Л.Ш. Атабаева - Английский язык. Технические факультеты и специальности (1254789), страница 10
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calculate, calculator, calculationa. One of the most difficult aspects of doing a large ……………..with either a slide rule or a mechanical adding machine is keepingtrack of all intermediate results.b. Burroughs‟ company mostly made ……………… for banking systems, but when the company was renamed the Burroughs Corporation in 1953 it began moving into computers.c. Using heron's formula we ………….. the area of the triangle.2.9. Translate the sentences paying attention to the use of the Infinitive.1. It was also clear to him that the machines should work in the binarynumber system, because he wanted to construct his computers using binaryswitching elements.2.
It was also very expensive to reconstruct all the pieces of the machine.3. Although a powerful language, it was felt to be too complex in itssyntax, and inadequate for all of Java's requirements.4. You can use any text editor to create and edit source files.5. Applesoft was easy to use because it was interactive. The disadvantage was a lack of more powerful commands, and it could be difficult tocreate large and complex programs.536. To make portability between various different computers possible,UCSD Pascal programs were compiled into a specialized code called "Pcode".7. This makes it possible to pass complex object hierarchies to a C coderwho thinks computer science has made no worthwhile advancements sincethe invention of the pointer.(Gordon McMillan)8.
Many inventions would have to be reviewed by engineers to makesure they are safe.9. C ++ makes it easy to shoot yourself in the foot. C++ makes it harder,but when you do, you blow away your whole leg! (Bjarne Stroustrup)2.10.
Translate the following sentences into English:1. Счѐты существовали со времѐн античности.2. Вильгельм Шикард создал первый механический калькулятор.3. Вычислительная техника стала учебной дисциплиной в 50-ыхгодах 20 столетия.4. В начале 20-го века была изобретена счѐтно-перфорационнаямашина.5. Если вы ошибались в одной букве, то программа давала сбой.6.
В начале 50-ых годов вычислительная техника была на начальной стадии развития.7. С течением времени компьютеры значительно усовершенствовались.Comprehension2.11. Mark each statement as T (True), F (False) or N (Not Mentioned).1. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks, such as the abacus, haveexisted since antiquity.2. Wilhelm Schickard built the first mechanical calculator in 1180.3. Charles Babbage designed a difference engine in Victorian times helpedby Ada Lovelace.4.
The IBM 024 Card Punch and IBM 026 Printing Card Punch were announced in 1949.5. During the 1940s, as newer and more powerful computing machineswere developed.6. The field of computer science did not broaden to study computation ingeneral.7. Computer science became a distinct academic discipline in the 1970s andearly 1980s.548.IBM released the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709 computers, whichwere widely used during the exploration period of such devices.9.
Unsatisfied with the reliability of the binary switching metal sheetsused in the Z1, Konrad Zuse next constructed the Z2 computer.10. Modern society has seen a significant shift from computers being usedsolely by experts or professionals to a more widespread user base.2.12. Answer the following questions1. What machines for calculating have been known since antiquity?2. Who was the first to have built the mechanical calculator?3. When were punch-card machines introduced?4. Where was the first computer science programme formed?5.
Could computers perform many tasks?6. When did computer science become a distinct academic discipline?7. What companies participated in computer revolution?Speaking2.13. Make a report on history of computer scienceUnit 3Before you read3.1. Work in pairs or small groups. What do you know about the complex protection of information objects ?3.2. Read the text, compare your ideas with the information given, andwrite some questions as a plan to summarise this text.COMPLEX PROTECTION OF INFORMATION OBJECTSComputers, computer networks of information systems, telecommunications are information objects. These objects need the complex protection.Complex protection includes all methods of information protection, organizational, legal and technical protection, including program and hardware methods.The specialists of complex protection need to know well informationtechnologies.
Therefore students learn programming, computer hardware,administration of computer networks and information systems.55Information systems include big operation systems, for example, Windows, Linux and UNIX.Software and hardware methods are used to support the confidentialityand authenticity of the data in computer networks, databases, the telecommunication and mobile systems. These systems are based on the cryptographic algorithms.The students also study architecture of the basic families of microcontrollers, programming languages and means of programs debugging.The questions of creation and application protection systems occupy aspecial place in the training of students.
