Подчасов А.С., Николаева Н.Е. - Пособие по переводу английской экономической литературы (грамматические трудности) (1121268)
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МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТимени М. В. ЛОМОНОСОВАЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТПОДЧАСОВ А. С., НИКОЛАЕВА Н. Е.Пособие по переводу английскойэкономической литературы(грамматические трудности)Москва2010МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТимени М. В. ЛОМОНОСОВАЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТПОДЧАСОВ А. С., НИКОЛАЕВА Н. Е.Пособие по переводу английскойэкономической литературы(грамматические трудности)Москва2010Пособие по переводу английской экономической литературы (грамматическиетрудности) - М.: Экономический ф-т МГУ, 2010. - 60 с.Цель данного пособия – помочь студентам преодолеть грамматические трудности, с которымиприходится чаще всего сталкиваться при переводе английских экономических текстов.
В пособиинет объяснений тех или иных грамматических явлений, так как теоретические принципы переводадостаточно полно и всесторонне изложены в учебных пособиях по теории перевода. Авторыпредлагают модель перевода каждого такого явления и далее – упражнения, содержащие предложенияс аналогичной структурой. Таким образом, у студентов вырабатывается навык опознания и пониманияизучаемой структуры и нахождения ее эквивалента на родном языке. При этом авторы стараютсяне использовать сложные конструкции в качестве контекста изучаемого лексико-грамматическогоявления, чтобы не распылять внимание студентов на другие языковые особенности.
Для закрепленияматериала предлагается делать «обратный» перевод полученного русского эквивалента на английскийязык.© Экономический ф-т МГУ, 201045CONTENTSI. «to be + of +noun»I. «TO BE + OF +NOUN»............................................................................................................. 7II.
NOUN CHAINS.........................................................................................................................8III. “THAT”, “THOSE”.................................................................................................................9Modela) “that”: substitute wordb) “that is (to say)”: connectorc) “so that” : conjunction ( in order that, having the effect of), introducing clauses of purpose and consequenced) “those”: substitute wordThis book on economics is of great interest.Эта книга по экономике представляется исключительно интересной.IV. “ONE”, “IT”............................................................................................................................13a) “one”: indefinite personal pronounb) “one”: substitute wordc) “it”: formal subjectd) “it”: formal objectV.
“DO”..........................................................................................................................................16a) “do”: substitute verbb) emphatic “do”VI. “BE” ........................................................................................................................................18a) “be to”: modal verbb) “if …is/are to”, “if … was/were to”VII. PASSIVE VOICE..................................................................................................................20VIII.
PARTICIPLE AND PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION.................................................23a) participle I: attributeb) participle II: attributec) participle I: adverbial modifierd) prticiple II: adverbial modifiere) “following”: introducing constructions or clausesf) “provided”: introducing constructions or clausesg) “given” : introducing constructions or clausesh) absolute participial construction in post-positioni) absolute participial construction in pre-positionIX. INFINITIVE AND INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS......................................................33a) infinitive: attributeb) infinitive: adverbial modifierc) infinitive construction: complex objectd) infinitive construction: complex subjecte) infinitive construction: “for + noun (pronoun) + infinitive”f) subjunctive: “should sb/sth do sth”.1Economic statistics are of profound interest to economic policy decision-makers.2The question what, how and for whom to produce is of great significance.3Economists’ recommendations may be of high value to governments but governments do notalways rely on them.4Since economists cannot make experiments, collecting and using information from a large number of past years is of paramount importance for analyzing and solving problems of today.5The optimal level of government intervention remains a problem which is of intense interest toeconomists.67Between the two main types lies the mixed economy where market and government are both ofutmost importance.Collateral is of key importance to bankers as a secondary source for repaying the loan in case thefirm’s cash flows are insufficient.X.
GERUND AND GERUNDIAL CONSTRUCTION..............................................................41a) gerundb) gerundial constructionXI. “SINCE/AS/FOR/ONCE” IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES....................................................43a) “since”: reasonb) “as”: reasonc) “as”: timed) “for”: reasone) “once”: timeXII. ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTIONS....................................................................................48XIII.
INVERSION........................................................................................................................50XIV. SUBJUNCTIVE...................................................................................................................56a) subjunctive after “it is advisable”, “ it is necessary”, “ it is recommended”, “it is crucial”, “it isessential”, “it is required”, “it is important”, “it is desirable”.LIST OF LITERATURE..............................................................................................................5867II. Noun chainsIII.
