karlov-kirichenko-kvantovaya-mekhanika-2016 (810755), страница 16
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p.0"- "(4! *- & ! "! "# d. f ."!5 *(! ( 0" ( < !& - "!5 0."4! *5 *- & !?"! !!!# -! 5 ';4! ( 2 ".!#4 '"5* 0"- =! !5 '5 HY hY Un Tn Y f^=( '6 Eион * ! '5! ( "#& *(* D-( Eион "!."#!* 5 !0" O 90' !! !41 !5 '54! ( 0" !&-5 .22!5 ; '& !(?5 !5 '"(4! -!!# !& *. " "! !* ! & !0"6 )." % ! ( 05- ! "! ( ' "' !"#5*5* 5( (! ( !( ! !( '! ! ! ( ." !& * " 26! ( !0"! ( " '! ( 7 ! "! " ; '"(AO,- >- '(K: 'J :( $)/ 5 `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- ! ! " 6 С C "!( * !#: 1s2 2s2 2p2O "5& & " "! '-! -! ( !! '( Z = 6)% -! 0"- Ip '" ";# - !-M & ! ( "! ' ; ! '5* "( & 0"- /0 "! .4! 0!"#5& ! l = 1 5 s = 1/2 <! 0!"#5&! !5 ! !# '-( L = 0, 1, 2 3 '.-( S = 0, 1 9 0' 6 '5 '"-5* .!(& /" !5 !(( % !! !" E !-! ! "#5 '5 ; "- 3 S = 1 < ! 6 s1z = s2z == +1/2 ! 5 !(( 5 <! "! ".5 !"-!# ( 6 0!"# ! ! 0' -!050 -!# "# ' '- L =! ' " m1 == 1 m2 = 0 9 5& 0!"#5& ! L = 1 + 0 = 1 <."# 0"- '" - " ! J = L − S = 0 ?".!"# ! !(( ! ! 3 P0 7( '5 !(( !5 !5* ' 54! ( 3 P1 3 P2 "(!5* !! ! J = L−S +1 = 1 J = L−S +2 = 2) =! . !(( 0"#;& & - ( '05 !((% - ! ! ! " "!&26&2 2 4O8 o : 1s 2s 2p .% ! "- "! Ip.0"- ! !# .5 6 ! '5 K '"-5 60!"# ! % ! "#5& ! ! ( .11115 S =+ +− = 1 ! "! 4! sz = +1/2 6P2222-!! sz = −1/2) D- 0!"# ! ! !!L = [(+1) + (0) + (−1)] + (+1) = 1 < "# '" 0" "50"- ! J = L + S = 2 9 0' ! !(( " ' 5! ( 3 P2 1' 0: 4; I - !5 ( ! !"# 6 <" '"(4! "!# 6"5& ( 5 & !* ! / * ".-(* "5 "#'!# ( 0" "5 "- !5 !.( ,"( * 2" 5 !- !5 !"(,- >- '(K: 'J :( $)/ 5 ` >-9- M/ 2)K/ :( $ : ' !5* ("(! ( (! ! !5* - !6* !.! ! (! " ( M "!5 5 !5 5!5 !( !( 5 ! =! !#! -! - !65 5 '"-!# !M "40( ( !- " % ! ! 1 !.4! 0J!5 ! !5 < " '-! -! 5 *!( 05 5 " !# * '! 50!# & "!"# ! 95 !- "405 .- 0J!5 % - ! ! "404 - 5 " .! ! < ! * - !60' - !65 "6"5 3 2 =! !.
05" !" AO B % <" '5! ( ! ( -! 0"# 0' -(.! ( !! ! @' : =&;!& 0"# 2 3 !! !8 : , 7! (!# -! !( - !6 "4-41(-! - " 2 ("(! ( 0' ! ' 0'' "!# 2 5 ' "!5 ("(4! ( 2 ! " . ! (! ( !5 &!5 !5* ! s = 1/2@' ("(4! ( ' !5 2!5 ! '5AO(a, b) → (b, a)! ! '4 !(( !5 *!( 05 ' -! '.( "( !M !(( " ! .6 '"-5 % "- ! !5* - !6 !& 0 !(e, e) → (e, e) '( ! ! !(( !5 " ! !-5 '"-5G ! ! * ! !5* - !6 * "( 2.6( Ψ ' ! ! ! (r1 , r2 ) ! ! (s1 , s2 ) !* - !6/0'- q = (r, s) 3 !# ! 5* 5*"( & - !65 9 Ψ = Ψ(q1 , q2 )< !* ! !5* - !6 2'- 0"4. !( !5 ! '!# ( =! '-! -! ".( 26( '"#!! ! ! 0 ! !"# 2'5&!"#MΨ(q2 , q1 ) = eiϕ Ψ(q1 , q2 ),Oiϕ 2 |e | = 1 % '"#!! !& ! "-Ψ(q1 , q2 ) = e2iϕ Ψ(q1 , q2 ).2iϕ/! 4 "! eO= 1 ! -!eiϕ = ±1.ON=! '-( 2' !"( !-4! "5 26 ".!(41 " O "(Ψ(q2 , q1 ) = +Ψ(q1 , q2 ) eiϕ = +1"OOΨ(q2 , q1 ) = −Ψ(q1 , q2 ) e = −1.OABC " "5 26 "4! "4 OO ! !! !41- !65 '54! ( % "- 5"(! ( "OAB - !65 '54! ( )% "(! ! & !& ! "( '5! ( ! " .