ВКР Семенова Ю. (1223970), страница 12

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4.1. Настоящее Положение вступает в силу с момента его утверждения Общим собранием членов Партнерства.

4.2. Не противоречащие законодательству РФ и Уставу Партнерства изменения вносятся в настоящее Положение Советом Партнерства и вступают в силу с момента утверждения на Общем собрании членов Партнерства.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ Д

Раздел 1

Международный туризм и его роль для российской экономики

Студент гр. 340 Ю. Н. Семенова

Консультант кафедры «Иностранные языки и межкультурная коммуникация»

Преподаватель Н.А. Тимошенко

1. International tourism and its role to the Russian economy

1.1 The essence of international tourist activity, its types

Tourism industry is one of the most developing sectors of global economy. There are a lot of new types of tourism which contribute to supplement the budget at the meso and macro levels, create new jobs, raise the level of education of the population and meet their needs for self-development.

According to the Federal Law of 24 November 1994 ‘On bases of tourist activity in the Russian Federation’ tourism is a temporary departure (trip) of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons with permanent residence in the medical and sanitary, recreational, educational, physical culture and sports, professional and business, religious and other purposes without engaging in activities related to the receipt of income from sources in the country (place) of temporary stay.

The law considers the tourist activity to be rather limited, the range of its main participants is also limited.

Tourist activity is activity of tour operators and travel agencies, and other activities for travel organization.

Consequently, the main participants of tourist activity are tour operators and travel agents, i.e. enterprises which engage in activities of tour operators and travel agencies.

A tour operator is a tourist company (organization), engaged in the production of a tourist package.

Tour operators purchase tourist products (seats on airplanes, hotel rooms), bundled packages of tourist services and sell them directly or indirectly to various consumers (tourists) in order to profit.

The main functions of a tour operator are:

1. To investigate the needs of potential customers on tours.

2. To form maintenance programs, tours and their introduction to the market in order to identify and meet the needs of tourists.

3. The conclusion of agreements (contracts) with the following service providers:

– hotel organization – to provide places of residence to tourists;

– catering enterprises – to provide food to tourists;

– transport companies – to provide transport services for tourists;

– excursion firms, museums, parks and other institutions – to provide tour excursion service;

– companies that provide domestic services – to provide relevant tourist services;

– managers of theaters, theater companies – for visiting;

– manual of reserves, landscape gardening, hunting and fishing activities – to provide visitors recreation and service in such areas;

– the local municipal authorities – for public relations of the business.

4. The calculation of the cost of a tour and the determination of the price considering the market situation. The establishment of tariffs and prices for services for a complete tour of different composition.

5. Provision of tourists traveling on the routes of the tour, all the necessary advertising and souvenir materials, special equipment and inventory.

6. Preparation, selection and appointment of routes personnel who perform the functions of the contact with tourists, coordination and monitoring of the maintenance programs.

7. Advertising Information activities for the promotion of a tourist product to consumers.

8. Promotion and implementation of tours to consumers through travel agencies.

9. Monitoring the reliability and quality of service.

10. Permanent operative communication with tourists during the tour, addressing emerging issues.

Travel agents are an intermediary organization that sells tours of a tour operator, working directly on the tourist market with tourists and receiving a commission. What kind of tour and tour operator a client chooses depends largely on a travel agent.

Travel agency (travel agent, tourist agent) - an enterprise or an individual acting as the retail sale of single tourist services and tours for consumer-tourists or corporate clients.

The main objectives of a travel agency are:

1. Reliable and complete coverage of leisure opportunities and travelling through all available tours, resorts, tourist centers.

2. Promotion of the information through advertising.

3. Organization of tourist product’s sale in accordance with the modern methods of commerce and using the specifics and peculiarities of the tourist market.

There are three types of tourism: domestic, inbound and outbound tourism.

Domestic tourism includes residents of a country (region), traveling in their own country (region).

Outbound tourism is travel of residents of a country (region) in other countries (regions).

Inbound tourism is arrival and travel in a country (region) of persons who are not its citizens (residents of the region).

These types of tourism are differently combined and form the following categories of tourism:

– tourism within the country includes domestic and inbound tourism;

– national tourism includes domestic and outbound tourism;

– international tourism includes inbound and outbound tourism.

International tourism is one of the fastest growing types of tourism. It impacts on the development of socio-economic and political relations between countries through the expansion of tourist flows, impacts on their economic development, promotes mutual cultural enrichment. Therefore, there is an objective to research characteristics of the organization of international tourist activity as a complex phenomenon of the modern world economy.

