANTONYMSUse words from the reading to solve the crosswordpuzzle.
Clue words are antonyms (words that meanthe opposite) of the answer words.ACROSS12BBDOWN2. unearthed1. pale; dull4. wither3. long355. terminate6. earlier64SGCNLSYNONYMSFirst unscramble the words from the reading. Then write each word next to itssynonym (word with a similar meaning).DISCBREED ___________________RINWOLFEG _____________________NEATIMERG ___________________NEXTEDCRIEDEDT _____________________EDSIVED ______________________________________________1. blooming ___________________4. ordered____________________2.
invented ___________________5. lengthen___________________3. sprout ______________________6. characterized ________________THINKING ABOUT THE READING1. How many of the 1,050 seeds planted in the year2000 did not grow?2. What’s the name of the branch ofscience that studies plants and howthey grow?__________________________________________3. How many glass bottles of seeds have alreadybeen dug up?_______________19SUFFIXES MEANING “one who”In the reading, the suffix -ist changes the word botany (the science of plants) into botanist—one who practices botany. But many other suffixes are also used to show “one who does,practices, or works with” something.
Complete the sentences with words that contain thesuffixes in the box. Check a dictionary if you need help. The first one has been done for you.-ist-ian-ant-or-er-ar-ent1. An _________________________practices art.artist2. A _________________________ is one who paints.3.
One who assists is an _________________________.4. One who begs is a _________________________.5. An _________________________ is one who edits.6. One who resides is a _________________________.7. One who practices magic is a _________________________.8. An _________________________ is one who acts.ANALOGIESAnalogies are statements of relationship. To come up with the missing word, youmust figure out the relationship between the first two words. Then complete eachanalogy with a word from the reading.1. Baby is to child as seed is to ______________________.s2.
Sweet is to taste as ___________________________is to color.y3. Disappear is to vanish as ___________________________is to stay.r4. Hours are to minutes as ___________________________are to months.y5. ___________________________is to bottle as tin is to can.G6. Run is to ran as dig is to ___________________________.d7. Water is to fish as soil is to ___________________________.p20UNIT 1SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSLesson 6Have You Ever Seen a Sun Dog?If you glance up at the sun aboutan hour before sundown or afterdawn, you might see a sun dog. Sundogs are little patches of rainbow colorthat appear on the left and right sidesof the sun.SUN DOGScientists say this is the effect ofsunlight refracting as it passesthrough ice crystals.
Sometimes thesesame crystals—which are in highlevel cirrus clouds—can also createcomplete rainbow-like halos aroundthe sun.How are sun dogs created? The icecrystals in the clouds are of differentshapes. One type, shaped like a sixsided plate, will reflect light only toSUN DOGHORIZONthe sides of the sun when it is orientedhorizontally. When these hexagonalcrystals are oriented in all differentdirections, a complete halo results.The technical name for sun dogs—which are also called “false suns”—isparhelia. For a graphic that furtherexplains this phenomenon, ask areference librarian or surf the Web.WORD SEARCH1.
What six-letter adjective in the readingdescribes clouds that are “feathery andwispy”?___________________________c2. What four-letter noun in the readingnames a unit of time?3. What seven-letter noun in the readingmeans “a picture, map, or diagram”?___________________________h___________________________g21SYNONYMSComplete the puzzle with words from the reading. Clue words aresynonyms (words with a similar meaning) of the answer words.1ACROSS2. spots23PSC5. kind46. look7. six-sided5D6TGDOWN1. forms73.
totalHN4. daybreakLOOK IT UP!Write the dictionary definition of each word from the reading.1. phenomenon __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. refracting _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.
reflect _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIPSThe word horizontal means “level, flat, parallel to the horizon.” The word verticalmeans “straight up and down; perpendicular to the horizon.” Write H or V to showwhether each item below is horizontal or vertical.1. _____ the walls of a house4.
_____ a flagpole2. _____ the legs of a table5. _____ the surface of a pond3. _____ a cupboard shelf6. _____ a city sidewalk22MYSTERY WORDSUnscramble the words from the reading that match the definitions.1. NOTDEERI ______________________: positioned in a certain way2. SCARTSLY ______________________: regularly shaped piecesformed when many substances become solids3. CHINCATEL ______________________: describes something usedin a particular science, art, or professionUNDERSTANDING THE READINGWrite T or F to show whether each statement below is true or false.1.
_____ Sun dogs always appear just before or after it rains.2. _____ You can use the Internet to find out more about sun dogs.3. _____ Sun dogs appear only when there are stratus clouds in the sky.4. _____ The name “false suns” is also used to describe sun dogs.WORD FORMSYou can change the form of many words to make different parts of speech. The verbexcite, for example, can be changed to the adjective exciting, or the noun excitement.Change the form of each boldface word from the reading according to the directionsbelow.
The first one has been done for you.1. cloudcloudyadjective form: __________________________________2. iceadjective form: __________________________________3. appearnoun form: _____________________________________4. hexagonalnoun form: _____________________________________5.
completenoun form: _____________________________________6. reflectnoun form: _____________________________________23UNIT 1Lesson 7SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSScience in the News: The Dangers of MercuryDoes your family still have an oldfashioned mercury thermometer?These days, most people use the newdigital thermometers. They measuretemperature faster, and they’re a loteasier to read.How can you get rid of your oldthermometer? You can’t just dumpit in the trash. That tiny drop ofmercury inside can be very dangerousto human health.
The half gram ofmercury in one broken thermometeris enough to pollute 5 million gallonsof water! That’s why a mercurythermometer should never beincinerated or buried in landfill.Instead, old thermometers should betaken to the nearest householdhazardous waste site.Mercury in the environment carriesunique risks. It affects the brain, spinalcord, kidneys, and liver. In humans,elevated mercury levels can causemental and physical retardation.The U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) is working to reducehuman exposure to mercury.
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