Л.Ш. Атабаева - Английский язык. Технические факультеты и специальности (1254789), страница 9
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_________ and 3.__________ degrees in the field of Automation and Control.Automation and Control is a 4. _______of science and technologywhich 5. _________ an aggregate of facilities, 6. _________, and techniques for human activity created for automatic control of 7. _________lines and processes, mobile objects, off-line multivariable engineering, administrative, financial, and other systems.Information, databases, local computer network, algorithm, feedback,optimization, and adaptation are the key ideas of the modern science of control and 8.
________, computers, electronic and microprocessor devices,automatic controllers are the basic concepts of automatic control technology. These components form the 9. _______________.Major 10. ________ taught are: Higher Mathematics and AdvancedCalculus; Physics; Information Science and Programming; 11.
________and Circuit Engineering ; 12. ___________ and Computer Technology;Automatic Control Theory and Simulation; Information Technologies; Design of Automatics Systems and Facilities; 13. __________and Mathematical Modeling; Statistical Estimation.1.11. What do these dates refer to?1994196119584719661963Grammar revision1.12. Find the Perfect Active and Passive forms in each line.1.
a) are determining, b) determined, c) has been determined2. a) have furnished, b) is being furnished, c) furnish3. a) turn, b) were turning, c) has turned4. a) is meeting, b) will have met, c) are being met5. a) had refused, b) refused, c) refuse6. a) had been offered, b) offered, c) shall offer7. a) was discovered, b) has been discovered, c) discovers8. a) are following, b) will follow, c) had been followed1.13.
Match the correspondent forms of the verbs.to writegaveto speakmetto goleftto seeread [e]to bewentto givesawto leavespoketo read [i:]wroteto meetwas/werewrittenleftread[e]givenmetspokengonebeenseen1.14. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the appropriate tense aspect forms.1. This book (to write) by Gubarev V. V. in 2005.2. The faculty (to offer) Bachelor‟s and Master‟s degrees.3. I‟m (to study) at the faculty now.4. After graduating from the university, she (to start) working for Microsoft Company.5.
Students (to give) an opportunity to obtain the most up-to-dateknowledge in the area chosen.6. We (to study) at this faculty for three years.7. The results of my examinations (to know) tomorrow.8. Since 1994 the Faculty (to locate) in the seventh teaching block.9. She (to use) a computer without asking her teacher again.10. By the end of June we (to study) at the faculty for a year.Speaking1.15. Discuss the main ideas of the text in class.48Unit 2Before you read2.1. Read the following words, pay attention to their pronunciation:antiquitytechnologymechanical calculatorexpertmachinemathematicalpredecessor2.2.
Match the words to their Russian equivalents1. field of studya) перфокарточная машина, выч. счѐтно-аналитическая машина2. antiquityb) в начальной стадии, в начале; в ис3. become availableходном положении4. abacusc)математическийрасчѐт5. constraind)бытьвстадииразвития6. initiallye) предшественник; предок;7. applicationf) применение8. punch-card machine9. mathematical calculation g) разностная машинаh) стать доступным10. to be in developmentali) область исследованияstagesj) античность11. predecessork) счѐты12.
difference enginel) ограничивать13. predatem) предшествовать во времени, появить14. mechanical calculatorся раньше чего –либоn) механический вычислитель; механический вычислительный прибор2.3. Think of some famous people and their contribution to computerscience. Read the text and say what new names and facts you havefound.ON HISTORY OF COMPUTER SCIENCEThe early foundations of what would become computer science predatethe invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculatingfixed numerical tasks, such as the abacus, have existed since antiquity.
Wil49helm Schickard built the first mechanical calculator in 1623.Charles Babbage designed a difference engine in Victorian times helped by Ada Lovelace. Around 1900, punch-card machines were introduced. However, all ofthese machines were constrained to perform a single task, or at best somesubset of all possible tasks.During the 1940s, as newer and more powerful computing machineswere developed, the term computer referred to the machines rather thantheir human predecessors.
