Подчасов А.С., Николаева Н.Е. - Пособие по переводу английской экономической литературы (грамматические трудности) (1121268), страница 6
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Elliptical constructionsModel 2The British people have to submit to new taxation, however high.Британцы вынуждены мириться с новыми налогами, какими бы высокимиони ни были.Model 1Very little, if anything, could be advanced in the defense of his policy.Почти ничего нельзя (фактически, мало что можно) сказать в поддержкуего политики.1Whatever the source, finance will be required atthe start-up stage of a business.2If successful, the reform will not only restructurethe financial mechanism of China’s village andtown authorities, but will also re-draw the country’s rural political landscape, or even re-shapethe grass-roots power regime of China.3But whatever his long term aims, the President’simmediate intentions and motives were maderelentlessly clear at his last Press conference lessthan three weeks ago.4Under him, and with a strong political will toshow Europe as united whatever the cost, AirbusIndustry operated in a unique manner, with partsbeing flown in from Britain, Germany and Spainto be assembled in Toulouse.5Whatever his reasons, he has now brought theother members of NATO face to face with somevery big and difficult questions about the militaryand political structure of Europe and its relationswith the United States.6If rapid, an increase in average price level results in inflation.7But the decision, if logical, requires a measure of courage.Model 2If anything, it will be in their interests to follow this course.Во всяком случае (как бы то ни было), в их интересах следовать даннымкурсом.1You would have thought that, after the economy crashed in August, the arts in Russia would havegrounded to a half.
If anything, the opposite is the case.2What, if anything did the President bring back from Beijing? Above all, the event itself, the factthat it took place.3National governments like the European Commission weak, and even the voters do not wanthyperactivity in Brussels. Nor should they: if anything, it should have less money to spend infuture, not more.4New patterns of economic development have brought material affluence to the oil-rich countriesof the Middle East. In contrast, poverty has, if anything, become more deeply entrenched in partsof sub-Saharan Africa.5If anything, Ireland has become less fiscally attractive to foreigners over the past few years:many of the grant and tax dodges once used to seduce them have gone.6The corporate sector is, if anything, more financially extended than the domestic.7There is always the chance that such an approach would slide into protectionism, pure and simple.
But the alternative is, if anything, more risky.4849XIII. InversionModel 2No longer is Italian home-appliance maker Indesit coaxing older workers toretire early to make room for younger recruits.Model 1Had we applied new highly efficient equipment, we would have decreased theproduction cost.Итальянский производитель бытовой техники Индезит больше непытается уговорить пожилых рабочих рано уйти на пенсию, чтобыосвободить место молодым.Если бы мы использовали новое высокоэффективное оборудование, мыснизили бы себестоимость.1Never before has the European Union invited such a large group of countries which has hadsuch a remarkably different social and economic system.If nationalized industries previously had bad performances, they would have been worth little hadthey been sold at that stage.2Far more questionable are the restrictions proposed for the state-financed unemployment benefitprograms for the short-term unemployed.3Had this policy been adopted, the subsequent history of the treaty might well have been quitedifferent.3In the newer industries, such as computers, small companies have shown themselves capable ofmoving faster to exploit new technologies than have giant corporations.4To assess the social opportunity cost of tying up resources in a project in the nationalized industries, we need to ask what would have happened to the resources had the project not been undertaken.4At the bottom of the Third World list are the world’s poorest countries, found mainly in subSaharan Africa, which have so few resources and so little money that it is virtually impossible forthem to develop at all.Had the supply side of the economy been in better shape, a slowdown in demand growth wouldhave been only temporary.5Coupled with the spending and tax proposals were changes in the federal regulatory process andmonetary policy.Had the plan been to auction the assets individually, Gazprom would have faced competition forat least some of these, a factor that would likely have driven prices higher.61Had the election campaign been still in progress, the wage squeeze might have become an issue.256750Had the reform succeeded, California would have been the fifth state to insure nearly all its residents.Opportunities for individuals are increased, asare the freedom and range of alternatives available to individuals.7Only by finding out the needs of customers canbusiness organizations respond to those needs.8Only after the business has an established trackrecord will most bankers and other financialinstitutions be interested in providing capital.9Across a great arc of the Eurasian steppe fromUkraine through Russia to Kazakhstan liesenough arable land to feed the world for years tocome.10If you look at the UK’s trade figures you willsee that rarely, if ever, does the value of exportsequal the value of imports.51Model 3Model 4The export of capital does not stabilize the pound, nor does it serve the naturalinterests of the United Kingdom.Not only will he introduce a new bottom rate of income tax of 10% this April, butnext year he will cut the basic rate from 23% to 22%.Вывоз капитала не стабилизирует фунт, а также не служитдействительным интересам Соединенного Королевства.Он не только введет новый минимальный уровень подоходного налога вразмере 10% в апреле этого года, но также сократит тарифную ставку с 23%до 22% в следующем году.1Many companies have no need to borrow.
