Л.Ш. Атабаева - Английский язык. Технические факультеты и специальности (1254789), страница 7
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IT professionals in the computer systems engineering are involved in the application of computer in a wide range of industrial control.Computer systems of this type require the design of special computer hardware, and the writing of specialized software to interact with the industrial36control systems. The third main area of interest is undertaking research intothe design of specialized hardware or software.Writing a computer program to carry out numerical simulations can bedaunting for those without experience in programming and numerical methods; even for those with experience, the drudgery of writing data entry,and the usual exasperation of debugging programs, may be enough to scuttlea simulation project.
Fortunately, today there are software packages to makesimulations not only easier but fun. To understand what simulation softwareis, it is important to understand the simulation software is different fromequation-solving ware. Simulation software allows the user to describe acomplex system in bits and pieces, to draw a block diagram of the systemon the computer screen, and to observe how the variables of the modelchange over time.4.4. Which word is similar in meaning to the underlined word in eachextract?1. … systems which collect, validate, store and report information from customers or other business transactions.a) to changeb) to make smth approvedc) to challenge2.
Writing a computer program …….. can be daunting for those withoutexperience ….a) discouragingb) stimulatingc) entertaining3. … even for those with experience, the drudgery of writing data entry ….a) important workb) work that needs greatc)hard boringaccuracywork4. … and the usual exasperation of debugging programs …a) much pleasureb) surprisec) extreme annoyance5. … may be enough to scuttle a simulation project.a) to move quicklyb) to enjoy a lotc) to improve6) … and observe how the variables of the model change over time.a) smth that changes fre- b) smth that is stablec) differencesquently4.5. Match the words to their definitions.a) gadget b) hardware c) appliance d) engine e) device f) equipment1. A machine, usually one that is electrical that is used for doing jobs in thehome, such as washing clothes or cooking food.372. All the special tools, machines that you need for a particular activity orpurpose.3.
A small rather unusual, and cleverly designed tool that is not really necessary but is useful because it allows you to do smth more easily.4. A small, usually simple, but very well-designed tool, that is very usefuland helpful, especially advanced electronic equipment.5. Computers and other machines connected to them.6. The part of a machine such as a car, train or plane that makes power frompetrol, steam etc and turns it into movement.4.6. Fill in the gaps with the words from 4.5.1. Many of the labour-saving _________ which we all take for granted today did not exist before the war.2.
Some brand new special _________ for post graduate use is available inthe laboratory.3. Every time I try to start the _________ of my car it makes the strangeknocking sound.4. Her kitchen was full of all the latest household ________ – electric canopeners, talking timers, etc.5. The growing complexity of computer __________ and operating systemsoften makes more likely to break down.6. Most homes now have numerous domestic ________, from dishwasher tomicrowave ovens.4.7. Choose the correct word from the box to complete the sentences.Increasingfrostgreenpresentlasting1. The ever-_________ demand for private cars could be decreased by moreinvestment in public transport.2. Bug is the ever-________ threat for any Internet user.3.
The leaves of ever________ trees are often shaped like needles.4. Their contributions to science have earned them an ever________ placein history.5. The climate in this area is severe and ever_______ does not allow thepopulation to grow vegetables.4.8. Some words in the text should not be there. Tick each correct line.If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word in thespace.38The Electronic AgeI recently learned how to use a computer, and I have many friendswho they play computer games at home.However, although recently I have begun to worrythat in nowadays we rely too much on electronic gadgets.Once before people managed to write and think usingtheir brains, but now many people have become soaccustomed to using machines, so that they can‟t doanything without them.
There are many people whothey depend on electronic gadgets completely. Foran instance, many of my friends sit at home in theevening and watch television, and instead of goingout so to meet people. I think that this makes everyonefeel more lonely, even though they learn a lot aboutpeople all over in the world. Of course there are manyelectronic gadgets that save us time, though not allof them are really necessary. I am in favour of somegadgets, but I am against of having everything in lifedepending on pushing a button.1) they2)_____3)_____4)_____5)_____6)_____7)_____8)_____9)_____10)____11)____12)____13)____14)____15)____16)____Unit 5Before you read5.1. Decide whether the statements are true or false.1. The world population will double by the year 2600.2. Earth is far from being the most favoured planet in the solar system.3.
Human DNA is impossible to change.4. No government can prevent genetic engineering on humans.5. Electronic systems will never be more complex than biological ones.6. If people are intelligent enough they can design computers that are moreintelligent than humans.7. Professor Stephen Hawking is sure that any aliens will consider our planet to be advanced.5.2. Read the text and check your answers.39A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FUTUREWill we colonise the universe? Are aliens out there? Can computers outsmart us? In a unique interview, Professor Stephen Hawking, who has spenta lifetime applying his formidable intellect to the big questions, gives hispredictions for the human race.In Cambridge University‟s Department of Applied Mathematics andTheoretical Physics Hawking holds the professorial chair once held by IsaacNewton.
He tells us what he thinks the future has in store for the humanrace.If the world population continues to grow at its present rate – doublingevery 40 years – there isn‟t going to be enough room for us all on Earth bythe year 2600. So will we be able to spread out to other planets?“We shall probably manage a manned or, should I say, personned, flightto Mars in the next century. But Earth is by far the most favoured planet inthe solar system.
Mars is small, cold and without much atmosphere, and theother planets are quite unsuitable for human beings. We either have to learnto live in space stations or travel to the next star. We won‟t do that in thenext century.”Will we humans keep on changing, or will we eventually reach an ultimate level of development and knowledge?“In the next 100 years or even in the next twenty, we may discover acomplete theory of the basic laws of the universe, but there will be no limitto the complexity of biological or electronic systems we can build underthese laws. By far the most complex systems we have are our own bodies.There haven‟t been any significant changes in human DNA in the past10,000 years.
But soon we will be able to increase the complexity of ourinternal record, our DNA, without having to wait for the slow process ofbiological evolution. It is likely that we will be able to redesign it completely in the next 1,000 years – by increasing our brain size, for example. Ofcourse, many will say genetic engineering on humans will be banned but Irather doubt that they will be able to prevent it. Genetic engineering onplants and animals will be allowed for economic reasons and someone isbound to try it on humans – unless we have a totalitarian world order,someone will improve humans somewhere.“We need to become more complex if biological systems are to keepahead of electronic ones. At the moment computers have an advantage ofspeed but they show no sign of intelligence.
This is not surprising as ourpresent computers are less complex than the brain of an earthworm, a spe40cies not known for its intellectual powers. But computers‟ speed and complexity double every eighteen months and this will probably continue untilcomputers have a similar complexity to the human brain.”Will computers ever show true intelligence, whatever that might be?“It seems to me that if very complicated chemical molecules can operatein humans to make them intelligent, then equally complicated electroniccircuits can also make computers act in an intelligent way.
And if they areintelligent, they can presumably design computers that have even greaterintelligence and complexity.”Will we make contact with aliens in the next millennium?“Even if life developed in other stellar systems, the chances of catchingit at a recognizably human stage are very small. Any alien life we encounterwill be much more primitive or much more advanced than us. And if it ismore advanced why hasn‟t it spread through the galaxy and visited Earth? Itcould be that there is an advanced race out there which is aware of our existence but it is leaving us to stew in our own primitive juices.
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