Vocabulary Science and Technology (794135), страница 11
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Good sources of _________________________ include vegetables,grains, and potatoes.15. A powerful _________________________ engine uses the water ina dam to create electricity.82ANALOGIESAnalogies are statements of relationship. To complete an analogy, figure out therelationship between the first pair of words. Then write the word from the readingthat shows the same relationship.1. Keyboard is to printeras input is to_________________________.o4. Plants are to producersas animals are to_________________________.c2.
Total is to partialas erosion is to_________________________.w5. Flower is to botanyas planet is to_________________________.a3. Wind is to windmillas fluid is to_________________________.t6. Meat is to proteinas doughnut is to_________________________.cCATEGORIESWrite the boxed items under the correct headings.desertbreadquartzmonitorfruitsoceanprinterrain forestsilvernoodleszincdisk drive1.
HABITATS3. COMPUTER OUTPUT DEVICES__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. CARBOHYDRATES4. MINERALS__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________83UNIT 4Lesson 2SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSRabbits and Hares: What’s the Difference?Rabbits and hares were onceclassified as rodents.
After all, justlike rodents, they have two pairs ofbig gnawing teeth, or incisors, in thefront of their jaws. But rabbits andhares also have a second, smallerpair of upper incisors. Because of thisand other differences, rabbits andhares are now placed in a separateorder from rodents.In general, rabbits and hares area lot alike. They both have big, longears and stubby tails. They haveshort front legs and long, powerfulhind legs that make them expertrunners and leapers. And they areboth vegetarians that eat grass,leaves, tender buds, and twigs.But rabbits are usually smallerthan hares, and their ears are not solong. At birth, the young of rabbitsare blind, naked, and helpless. Incontrast, newborn hares are born wideeyed and fully furred. They are ableto hop about on the day of their birth.HARESRABBITSTrue rabbits dig far-reachingburrows and bear their young in anunderground nest.
Hares, on theother hand, make their nests inhollows in the ground. (So does thecottontail—but in all other ways it isa true rabbit!)WORD SEARCH1. What seven-letter plural noun in thereading means “a very large order ofgnawing mammals”?______________________________r2. What four-letter plural noun in thereading means “plant swellings fromwhich leaves or flowers develop”?______________________________b843. Which seven-letter plural noun inthe reading means “undergroundholes or tunnels”?______________________________bANTONYMSComplete the crossword puzzle with words from the reading. Clues areantonyms (words that mean the opposite) of the answer words.ACROSS11.
frontH25. unskilled46. larger5DOWN4. lowerFUEE2. covered3. bald3N6SSYNONYMSFirst unscramble the words from the reading. Then write each unscrambled word nextto its synonym (word with a similar meaning).WOLPRUFE ________________________DERENT ______________________BUSBYT __________________________LUAUSLY ______________________SAICFIELDS _______________________AKEIL ________________________1. similar / __________________4. ordinarily / ____________________2. soft / _____________________5. mighty / ______________________3. short / ____________________6.
categorized / __________________85CATEGORIESList each word in the box under the correct heading.newbornundergroundhelpless1. COMPOUND WORDSlongervegetariancottontail2. WORDS WITH SUFFIXES______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________HOMONYMSHomonyms are words that sound the same but have different meanings andspellings. First write a homonym for each boldface word from the reading. Thenwrite a sentence that contains both words. The first one has been done for you.1. hare / ____________________hair________________________________________________________________The hair on that hare is a beautiful brown color.2.
pairs / ____________________________________________________________________________________3. bear / ____________________________________________________________________________________4. tails / ____________________________________________________________________________________5. two / ____________________________________________________________________________________86UNIT 4SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSLesson 3Animal IntelligenceMany animals, froma flea to an elephant,can be taught to perform tricks.
Butthese acts tell us little about learningability. An animal’s intelligence ismeasured by how it manages a newsituation and how well it solves problems.The maze is one method scientistsuse to test animal intelligence. A mazecontains a number of confusingpathways. In a scientific test, theanimal’s task is to discover the paththat leads to food or some otherreward.
How many attempts does theanimal make to find its way throughthe blind alleys of the maze? And howlong does the animal remember whatit has learned? The answers to thesequestions are strong indications of theanimal’s learning and memorycapacities.Which animals are smarter? Inlearning how to solve new problems,vertebrates are usually superior toinvertebrates. Chimpanzees, dogs,cats, and rats make high scores onvarious tests. But there are widedifferences among individual animalsof the same species.
Some bees, ants,and cockroaches, for example, aremuch brighter than other members ofthe same colony.Here are a few fascinating facts about animal intelligence:• Many fish have color vision and canrecognize each other by colorpatterns on the head.• An octopus can run mazes anddifferentiate between a circle, asquare, and a triangle.• Squirrels, like some birds, have asense of numbers.• Toads and frogs learn to respond totheir caretakers.WORD SEARCH1. What thirteen-letter verb in thereading means “to tell the differencebetween”?_____________________________d872. What thirteen-letter plural noun inthe reading means “creatures withoutbackbones”?___________________________i3. What six-letter noun in the readingmeans “a group of animals or plantsliving or growing together”?___________________________c4.
What eight-letter verb in the readingmeans “found out the exact size, amount,or extent of something”?___________________________m1SYNONYMSComplete the crossword puzzlewith words from the reading.Clues are synonyms (wordswith a similar meaning) ofthe answer words.2B3I4ACROSS2.4.6.7.signsdesignstriesbewildering6DOWN1. smarter3.
abilities; skills5. answers;explains7C5PSACCATEGORIESWrite examples from the reading that belong to each category.1. three geometric figures: __________________________________________________ _________________________2. four insects: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________88WORD FORMSComplete the chart. If the boldface word is a noun, write its verb form. If the word isa verb, write its noun form.VERBSNOUNS1. recognizecolony2.3.
measure4. performmemory5.6. solveANTONYMSUnscramble the words from the reading. Then write each one next to its antonym(word that means the opposite).DRAWER ______________________INVALIDUDI ______________________ROPERIUS _____________________SCANTIGAFIN _____________________1. boring / _____________________3. inferior / ____________________2. group / _____________________4. punishment / ________________WORDS IN CONTEXTCircle a letter to show the meaning of the boldface word or words.1. An animal must find its way around blind alleys.a.
scary streetsb. dark passagesc. dead-end paths2. Toads and frogs respond to their caretakers.a. recognizeand react tob. give intelligentanswers toc. try to pleaseand impress89UNIT 4Lesson 4SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSWhy Are Deserts Dry?By definition, deserts are simplyregions where the annual amount ofevaporation exceeds the annualamount of precipitation. These stark,arid stretches of land cover about 30percent of the Earth’s surface. TheSahara Desert of Northern Africa isthe world’s largest. It covers an areaof three and a half million squaremiles.There are two distinct types ofdeserts: subtropical and midlatitude.Subtropical deserts cover vastexpanses between 10 degrees and 30degrees latitude.
High-pressureatmospheric conditions in thoseregions cause the air to sink and growwarmer. Subtropical deserts includethose in Arizona, the Sahara, theArabian Peninsula, and most ofAustralia’s interior.Midlatitude deserts are usuallyfound on the downwind side of majorgeographic barriers.
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