The intellectual protection systemsuse algorithms of person biometric identification, based on finger prints,human voice and on the graphic image.Specialists of complex protection can deal with such issues as:1) Experimental – research activity:a) The investigation of physical influence on the information processesin the protected objects.b) The study of canals of informational leakage.c) Carrying out contrastive information analyses received after researches and tests.2) Operational activityThe graduates work as engineers in various spheres, for example, in security firms.Vocabulary1.
legal2. micro nuclear3. confidentiality4. authenticity5. database6. debugging7. application program8. occupy9. microcontrollers10. probability11. news leak12. contrastiveправовоймикроядерныйконфиденциальностьподлинностьбаза данныхотладкаприложение, прикладная программазанимать местомикроконтроллерывероятностьутечка информациисопоставительный56Vocabulary development3.3. Match the words below to make word partners.1. operationa. networks2. computerb. algorithms3. studentsc. prints4. complexd. system5.
biometrice. languages6. programmingf. activity7. researchg. protection8. fingerh. trainingComprehension3.4. Are the following statements true or false?1) Information systems are information objects.2) Specialists of complex protection need to know well history, philosophy and principles of psychology.3) Software and hardware methods can‟t support the confidentiality andauthenticity of the data.4) The graduates of the faculty in this specialty work in various fields.5) The specialists of complex protection can‟t carry out contrastive information analysis, because it‟s not their sphere of activity.3.5. Answer the questions on the text.1) What methods does complex protection include?2) Why do the specialists need to know well information technologies?3) What main operation systems do you know?4) How do the intellectual protection systems use algorithms of personalbiometric identification?5) Where can the graduates work?Grammar revision3.6.
Open the brackets using an appropriate form of the verb.1) The specialists of complex protection (to solve) different problems atthe moment.2) The specialists (to discuss) the canals of informational leakage at themeeting yesterday.3) Information objects (to need) the complex protection.4) The students (to study) programming language for two years.5) Intellectual systems (to use) databases.573.7. Translate into English1. Факультет готовит квалифицированных специалистов, и каждыйстудент может легко выбрать область своей специализации.2. Студенты учатся профессионально использовать и обслуживатьсовременное оборудование, чтобы эффективно применять его в своейисследовательской и практической деятельности.3. Студентам АВТФ предоставляется возможность получить самыесовременные знания в выбранной области.4.
Выпускники, имеющие степень магистра или диплом инженера,могут поступить в аспирантуру и получить ученую степень кандидатанаук.5. Студенты, специализирующиеся в области защиты информации,обучаются 5 лет, и после окончания университета смогут работать всфере информационной безопасности.6. В соответствии с многоуровневой системой образования, введенной на факультете, студентам, успешно окончившим курс обучения, присуждается степень бакалавра, магистра или диплом инженера.3.8. Open the brackets using the active or passive tense forms.1) Computers, computer networks information systems, telecommunications (to call) information objects.2) Algorithms of person biometric identification (to use) in the intellectual protection systems.3) The specialists of complex protection carry out contrastive information analysis which (to receive) after researches and tests.4) Software and hardware methods (to use) to support the confidentialityand authenticity of the data in computer networks, databases and the telecommunication and mobile systems.5) The specialists of complex protection (to need) to know informationtechnologies.Speaking3.9.
Summarise the main ideas of the text.58Unit 4Before you read4.1. Discuss these questions with your partner.1. What is biomedical engineering?2. Where can students work after graduating from this departament?3. What science is connected with biomedical engineering?4.2. Read the text and then make a list of terms which are new for you.WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING?Biomedical engineering (BME) is the application of engineeringprinciples and techniques to the medical field. It combines the design andproblem solving skills of engineering with medical and biological sciencesto improve healthcare diagnosis and treatment.Biomedical engineering is the study of medical equipment used in anenvironment of care or physiological training and how this equipmentinterfaces or physically interacts with the human body.Biomedical engineering has only recently emerged as its own discipline,compared to many other engineering fields; this evolution is common as anew field transitions from being aninterdisciplinary specialization amongalready-established fields, to beingconsidered as a field in itself.Much of the work in biomedicalengineering consists of research anddevelopment, spanning a broad array ofsubfields.Prominentbiomedicalengineering applications include thedevelopment of biocompatible prosthesis,various diagnostic and therapeuticmedical devices ranging from clinicalequipment to micro-implants, common imaging equipment such as MRIsand EEGs, biotechnologies such as regenerative tissue growth, andpharmaceutical drugs and biopharmaceuticals.Biomedical engineers design, test, modify, recommend modification of,and evaluate all medical equipment used to interface or interact with thehuman body.
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