That, thoseA) “THAT”: SUBSTITUTE WORDModelThe euro zone is facing a short-lived growth slump because of problems in Braziland other regions across the globe.Model 1The monetary value of all goods and services can be added up and compared withthat of other countries.В зоне евро происходит краткосрочное снижение экономического ростаиз-за проблем в Бразилии и в других регионах мира.81The Treasurer introduced a Bill to implement the Government’s plan to give preferential taxationtreatment to life insurance companies.2Home Office spokesman said yesterday that their policy was not to disclose any informationabout a taxpayer or his affairs without his prior consent.3Civil Service unions, who staged a one-day nationwide protest walkout against government paycurbs, threatened widespread chaos at airports, aimed at U.S.
airliners.4Sanyo Electric expects to show record profit and sales figures for the year ending next Nov. 30.5The Japanese government, and some economists elsewhere, have proposed that Europe, the United States and Japan set exchange rate «target zones» so as to re-establish the stable internationalcurrency relationships that existed under the Bretton Woods system and ended when the UnitedStates «floated» the dollar in 1971.6Canada’s defense industry is against changes in US export control regulations that have eliminated Canada’s long-standing exemption from certain US export licensing requirements.7Paradoxically, the poll returns mean that he will be able to go ahead with his plan to introducea pay-as-you-earn income tax scheme, which had been the main issue of the elections.Денежную стоимость всех товаров и услуг можно сложить и сравнить сэтой же величиной в других странах.1The US economy is more than twice as large as the next largest economy, that of Japan.2A major problem faced by command economies is that of deciding what to produce.3Often in return for undertaking serious economic reform, the IMF will assemble a package ofloans from several sources, including its own money and that of private banks.4If a person runs a private business, his work is partly that of an employer and partly that of aworker.5Tax revenue following a reduction in taxable income and a rise of the number of taxpayers wasexpected to be much higher than that raised previously.6An important influence was that of John Maynard Keynes, an English economist who developeda way to analyze and explain economic depressions.7In general, the role of the federal government was influenced by the concept of “laissez-faire”, adoctrine opposing government interference in the economy except that necessary for the maintenance of law and order.9B) “THAT IS (TO SAY)”: CONNECTORModel 2Some societies began to use another kind of money, that is precious metals.Некоторые общества начали использовать другой вид денег, а именно,драгоценные металлы.12The main statistics illustrating theeconomy’s behavior relate to thelevel of activity in the economy.That is, they tell us whether theeconomy is working at full capacity using all or nearly all, available resources of labor, machineryand other factors of production orwhether these resources are beingunder-utilized.3You calculate other elasticities in the same way, that is by dividing the percentage change inquantity by the corresponding change in price.4The second of the three economic issues is the question of income, that is, income distribution,the way in which income – that’s what people earn – is distributed or shared around.5Each additional worker produces less additional film.
That is to say, each transfer reduces outputper worker in the film industry.6Households receive payments for these factor services, that is to say, they earn factor incomes,such as wages, rents and profits.710There is a close relationship between income, output and expenditure, that is total income mustalways equal total output whichmust always equal total expenditure.C) “SO THAT” : CONJUNCTION, INTRODUCING CLAUSES OF PURPOSE ANDCONSEQUENCE (in order that, having the effect of)Model 3Imports are sometimes taxed or limited by volume so that our products can bettercompete with foreign goods.Импортные товары иногда облагаются налогом, либо их количествоограничивается, чтобы наши товары могли лучше конкурировать стоварами иностранного производства.12Finished goods are held in stock so that the firm can cope with variations in demand.3The War Production Board was created to coordinate the nation’s productive capabilities so thatmilitary priorities would be met.4Another of Kennedy’s goals involved accelerating the U.S.
space exploration program so that itwould surpass Soviet achievements.5After becoming established, these settlers campaigned to get the law changed so that some of theland was declared free, while other lands could be bought at a minimal price and paid for over aperiod of years.6In order to simplify the bookkeeping, the European Currency Unit (ECU) was created, with anofficial value based on a «basket» of currencies so that it would be more stable than any one currency.7We are strengthening efforts to improve financial literacy, so that borrowers better understandsophisticated lending products and the obligations they carry.Farmers wanted a low tariff on imports, so that they could buy consumer goods more cheaply.Proponents of either of these views are often labeled in terms of contemporary politics.
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