International tourist activity is a system of travel and exchanges which is carried out on the basis of international treaties with the existing international standards.

International tourist right is a branch of law that regulates relations between countries in the field of international tourism. It is an aggregate of principles and rules that regulates the international tourist activity of the state to meet the wide range of cultural and spiritual needs of the people and determines the relations of partnership and co-operation of international and national organizations in the sphere of tourism and international travel.

Legal regulation of the international tourist activity is carried out on a multilateral basis within the framework of the United Nations, which is charged with the primary task of international cooperation in solving problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character.

The main functions of the state regulation in the field of tourism are:

– determination of priority directions of development of both domestic and international tourism;

– assistance in the promotion of a tourist product in the domestic and international tourist markets;

– creation of favorable conditions for the development of tourism industry;

– interaction with foreign states and international organizations in the sphere of tourism.

Contract-agreement relationships at the international level are regulated by the following basic documents:

– International Convention on Travel Contracts;

– Provision of tourist contracts and exchange;

– Agreement on the unification of the basic rules of international air transport;

– Geneva Convention on the International Carriage of Passengers and luggage.

Agreement is the basic document in the field of tourism. Tourist agreement is concluded between tour operators and travel agents, between tour operators and clients, between travel agents and clients, between tour operators and service providers.

The most common types of contracts are:

1. The sales contract concluded between a tour operator or a travel agent and a customer. The contract specifies the direction of travel, the terms and conditions of its implementation, rights, duties and responsibilities of the parties, the price of the product, the actions of the parties in case of force majeure.

2. An agency agreement concluded between a tour operator or a travel agent. According to the contract, the commercial agent as a self–employed commercial intermediary, undertakes the continuing obligation to negotiate the sale or the purchase of goods or even conclude such transactions in the name and on behalf of the principal, in exchange for a commission.

3. The General Agreement concluded between the major tourist, transport companies, hotel organizations, tour desk for directions and forms of cooperation.

4. The franchise contract concluded between a franchise company, a tour operator and other tour operators or travel agents. Under a franchise agreement, all rights and privileges on the tours sale is transferred to the second party.

5. Vouchers (tourist voucher) is an individual or group form of contract between suppliers and consumers, establishes the rights of tourist services that are part of a tour.

6. Additional documents in tourism – a transport business documents, filled on the official letterhead of the group and give the right to travel on any mode of transport, or the several views.

7. The head of a group has tourist documents: book-confirmation, itinerary, vouchers with a detachable voucher for transportation, accommodation and dining, travel documents.

International tourist activity develops under the influence of three main factors: demographic, economic, social.

1. Demographic factors:

– growth of world population and urbanization, leading to concentration of population in urban areas;

– globalization and the development of mass media (radio, television, the Internet) contribute to the increase of interest in people from different countries;

– the development of tourism and hospitality industry worldwide, using the latest tools contribute to the growth of tourist flows, even in distant countries and regions.

2. Economic factors:

– the overall development of the world economy contribute to the production of services and to increase in the share of consumption of services;

– the introduction of scientific and technical progress in all branches of the service sector and transport;

– the growth of incomes.

3. Social factors:

– raising the level of education of the population in different countries;

– studying of foreign languages;

– interest to other peoples and their culture.

International tourist activity is manifested in different phenomena, connections and relations that determine the need for its classification, i.e. groups of individual homogeneous signs that depend on specific practical purposes.

The most common evidence which classified the types of international tourist activity are:

1. Purpose of Travel:

– leisure and recreation – these trips include a variety of entertainment programs, sightseeing tours related to the study of national culture of the host country;

– medical– tourism with medical and health purposes;

– business – tourists who comes for business purposes, spend most of the time at meetings or business meetings;

– education – traveling with the purpose of training, skills development;

– religious– includes a visit to the holy places for the worship of relics, familiarity with religious monuments, the history of religion;

–ethnic – travel to visit relatives, places of birth and residence of relatives.

2. Type of offer:

– individual – tourists-individuals organize the tour themselves;

– group– the tour is organized by tour companies according to a predetermined route and the program, with a preliminary reservation of seats in the means of accommodation and transport;

– a comprehensive service – tourists buy a tour package, which includes a set of services for the tour price;

– all Inclusive– a special type of accommodation services, including a full set of one price hotel and restaurant services;

– VIP – suggests an increased level of service (and higher prices).

Характеристики

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