Vocabulary Science and Technology (794135), страница 12
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These barriers—mountain ranges such as the SierraNevada, the Himalayas, and theAndes—block a large percentage ofmoisture-laden winds. The GreatBasin, a cool desert of North America,is a good example of a midlatitudedesert. The Great Basin developedbecause of the “rain shadow”produced by the Sierra Nevada.Some deserts were formed becausethe prevailing winds are too far awayfrom large bodies of water. Twodeserts in such interior locations arethe Gobi and the Turkestan in Asia.WORD SEARCH1. What ten-letter adjective in the readingmeans “most common or frequent”?___________________________p2. What ten-letter noun in the readingmeans “a certain part or amount inevery hundred”?90___________________________p3. What seven-letter verb in the readingmeans “goes beyond what is usual orallowed”?___________________________eANTONYMSComplete the crossword puzzle with words from the reading.
Clues areantonyms (words that mean the opposite) of the answer words.1ACROSSI2. alike; same23. smallD4. minor6. upwind34VM5ADOWN1. exterior; coastal2. rain forest6D5. humid; dampTHE PREFIX mid-The prefix mid- means “middle or middle part.” Complete the sentences below with aword beginning with mid-. Use a dictionary if you need help.1. The two small planes met in a _________________________ collision.2. _________________________ is the halfway point between duskand dawn.3. Chicago, Illinois and Omaha, Nebraska are ________________________cities.4. Students take _________________________ tests halfway throughthe semester.5.
The cafeteria serves lunch at _________________________.91MULTIPLE-MEANING WORDSSome words have entirely different meanings when they are used in differentcontexts. Unscramble the multiple-meaning words from the reading. Then write asentence for each meaning shown.1. SEGNAR ____________________a. (noun) rows or lines of connected mountains _________________________________________________________________________________b. (verb) roams or wanders about freely ________________________________________________________________________________________2. CHESTRETS ____________________a.
(noun) unbroken distances__________________________________________________________________________________________________b. (verb) draws out to full length or to a greater size _____________________________________________________________________________3. BOLCSK ____________________a. (verb) stops movement or progress___________________________________________________________________________________________b. (noun) wooden or plastic toy bricks or cubes __________________________________________________________________________________SYNONYMSDraw a line to match each boldface word from the reading with its synonym (wordwith a similar meaning).1.
starka. loaded2. barriersb. developed3. ladenc. obstructions4. formedd. bleak92UNIT 4SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSLesson 5Q&A Sites on the InternetDo you need the answer to atricky question? Would you like somehelp understanding a difficultconcept? You can always try one ofthe Question and Answer (Q&A)sites on the World Wide Web. Theseare places you can submit a questionfor an expert to answer. Before youstart clicking, however, there are afew things you should know.Most Web sites offering expertassistance also keep an archive. Thisis a collection of all previousquestions and answers—or at leastthe most frequently asked questions(FAQs).
So check out the site’sarchive before submitting yourquestion. If your question hasalready been answered in theirarchive, some sites will not respondto your e-mail.Other sites require a certain timeframe to respond—perhaps two days,or even longer. Still other sites selectand answer only one question of allthose received in a day or a week.And they answer it only on amessage board.
That means youhave to visit the message boardfrequently to see if your question waschosen. Some interesting Q&A sitesare listed below. Just remember thatWeb sites change frequently. If onesite doesn’t work, try another one!• www.howstuffworks.comfor help with science projects• www.science.ca/ask/150 Canadian scientists answeryour questions• www.ipl.org/youth/great references for kids from theInternet Public Library• http://mathforum.com/dr.mathDr. Math accepts math challenges.WORD SEARCH1.
What seven-letter noun in the readingmeans “a general idea of what a thingor a group of things is”?_________________________c932. What ten-letter plural noun in thereading means “books or other sourcesof information”?_________________________r3. What eight-letter verb in the readingmeans “putting forward for someoneto take or refuse”?_________________________oWORDS IN CONTEXTCircle a letter to show the meaning of the boldface words in the sentences.1. Many Web sites provide FAQs to provide help quickly.a. Fast Accurate Quotesb.
Facts and Qualityc. Frequently Asked Questions2. If you can imagine a subject, you can find out about it on theInternet.a. international network of electronically connected computersb. a search engine such as www.yahoo.comc. Web pages with customized information3. Your question may be answered on the site’s message board.a. an organization’s list used for regular mailingsb. area on a Web site where users post comments and readthe comments of othersc. an educational chat room for regular users4. Some sites respond only within a certain time frame.a. date and time of day framed on the screenb. information about the time an event occurredc.
period of time during which something is planned to take place94HOMONYMSHomonyms are words that sound alike but have different meanings and sometimesdifferent spellings. Clue words are homonyms of words from the reading. Use wordsfrom the reading to complete the crossword puzzle.ACROSS3.4.6.7.sightstonoseaDOWN1.2.3.5.1knotweaksumewe2NW34S5T67YKSSYNONYMS AND ANTONYMSWrite S or A next to each word pair to show whether the words are synonyms (wordswith a similar meaning) or antonyms (words with opposite meanings).1. _____ submit / receive5. _____ frequently / rarely2.
