Volume 1 Basic Architecture (794100)
Текст из файла
Intel® 64 and IA-32 ArchitecturesSoftware Developer’s ManualVolume 1:Basic ArchitectureNOTE: The Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer'sManual consists of five volumes: Basic Architecture, Order Number253665; Instruction Set Reference A-M, Order Number 253666;Instruction Set Reference N-Z, Order Number 253667; SystemProgramming Guide, Part 1, Order Number 253668; System ProgrammingGuide, Part 2, Order Number 253669. Refer to all five volumes whenevaluating your design needs.Order Number: 253665-023USMay 2007INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT.
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCHPRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIEDWARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIESRELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANYPATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. INTEL PRODUCTS ARE NOT INTENDEDFOR USE IN MEDICAL, LIFE SAVING, OR LIFE SUSTAINING APPLICATIONS.Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice.Developers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved”or “undefined.” Improper use of reserved or undefined features or instructions may cause unpredictable behavior or failure in developer's software code when running on an Intel processor.
Intel reserves these features or instructions for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts orincompatibilities arising from their unauthorized use.The Intel® 64 architecture processors may contain design defects or errors known as errata. Current characterized errata are available on request.Hyper-Threading Technology requires a computer system with an Intel® processor supporting HyperThreading Technology and an HT Technology enabled chipset, BIOS and operating system. Performance willvary depending on the specific hardware and software you use. For more information, see http://www.intel.com/technology/hyperthread/index.htm; including details on which processors support HT Technology.Intel® Virtualization Technology requires a computer system with an enabled Intel® processor, BIOS, virtualmachine monitor (VMM) and for some uses, certain platform software enabled for it.
Functionality, performance or other benefits will vary depending on hardware and software configurations. Intel® VirtualizationTechnology-enabled BIOS and VMM applications are currently in development.64-bit computing on Intel architecture requires a computer system with a processor, chipset, BIOS, operating system, device drivers and applications enabled for Intel® 64 architecture.
Processors will not operate(including 32-bit operation) without an Intel® 64 architecture-enabled BIOS. Performance will vary depending on your hardware and software configurations. Consult with your system vendor for more information.Enabling Execute Disable Bit functionality requires a PC with a processor with Execute Disable Bit capabilityand a supporting operating system. Check with your PC manufacturer on whether your system delivers Execute Disable Bit functionality.Intel, Pentium, Intel Xeon, Intel NetBurst, Intel Core Solo, Intel Core Duo, Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2Extreme, Intel Pentium D, Itanium, Intel SpeedStep, MMX, and VTune are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placingyour product order.Copies of documents which have an ordering number and are referenced in this document, or other Intelliterature, may be obtained from:Intel CorporationP.O.
Box 5937Denver, CO 80217-9808or call 1-800-548-4725or visit Intel’s website at http://www.intel.comCopyright © 1997-2007 Intel CorporationCONTENTSPAGECHAPTER 1ABOUT THIS MANUAL1.1INTEL® 64 AND IA-32 PROCESSORS COVERED IN THIS MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2OVERVIEW OF VOLUME 1: BASIC ARCHITECTURE . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3.1Bit and Byte Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3.2Reserved Bits and Software Compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3.2.1Instruction Operands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3.3Hexadecimal and Binary Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3.4Segmented Addressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3.5A New Syntax for CPUID, CR, and MSR Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3.6Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4RELATED LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11-21-41-41-51-61-61-61-71-81-9CHAPTER 2INTEL® 64 AND IA-32 ARCHITECTURES2.1BRIEF HISTORY OF INTEL® 64 AND IA-32 ARCHITECTURE. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12.1.116-bit Processors and Segmentation (1978) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12.1.2The Intel® 286 Processor (1982) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12.1.3The Intel386™ Processor (1985) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22.1.4The Intel486™ Processor (1989) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 2-22.1.5The Intel® Pentium® Processor (1993) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22.1.6The P6 Family of Processors (1995-1999) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32.1.7The Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor Family (2000-2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42.1.8The Intel® Xeon® Processor (2001-2006). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42.1.9The Intel® Pentium® M Processor (2003-Current). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52.1.10The Intel® Pentium® Processor Extreme Edition (2005-2007). . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 2-52.1.11The Intel® Core™ Duo and Intel® Core™ Solo Processors (2006-Current). . . . . . . . . . . 2-52.1.12The Intel® Xeon® Processor 5100 Series and Intel® Core™2 Processor Family(2006-Current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62.2MORE ON SPECIFIC ADVANCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62.2.1P6 Family Microarchitecture . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-72.2.2Intel NetBurst® Microarchitecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-92.2.2.1The Front End Pipeline . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-112.2.2.2Out-Of-Order Execution Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122.2.2.3Retirement Unit . . . . . . . . .
Характеристики
Тип файла PDF
PDF-формат наиболее широко используется для просмотра любого типа файлов на любом устройстве. В него можно сохранить документ, таблицы, презентацию, текст, чертежи, вычисления, графики и всё остальное, что можно показать на экране любого устройства. Именно его лучше всего использовать для печати.
Например, если Вам нужно распечатать чертёж из автокада, Вы сохраните чертёж на флешку, но будет ли автокад в пункте печати? А если будет, то нужная версия с нужными библиотеками? Именно для этого и нужен формат PDF - в нём точно будет показано верно вне зависимости от того, в какой программе создали PDF-файл и есть ли нужная программа для его просмотра.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
