Константинов Н.А., Лалин В.В., Лалина И.И. - Расчёт статически определимых стержневых систем с использованием SCAD (1061793), страница 27
Текст из файла (страница 27)
ɩɭɧɤɬ 2.1 ɷɬɚɩɚ 2 ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 6).ɚ)ɛ)79108296445717683134551231226543Ɋɢɫ. 8.14Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ 3 ɢ 5 ɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɡɥɚ ɜɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ 2 ɪɚɡɨɛɶɟɦ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡɷɬɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ (ɫɦ. ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɢɫ. 6.4 ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 6).Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɦɵ ɫ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɭɡɥɚɦɢ, ɨɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɢ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɚɦɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 8.15.78.9793Z64810956570.081Y1X4121.24220.023Ɋɢɫ.
8.15159ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɪɢɫ. 8.15 ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɜɜɨɞɚɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ.Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɷɬɚ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɥɚ ɫ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 8.13).Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ,ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ,ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɪɚɦɵɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɨɬɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɟɟ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɨɬɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɢɯ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ.ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɢ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD.Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɡɥɵ ɪɚɦɵ (ɩɨ ɢɯɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ) ɜ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɷɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD (ɫɦ.
ɪɚɡɞɟɥ 6).Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɦɵ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɜɚɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ.1. ɇɚɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɤ ɭɡɥɭ 8(ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 8.15), ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ: ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ (121.24 ɤɇ),ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɫɢ X ɨɛɲɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ; ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ (70 ɤɇ),ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɫɢ Z ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ. Ɉɛɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɧɚɤɨɦ «ɩɥɸɫ» (ɫɦ. ɷɬɚɩ 3 ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 6).2. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ 3 ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.
8.15) ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ:x ɧɚɣɬɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ R3 20 4 80 ɤɇ ,ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ 3 ɧɚ ɨɫɶ Z (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 8.15).x ɧɚɣɬɢ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ 3: l34 2 8280 ;x ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ qc R3 / l380 / 8080 8.94 ɤɇ/ɦ , ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ3 (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.8.15), ɢ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɞɟɫɶɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ).Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɩɸɪ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ.
ɗɩɸɪɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ M, Q, Nɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɦɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 8.16, ɚ, ɛ, ɜ.ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɷɩɸɪ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɤɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ Q ɧɚ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟ.160320,0M601,25601,25281,24160,0320,0261,86601,2535,74Q200,42160,080,09,69150,31130,93H1H240,0N160,93240,42150,31200,42V1170,42V289,4440,0V3Ɋɢɫ. 8.161611. Ɋɭɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɭɡɥɚɦ 7 ɢ 6(ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 8.14, ɛ) ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɨɬ ɭɡɥɚ 7 ɤ ɭɡɥɭ 6. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɢ ɨɫɶ X1.
ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɭɡɟɥ 7 ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɨɦɟɪ 1, ɚ ɭɡɟɥ 6 í ɧɨɦɟɪ 2.2. Ɂɧɚɤ ɩɥɸɫ ɧɚ ɷɩɸɪɟ Q ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ,ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ ɫɥɟɜɚ, ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɨɫɢ Z1 ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ («ɜɜɟɪɯ», ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 3.10, ɚ) ɢ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ dx1 > 0ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɚɹ dM ! 0 ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ Q dM / dx1 ! 0 (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 8.16).3. ɉɪɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ ɧɚɪɢɫ.
8.14, ɛ (ɨɬ ɭɡɥɚ 6 ɤ ɭɡɥɭ 7), ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɦɟɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɢ X1 ɜɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 3.11, ɚ), ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɭɡɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɭɡɟɥ 6. ɂɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɤ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ:ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɩɪɢ dx1 ! 0 ɧɚ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ 3 ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɦɟɬɶ dM 0 ɢQdM / dx1 0 . ɂɡɦɟɧɹɬ ɡɧɚɤ ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɚɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ(ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.
3.11).Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɜɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɚɦ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɯɡɧɚɤɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɨɦ ɨɫɢ X1 ɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɟɣɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɪɚɦɵ. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɦɟ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 8.13) ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɩɸɪɚɦɭɫɢɥɢɣ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 8.16, ɚ, ɛ, ɜ).Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ (ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ) ɨɬ ɫɬɨɟɤ ɪɚɦɵ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɵ. ɗɬɢɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɦɢ.Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɨɤɧɟ, ɝɞɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɜɨɣɞɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ.ɇɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɩɹɬɢ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ,ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɡɞɟɫɶ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.1.ɇɚɠɦɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «Ɉɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɭɡɥɨɜ».2.
ɇɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɚɦɵ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ (ɧɚ ɰɜɟɬɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɫɬɚɧɭɬɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɢ).3. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɨɬɤɪɨɟɦ ɨɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɷɬɨɣ162ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.4. ɇɚ ɩɨɥɟ «ɂɦɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ» ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ «Ɉɩɨɪɵ ɪɚɦɵ» ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ«Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ». ȼ ɩɨɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵɢ ɟɟ ɢɦɹ.5. ȼɵɯɨɞɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɤɧɚ, ɧɚɠɚɜ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «ɈɄ», ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ«ɋɛɪɨɫ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ» (ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɟɬ).Ɍɟ ɠɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɬɨɟɤ 1, 4, 2ɪɚɦɵ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɨɩɨɪɵ.
ɉɪɢɞɚɞɢɦ ɢɦ ɢɦɹ «ɋɬɨɣɤɢ ɪɚɦɵ».Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɡɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɚ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɤɧɨ ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɨɬ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɭɠɟɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ.ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ «ɈɄ».ɋɧɨɜɚ ɨɤɚɠɟɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ «ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɨɬ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ».ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ:Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɉɨɫɬɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɵ.ɇɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɨɬ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ», ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦɤɧɨɩɤɭ«Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɨɬ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ».ȼ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɪɚɦɵ ɩɨɹɜɹɬɫɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ (ɩɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ:RX, RZ, RUY), ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ) ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ.ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ «Ɉɰɢɮɪɨɜɤɚ ɢɡɨɩɨɥɟɣɢɡɨɥɢɧɢɣ» ɭ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.8.4.
ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖ ɊȺɋɑȿɌȺ ɊȺɆɕ ɋ ɇȺɄɅɈɇɇɕɆ ɋɌȿɊɀɇȿɆɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɭɛɟɠɞɚɟɦɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɩɸɪɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ M , Q, Nɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɩɸɪ (ɫɦ. ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥ 4.2 ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ).ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 4.5,ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ.ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣȾɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɹɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯɪɢɫ. 8.12) H A , V A , H B , VB , VC (ɨɧɢ ɠɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 8.13,ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ (ɫɦ.ɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵH1 , V1 , H 2 , V2 , V3 ), ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɦɭ ɜ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ, ɢɦɟɟɦ ɩɹɬɶɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ:163x ɬɪɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,1) ¦ X2) ¦ Z3) ¦ M 1121.24 (20 8) 150.31 130.93 281.24 281.2470 170.42 200.42 40240.42 240.420;0;70 6 121.24 2 170.42 6 40 14 (20 8)4 8 # 0 ;x ɞɜɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɜɢɞɚ ¦ M ɲ04) ¦ M Eɫɩɪɚɜɚ(20 8)2 40 145) ¦ M Dɫɥɟɜɚ150.31 4 200.42 3 # 0 (ɢɥɢ ¦ M Dɫɩɪɚɜɚ0 (ɢɥɢ ¦ M Eɫɥɟɜɚ0 );0 ).ȼɫɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ.
Ɋɚɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɯɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɟɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ.ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɪɚɦɵ ɩɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɦɋɭɦɦɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ ɪɚɦɵ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɚɧɭɥɸ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 8.17 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɭɡɥɨɜ 5, 7, 8, 10 (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 8.15). Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯɷɬɢɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ¦ M ɤ 0 , ɝɞɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ «ɤ» –ɧɨɦɟɪ ɭɡɥɚ.320,010320,0320,0160,05601,257601,25601,25281,248160,0Ɋɢɫ.
8.17ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɪɚɦɵɩɪɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥɄɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɡɟɥ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɦɵ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 8.15), ɞɨɥɠɟɧɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɞɜɭɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɨɫɢ ɈɋɄ. ɇɚɪɢɫ. 8.18 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ, ɜɡɹɬɵɟ ɫ ɷɩɸɪ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ,ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 8.16. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɧɚɭɡɥɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ «ɬɭɩɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ» (ɫɦ.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
