Л.Ш. Атабаева - Английский язык. Технические факультеты и специальности (1254789), страница 12
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to teach7. to establishg. modern8. to trainh. treatment9. to receivei. main10. plantj. area11. leadingk. to set-up12. up-to-datel. construction1.4. Match the following words with their definitionsa) machine b) mechanics c) tool d) staff e) designf) laboratory g) workshop h) plant1. _________ is something that you hold in your hand and use to do aparticular job.652.
_________ is a piece of equipment that uses power such as electricity to do a particular job.3. _________ is the science that deals with the effect of forces on objects.4. _________ is a special room or building where scientists test andprepare substances5. _________ is a factory that makes cars, machines, equipment etc.6.
_________ are people who work for a particular company, organization or institute.7. _________ is a room or a building where things are made usingmachines8. _________ is the process of deciding how something will be made,how it will work and look.1.5. Find the following key words and word combinations in paragraphs 1 –4. Each paragraph contains 5 words or word combinations./work as/ /was established/ /well-equipped workshops/ /incorporate//graduates/ /up-to-date computers/ /manufacturing process/ /demand//broad education/ /receive training/ /machine tools/ /was set up/ /largescale enterprises/ /staff/ /technical treatment/ /was branched off//specialize in/ /undergo industrial training/ /material science/ /was renamed/Grammar revision1.6.
Choose the correct verb in brackets and answer the following questions1. When (did/ does/ was) the faculty established?2. Why ( were/ was/ did) the faculty renamed in 1998?3. How many faculties (---/ does/ is) the faculty incorporate?4. What degrees (does/ ---/ is} the faculty award?5. What teaching facilities ( is / do / does) the faculty provide the studentswith?6. Where (are/ do / ---) students undergo industrial training?7.
What (---/ does / is) allows students to find a good job?Speaking1.7. Speak on the topic The Faculty of Mechanics and Technology usingexercises 1.2 and 1.566Unit 22.1. Read the text and state whether the following sentences aretrue(T)or false(F)1. Mechanical engineering is concerned with building houses, palaces, pyramids and other structures (T/F)2. Mechanical engineering branched off civil engineering with the invention of the steam engine. (T/F)3. Mechanical engineering is closely connected with all branches of engineering using electricity. (T/F)4.
Steam turbine is the example of prime mover. (T/F)5. The creation of “unmanned” industries will increase the service life ofmachines. (T/F)6. Strengthening treatment will allow to increase productivity several times.(T/F)7. The term “engineering” was known many thousands years ago. (T/F)THE HISTORY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGEngineering is a science which deals with design, construction and operation of structures, machines, engines and other devices used in industryand everyday life. The term “engineering” is a modern one. However the artof building houses, palaces, pyramids and other structures was known as farback as many thousands years ago. Now we call it “civil engineering”.
Astime went on the art of civil engineering was enriched with new achievements of science and technology. With the invention of the steam engineand the growth of factories a number of civil engineers became interested inthe practical application of the science of mechanics and thermodynamics tothe design of machines. Mechanical engineering has been recognized as aseparate branch of engineering since the formation of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers of Great Britain in 1847.The development of the textile machinery, turbines, machine tools,pumping machinery and locomotives of that time made such a diversity interest.
Mechanical engineering deals with machines and devices of all kindsand with research and science upon which they depend. Among these machines are prime movers such as engines and turbines using air, gas, steamand water as operating media; pumping machines and other hydraulic apparatus; steam boilers, heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigerating67equipment, transportation structures used in aviation; automotive engineering, railroads and ships, machine tools, special machines for industry andfor construction of buildings, railroads and harbors. In fact, mechanical engineers enter into the work of all engineers in other branches of engineering.The scientific and technological progress will continue in engineeringalong two main headlines.
Firstly, it is automation, including the creation of“unmanned” industries. Secondly, raising the reliability and extending theservice life of machines. This certainly requires new technology. Intensework is being carried out on new robots which can identify objects, theirposition in space, etc. A promising reserve in increasing the life of parts isstrengthening treatment.
In recent years new highly efficient methods havebeen found. In the shortest time possible the engineers are to start producingnew generations of machines and equipment which would allow manufactures to increase productivity several times and to find a way for the application of advanced technologies. First is the vacuum plasma methods forcoating components with hard alloy compounds, such as nitrides and carbides of titanium, tungsten and boron.Vocabulary development2.2.
Match the English words to their Russian equivalents.1 steam enginea насос2 prime moverb срок годности3 pumping machinec паровой двигатель4 reliabilityd применение5 service lifee повышениемеханическихсвойств6 applicationf первичный двигатель, тягач7 strengtheningg надежность2.3. Read the following international words and check their pronunciation in a dictionary.thermodynamicshydraulicventilatingrefrigeratingtransportationautomationstructurepyramidturbinetextileidentifyefficient682.4.
Match the following words with their definitionsturbine/ boiler/ refrigerator/ productivity/ engine/ ventilator/ hydraulic/pump1. ______ is a machine with moving parts that uses fuel to produce movement2. ______ is a piece of equipment for making a liquid or gas move into orout of smth.3. ______ is a machine that heats water and provides hot water for a heating system.4. ______ means using of water or oil to make a machine work.5. ______ is a machine that brings fresh air into a room or a building.6.
______ is a machine that keeps food or drinks cold.7. ______ is the rate at which goods are produced.8. ______ is a machine that uses the pressure of liquid or gas on a wheel toget power.2.5. Complete the following sentences and translate them1. Engineering deals with …2. With the invention of the steam engine and the growth of factories …3. Mechanical engineering has been recognized as a separate branch of engineering since …4.
Mechanical engineering is concerned with …5. The scientific and technological progress will go on …6. Raising reliability requires …7. New generations of machines and equipment would allow …Speaking2.6. Speak on the topic Mechanical Engineering and Machine Building.(200 – 250 words). Make use of the following plan.1. The History.2. Spheres of useage.3. Further development.Unit 33.1. Read the text and answer the questions:1) What are metals and what do we call metallurgy?2) Why are most metals dense?3) Why are metals malleable?694)5)6)7)What are grains?What is alloying?What is crystalline structure?What changes the size of grains in metals?METALSMetals are materials most widely used in industry because of their properties.
The study of the production and properties of metals is known as metallurgy.The separation between the atoms in metals is small, so most metals aredense. The atoms are arranged regularly and can slide over each other. Thatis why metals are malleable ( can be deformed and bent without fracture )and ductile ( can be drawn into wire ). Metals vary greatly in their properties. For example, lead is soft and can be bent by hand, while iron can onlybe worked by hammering at red heat.The regular arrangement of atoms in metals gives them a crystallinestructure. Irregular crystals are called grains. The properties of metals depend on the size, shape, orientation, and composition of these grains.
Ingeneral, a metal with small grains will be harder and stronger than one withcoarse grains.Heat treatment controls the nature of the grains and their size in themetal. Small amounts of other metals (less than 1 per cent) are often addedto a pure metal. This is called alloying (легирование) and it changes thegrain structure and properties of metals.All metals can be formed by drawing, rolling, hammering and extrusion,but some require hot-working.
Metals are subject to metal fatigue and tocreep (the slow increase in length under stress) causing deformation andfailure. Both effects are taken into account by engineers when designing, forexample, airplanes, gas-turbines, and pressure vessels for high-temperaturechemical processes. Metals can be worked using machine-tools.The ways of working a metal depend on its properties.
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