Nor are they having problems paying back their existing debts.2Decontrol alone does not constitute an adequate oil policy. It is not likely to protect the economyagainst temporary shortages. Nor will it significantly reduce dependence on foreign oil imports inthe long term.3Lower interest rates may not stop house prices falling, nor will they prevent banks from tightening their lending standards.4The pound should no longer serve as a vehicle for the export of private capital and the return flowof profits and dividends, nor should it be used for military expenditures abroad.5The consequences for trade of the 10 per cent surcharge on imports attracted immediate attention,but the surcharge does not apply to all products, nor is it invariably 10 per cent.6But even if it did happen it would probably not be soon enough to prevent unemployment fromrising.
Nor would it stop the credit crisis from biting.752We must remember that the tax gap is simply not a pot of gold that we can dip into every time wewant to pay for a new or expanded program. Nor should it be viewed as an easy solution to existing challenges, such as the alternative minimum tax.1Not only are most of Great Britain’s importsand exports carried in British ships, but a gooddeal of trade in which Britain has no direct interest is undertaken by British shipping companies.2Not only is income redistribution unpopularwith large parts of the electorate, it might alsoundermine the incentives that are considerednecessary to encourage hard work and enterprise.3Owners of entrepreneurial businesses are keento expand their business.
Not only will theyhave a greater need for external finance, buttheir commitment to expansion overcomes anyreluctance to share the business with others.4Not only have prices dropped but activity in thesector has also plunged - particularly for new properties.5The survey published yesterday revealed that not only were banks lending less to small andmedium-sized businesses, they were also charging more and shying away from anything theyconsidered risky.6Not only is the mortgage industry the culprit, but it long denied the existence of a problem.7Not only does this solve the problem of comparing things measured in different quantity units, italso takes account of the size of the market.8Not only does shipping bring the Greek economy more than $1.5 billion in receipts each year butits growth over the last 15 years (with the fleet almost tripling in size) has been almost unparalleled.9Not only has Middle Eastern oil money made its way into American securities, but many peoplein Europe, Japan and other parts of the world feel that their best opportunity for securing theirwealth is to invest in American stocks.53Model 6Model 5With consumer demand falling and the economy moving towards recession, thereis not a strong incentive to increase investment spending.It is the government that can give tax benefits to the companies in order to support domestic industry.В условиях снижающегося спроса и приближающегося экономическогоспада отсутствует значительный стимул к увеличению инвестиционныхрасходов.Именно правительство может предоставлять налоговые льготы компаниямдля поддержки отечественной промышленности.1It is the use of money as a medium of exchange that distinguishes money from other assets.2It is from this angle that Russia is viewing the development and furthering of integration on thecontinent.34In a market economy it is customers who decide what is to be produced.5It was the issued stocks that allowed the company to accumulate the necessary money for thenew project.6Free enterprise as an idea can be simply described, but it is how this idea is applied to real lifethat is important.7Although it was Germany which had led a financial rescue operation earlier in the year, it was,ironically, the relationship with Germany which had probably done more to undermine Turkey’seconomic stability than any other single factor.895412It was the government’s tight policy which allowed to reduce high rates of inflation.Over the past 200 years there has been a strikingcorrelation between waves of increased capitalmobility and the incidence of banking crises.The fact that capital mobility reached recordlevels earlier in this decade was a clear sign thatthere were problems ahead.3To be fair to the IMF, the Bank for InternationalSettlements, the Bank of England and others,there were warnings galore about the risks beingtaken in all sorts of asset markets.4The price of oil is so high and it hurts so much because there has been no serious effort to reduceour dependency.5There is great danger that there will be social disruption as inflation rises and as the efforts tofight it start to bite.It is because we have become increasingly wealthy as a nation that we have been able virtually toeliminate child labor, to remove the necessity of work for many of the aged and to make it unnecessary for millions of women to take jobs.6The conventional thinking is that it is demand that effects inflation, that too much demand causesinflation.7High street retailers are starting to feel the full impact of the credit crunch.
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