Диссертация (1098575), страница 45
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He also took up the guitar again when, in 1951, his former high school classmateTommy Stevens invited him to join his band. They played at local black nightclubs in St. Louis,and Berry quickly developed a reputation for his lively showmanship. At the end of 1952, he metJonnie Johnson, a local jazz pianist, and joined his band, the Sir John's Trio. Berry revitalized theband and introduced upbeat country numbers into the band's repertoire of jazz and pop music.25http://www.biography.com/people/elvis-presley-9446466257They played at the Cosmopolitan, an upscale black nightclub in East St. Louis, which began attracting whitepatrons.Birth of Rock 'n' RollIn the mid-1950s, Berry began taking road trips to Chicago, the Midwest capital of black music, insearch of a record contract.
Early in 1955, he met the legendary blues musician Muddy Waters, whosuggested that Berry go meet with Chess Records. A few weeks later, Berry wrote and recorded a songcalled "Maybellene" and took it to the executives at Chess. They immediately offered him a contract; withinmonths, "Maybellene" had reached No. 1 on the R&B charts and No.
5 on the pop charts. With its uniqueblend of a rhythm and blues beat, country guitar licks and the flavor of Chicago blues and narrativestorytelling, many music historians consider "Maybellene" the first true rock 'n' roll song.Berry quickly followed with a slew of other unique singles that continued to carve out the new genreof rock 'n' roll: "Roll Over, Beethoven," "Too Much Monkey Business" and "Brown-Eyed Handsome Man,"among others. Berry managed to achieve crossover appeal with white youths without alienating his blackfans by mixing blues and R&B sounds with storytelling that spoke to the universal themes of youth. In thelate 1950s, songs such as "Johnny B.
Goode," "Sweet Little Sixteen" and "Carol" all managed to crack theTop 10 of the pop charts by achieving equal popularity with youths on both sides of the racial divide. "Imade records for people who would buy them," Berry said. "No color, no ethnic, no political– I don't wantthat, never did.''Berry's soaring music career was derailed again in 1961 when he was convicted under the Mann Actof illegally transporting a woman across state lines for "immoral purposes." Three years earlier, in 1958,Berry had opened Club Bandstand in the predominantly white business district of downtown St.
Louis. Thenext year, while traveling in Mexico, he had met a 14-year-old Native American waitress– and sometimesprostitute– and brought her back to St. Louis to work at his club. However, he fired her only weeks later,and when she was then arrested for prostitution, charges were pressed against Berry that ended with himspending yet another 20 months in jail.When Berry was released from prison in 1963, he picked up right where he left off, writing andrecording popular and innovative songs. His 1960s hits include "Nadine," "You Can Never Tell," PromisedLand" and "Dear Dad." Nevertheless, Berry was never the same man after his second stint in prison. CarlPerkins, his friend and partner on a 1964 British concert tour, observed, "Never saw a man so changed.
Hehad been an easygoing guy before, the kinda guy who'd jam in dressing rooms, sit and swap licks and jokes.In England he was cold, real distant and bitter. It wasn't just jail, it was those years of one-nighters, grindingit out like that can kill a man, but I figure it was mostly jail."Berry released his last album of original music, Rock It, to fairly positive reviews in 1979. WhileBerry continued to perform into the 1990s, he would never recapture the magnetic energy and originalitythat had first catapulted him to fame during the '50s and '60s. In his later years he developed a reputation forgiving out-of-tune, unrehearsed performances.Rock and Roll Hall of FameBerry still remains one of the genre's most influential musicians.
In 1985, he received the GrammyLifetime Achievement Award. A year later, in 1986, he became the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's firstinductee. Perhaps the best measure of Berry's influence is the extent to which other popular artists havecopied his work. The Beach Boys, the Rolling Stones and the Beatles have all covered various Chuck Berrysongs, and Berry's influences– both subtle and profound– pervade all of their music.Introducing Berry at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones said, "It'svery difficult for me to talk about Chuck Berry 'cause I've lifted every lick he ever played. This is the man26that started it all!"26http://www.biography.com/people/chuck-berry-9210488258Bob DylanBob Dylan is one of the most influential singer-songwriters of the 20thcentury whose career began in the early 1960s with songs that chronicled socialissues like war and civil rights.Folk rock singer-songwriter Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmermanon May 24, 1941, in Duluth, Minnesota.
While attending college, he beganperforming folk and country songs, taking the name "Bob Dylan." In 1961 Dylansigned his first recording contract and emerged as one of the most original andinfluential voices in the history of American popular music. Showing no signs ofslowing down, Dylan has continued to tour in recent years, and released studioalbums including Together Through Life (2009), Tempest (2012), Shadows in theNight (2015) and Fallen Angels(2016).
The legendary singer-songwriter has received Grammy, Academyand Golden Globe awards, as well as the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Nobel Prize for Literature.Folk SingingIn 1960, Bob dropped out of college and moved to New York, where his idol, the legendary folk singerWoody Guthrie hospitalized with a rare hereditary disease of the nervous system. He visited with Guthrieregularly in his hospital room; became a regular in the folk clubs and coffeehouses of Greenwich Village;met a host of other musicians; and began writing songs at an astonishing pace, including "Song to Woody,"a tribute to his ailing hero.
In the fall of 1961, after one of his performances received a rave review in TheNew York Times, he signed a recording contract with Columbia Records, at which point he legally changedhis surname to Dylan. Released early in 1962, Bob Dylan contained only two original songs, but showcasedDylan's gravelly-voiced singing style in a number of traditional folk songs and covers of blues songs.The 1963 release of The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan marked Dylan's emergence as one of the mostoriginal and poetic voices in the history of American popular music.
The album included two of the mostmemorable 1960s folk songs, "Blowin' in the Wind" (which later became a huge hit for the folk trio Peter,Paul, and Mary) and "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall." His next album, The Times They Are A-Changin',firmly established Dylan as the definitive songwriter of the 60s protest movement, a reputation that onlyincreased after he became involved with one of the movement's established icons, Joan Baez, in 1963.While his romantic relationship with Baez lasted only two years, it benefited both performers immensely interms of their music careers– Dylan wrote some of Baez's best-known material, and Baez introduced him tothousands of fans through her concerts. By 1964 Dylan was playing 200 concerts annually, but had becometired of his role as "the" folk singer-songwriter of the protest movement.
Another Side of Bob Dylan,recorded in 1964, was a much more personal, introspective collection of songs, far less politically chargedthan Dylan's previous efforts.Rock Star StatusBeginning in the 1980s, Dylan began touring full time, sometimes with fellow legends Tom Petty andthe Heartbreakers and the Grateful Dead. Notable albums during this period included Infidels (1983); thefive-disc retrospective Biograph (1985); Knocked Out Loaded (1986); and Oh Mercy (1989), which becamehis best-received album in years. He recorded two albums with the all-star band the Traveling Wilburys,also featuring George Harrison, Roy Orbison, Tom Petty and Jeff Lynne. In 1994, Dylan returned to his folkroots, winning the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album for World Gone Wrong.In 1989, when Dylan was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Bruce Springsteen spoke at theceremony, declaring that "Bob freed the mind the way Elvis freed the body ...
He invented a new way a popsinger could sound, broke through the limitations of what a recording artist could achieve, and changed theface of rock and roll forever." In 1997, Dylan became the first rock star ever to receive Kennedy CenterHonors, considered the nation's highest award for artistic excellence.Dylan's 1997 album Time Out of Mind re-established this one-time folk icon as one of the preeminentof rock's wise men, winning three Grammy Awards.
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