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Причиной тому, вопервых, являются различия в социальных нормах. Например, в ЗападнойАфрикеценности,связанныесдобросовестнымнесениемгосударственной службы и служением общественным интересам оченьразмыты.Этогосударств,вможнообъяснитьрезультатеколониальнымкоторогопрошлымсформировалосьэтихнегативноеотношение к власти, как к чему-то насильственно насаждаемому ичуждому простому населению [McMullan, 1961].Кроме того,разделение государственного и частного, к которому представителизападных стран привыкли относиться как к данности, является лишьрезультатом длительного исторического развития [Wertheim, 1963].
ВстранахАфрики,атакжевомногихдругихразвивающихсягосударствах, эти процессы еще не завершены, поэтому люди,занимающие государственные посты в этих обществах, часто не видятничего предосудительного в использовании служебного положения вличных целях и не воспринимают многие действия как коррупцию.Более того, во многих развивающихся странах, государственныеслужащие считают себя обязанными не столько выполнять свойгосударственный долг, сколько помогать своим менее успешнымродственникам и знакомым, например, назначая их на государственнуюслужбу [Boissevain 1966; Wertheim, 1963; Wraith, Simpkins, 1964].Многие коррупционные практики удачно вписываются в многолетниетрадиции обмена дарами и поддерживаются ценностями расширеннойсемьи, поэтому грань между традиционными действиями и коррупцией201очень сложно определить [Johnston, 2005; Wraith, Simpkins, 1964;Williams, 1976].Многие из тех практик, которые не считаются коррупционными вразвивающихся странах, в развитых странах посчитали бы коррупцией.Развивающиеся страны также могут отличаться между собой позакрепившимся в обществе ценностям и, следовательно, по восприятиюкоррупции.
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