As it became clear that computers could be usedfor more than just mathematical calculations, the field of computer sciencebroadened to study computation in general. Computer science became a distinct academic discipline in the 1950s and early 1960s.The first computerscience degree program in the United States was formed at Purdue University in 1962. Since practical computers became available, many applicationsof computing have become distinct areas of study in their own right.Although many initially believed it was impossible that computersthemselves could actually be a scientific field of study, in the late fifties itgradually became accepted among the greater academic population.
It is thenow well-known IBM brand that formed part of the computer science revolution during this time. IBM (short for International Business Machines)released the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709 computers, which were widelyused during the exploration period of such devices. "Still, working with theIBM [computer] was frustrating if you had misplaced as much as one letterin one instruction, the program would crash, and you would have to start thewhole process over again". During the late 1950s, the computer science discipline was very much in its developmental stages, and such issues werecommonplace.Time has seen significant improvements in the usability and effectiveness of computer science technology.
Modern society has seen a significantshift from computers being used solely by experts or professionals to a morewidespread user base.Vocabulary development2.4. Make up possible word combinations.1.2.3.4.to predatedistinctto introduceexplorationa.b.c.d.50populationaccepteddisciplinefield of study5.6.7.8.9.10.to becometo be in developmentalto seescientificsignificant(2)academic(2)e.f.g.h.i.j.k.l.shiftperiodpunch card machinesareas of studystagesimprovementsacceptedthe invention of smth2.5.
Find the synonyms to the following words in the text1. count2. restrict3. problem4. ancestor5. develop6. conventional7. research8. use(n)9. subject(n)10. precede2.6. Match the words in A to the definitions in BAB1. applicationa. someone who has a special skill or specialknowledge of a subject, gained as a result oftraining or experience2. abacusb. when you use numbers in order to find out anamount, price, or value3. inventionc.
a frame with small balls that can be slid alongon thick wires, used for counting and calculating4. technologyd. practical purpose for which a machine, idea etccan be used, or a situation when this is used5. computer science e. new machines, equipment, and ways of doingthings that are based on modern knowledgeabout science and computers516. calculationf.a useful study of computers, their design, andtheir uses for computation, data processing, andsystems control, including design and development of computer hardware and software, andprogramming.machine, tool, instrument etc that has been invented7.
expert2.7. Use the words from 1.6 to complete the sentences:1. Fortran is still used today for programming scientific and mathematical………….. .2. The ……………. of Fortran began a $24 million dollar computer software industry and began the development of other high level programming languages.3. Back in the DOS days I was …………… on linking Fortran to Assembly language.4. Once all the necessary ……………… have been made the experimentcan proceed.5. In ……………… one learns how to write programs that can performcertain tasks6. Having a solid education and specific specialty certifications is the bestway to progress in an ………………… career.7. Make an …………….. and write a report about its usefulness in terms ofplace value and computationGrammar revision2.8. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of thewords in italics1.
invent, inventor, inventiona. William Seward Burroughs ………….. the first practical addingand listing machine.b. Nevertheless, the layout of the computer keyboard still owes its origin to the ..…………of the first typewriter, Christopher LathamSholes who also invented the QWERTY layout.c.
We are more ready to try the untried when what we do is inconsequential. Hence the fact that many ………….. had their birth astoys. (Eric Hoffer )522. improve, improvementa. At sixteen Blaise Pascal wrote an essay on conic sections; and in1641, at the age of eighteen, he constructed the first arithmeticalmachine, an instrument which, eight years later, he further………… .b.
Some other early computer makers found it easy to design………………. that created a better machine.c. Soon the functionality of calculators………………. beyond simplearithmetic operations.3. develop, developer, developmenta. The very first graphical user interface was ………………. by theXerox Corporation at their Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) inthe 1970s.b. With the 1984 Apple Macintosh Steve Jobs made sure ..................created software for the new Macintosh Computer.c. A few key technological ……………… created the transition of thetypewriter into the computer keyboard.4.
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