_____ perhaps / maybe6. _____ require / need3. _____ respond / answer7. _____ expert / amateur4. _____ chosen / rejected8. _____ previous / earlierANALOGIESAnalogies are statements of relationship. Figure out the relationship between the firsttwo words. Then complete the analogy with a word from the reading that shows thesame relationship.1. Gymnasium is to gymas mathematics is to_________________________.3. Money is to budgetas time is to_________________________.2. Later is to subsequentlyas earlier is to_________________________.4. Send is to submitas reply is to_________________________.95UNIT 4Lesson 6SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSScience in the News: Monitoring VesuviusScientists agree about one thing:The world’s most famous volcanowill erupt again.
The only activevolcano on the mainland of Europe,Vesuvius is currently the subject of abitter dispute. One volcanologist saysthat state-of-the-art equipment willgive two or three weeks’ warningbefore a major eruption occurs.That would be enough time toevacuate the 700,000 people wholive on Vesuvius’s slopes.Another leading expert disagrees,however. He says that precursorsigns—such as increased seismicactivity and changes in the watertable—won’t save anybody.
Heinsists that such signs may beevident for months or even years inadvance of a big blow. He maintainsthat it’s impossible to pinpoint thetime of an eruption.And accordingto him, quicklyevacuating somany peopleis hopelessly impractical. Disasterplanners are closely monitoring thedebate.Looming over the Bay of Naples,Italy, Vesuvius is a catastrophewaiting to happen.In 79 A.D., a tremendous flow ofhot lava cascaded down themountain in convulsive waves. Thecity of Pompeii was buried alive inless than 48 hours.
Such an eruptiontoday would certainly reach thecoastal plain in six minutes, wipingout everything in its path. How toprepare for the inevitable is theonly question.WORD SEARCH1. What fourteen-letter plural nounin the reading names scientists whospecialize in the study of volcanoes?_____________________________v2. What seven-letter adjective in thereading describes an effect “causedby an earthquake or explosion”?_____________________________s963. What seven-letter adjective in the readingdescribes something that comes intosight in a sudden, frightening way?_____________________________lANTONYMSAntonyms are words with opposite meanings. Unscramble the words from thereading and write them next to their antonyms.1. SUMOAF4.
PINTONIP__________________ / unknown__________________ / guess2. TONGRINIOM5. TICAVE__________________ / ignoring__________________ / extinct3. NYCETRIAL6. TRIBET__________________ / doubtfully__________________ / mildSYNONYMSComplete the crossword puzzle withwords from the reading. Clues aresynonyms (words with a similarmeaning) of the answer words.123PD4SIACROSS3.5.6.8.argumentplain; clearexplodeenormous56E7ESDOWN1.2.4.7.topicforerunnerunavoidableindications8TD97WORDS IN CONTEXTCircle a letter to show the meaning of the boldface words. If you need help,check a dictionary.1. Lava and burning ashes cascaded down the mountain.a. exploded inall directionsb.
quickly flowedin large amountsc. mushroomed ina dark cloud2. Would residents have enough time to evacuate?a. immediately leavefor safety’s sakeb. board uptheir homesc. evaporate thehot lava3. Can state-of-the-art equipment warn of an eruption?a. finest instrumentsin the stateb. artisticrenderingsc.
most advancedtechnology4. Convulsive waves of lava completely buried Pompeii.a. curving outward,not inwardb. uncontrollablyjerky and shakyc. very denseand heavy5. On the mainland of Europe, Vesuvius is the only active volcano.a. not an islandor a peninsulab. most importantregionc. centrallylocatedWORD FORMSRewrite each boldface word from the reading in the form of an adjective or a noun.Check a dictionary if you’re not sure of the spelling.ADJECTIVE FORMNOUN FORM1. volcano ___________________1. active ___________________2.
catastrophe ___________________2. erupt __________________3. disaster ___________________3. occur ___________________98UNIT 4SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WORDSLesson 7Noise Pollution: How Loud Is Too Loud?Warnings about thedangers of air and waterpollution are frequentlyin the news. But noise pollution isalso a serious problem in the modernworld. City-dwellers are especiallyvulnerable since noise levels arehigher in urban areas.
Loud noisestresses the nerves in your ears. Ifthe excessively loud noise continuesfor a long time, your ears can bedamaged permanently.Did you know that the intensityof sound is measured in decibels(dB)? A very faint noise, such as thesound of human breathing, is about5 dB. If someone shouts in your ear,the sound level may reach 100 dB.Sound levels above 120 dB causephysical pain. At 140 dB, extremelyloud sound can break your eardrums,and at 180 dB, it can kill you! Hearingloss is common in people who workaround constantly thunderous,roaring, or shrieking sounds.Besides damaging your hearing,noise pollution can hurt you in otherways.
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