English Grammar Reference and Practice. Drozdova (810400), страница 43
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Here goes the bell.” - She said she had to leave us right away. There wasthe bell, (circumstances)“You should go to the dentist.” - Mother said I should go to the dentist.“I couldn’t have said it.” - She insisted she couldn’t have said it.When reporting something which was said in another place or a long time ago, other parts of the sentencemay have to be changed, apart from the tense.Time and Place ChangesГ4□□□herethisthesenowtodayyesterdaytomorrowa year agolast nighttonight«=!>■=><=0>therethatthosethen / at that m om ent/ right awaythat daythe day before / the previous daythe next / following daya year beforethe previous nightthat night“I’ll do it tom orrow .” - She told me (that) she would do it the next day.“ Do I have to do it now?” - I wondered if I had to do it right away.“ Look at this document.” - She wanted me to look at the document.NB! Adverb changes depend on the context.
It is not always necessary to makethese changes, especially in spoken Indirect Speech.□ “I’ll see you tonight”, he said. - He said he would see me tonight.*15NOTES:1.The main sphere where the Sequence of Tenses is applied is the object clause:□Harris said he knew what kind of place I meant.2.If there are several subordinate clauses in a sentence, the rule is observed in all of them .□I knew that he had told her that he received the letters every week.- Я знал, что он сказал ей, что получает эти письма каждую неделю.147THE□□3.SEQUENCEOFTENSESI th o u g h t he w o u ld te ll her that he in ten d ed to go to the Crimea.- Я думал, что он скажете й, что он намеревается поехать в Крым.Не said that Jack had told her that he was writing a play.- Он сказал, что Д жек говорил ей, что он пишет пьесу.The Rule of the Sequence of Tenses is not observed:a)if the object clause expresses a general truth or something is represented as habitual, customaryor characteristic.□ The teacher told the children that water boils at 100°C.□ Galileo proved that the Earth moves round the Sun.□ The speaker said that the peoples want peace.□He to ld them that he usually g oes home by bus.□ He asked what time the train usually starts.□ We knew that he plays tennis well.b)if the original speaker was talking about a present or future situation that is still present or future(soon after it was said).□ I told you it is raining.
(In some hours) I told you it was raining.4.In when/if-clauses we use the Past Simple/Past Continuous/Past Perfect depending on the situation.□I thought that we would discuss the problem when the manager returned from Moscow.□ He said he would be reading while she was writing the letter.□ He said that he would go home after he had translated the article.5.In attributive clauses, adverbial clauses of cause and comparison we also use Present or Future.□ My brother told me about the book you are writing.□He was not able to translate the article because he does not know English well enough.□He refused to go to the theatre because he will have an exam in a few days.□ It was not so cold yesterday as it is now.□ He was once stronger than he is now.6.
When we say how Iona something has been happening, the sentence can have a double meaning.It depends on the context or situation.□ I knew that she had been ill for two months.1. Я знал, что она болеет уже два месяца.2. Я знал, что она болела два месяца.BUT:7.I knew that she had been ill.
- Я знал, что она болела.Не said that it had been raining. - Он сказал, что шел дождь.The Past Simple can stay the same if we use:in 1945□He said that he left Moscow 5 years ago.2 years ago□He knew that Peter was at home yesterday.yesterday«=>□ She said she was working when I rang her up.last weekwhen he cameBUT:8.□□□He said that he had left Moscow the day before.two years before,the previous night.The Past Simple after since and when generally remains unchanged.□ She said, “ I have been writing since I cam e.”- She said she had been writing since she came.□ “When I came, Jane was playing the piano.”Kitty said that when she came Jane was playing the piano.148GENERALRULES........................... there.
3 . 1forgot what he (to look).......................... like. 4. What surprised me was thatPat (to b e ) ...........................so much at home here.5. He asked me what I (to d o ) ......................... andwhether I (to be going) for a swim. 6 . 1was surprised(В, C) Say whether the action of the objectyou (to kn ow )........................... my name. 7. He toldclause precedes (P), follows (F) or is simultaneoushis father that now he (to m a k e )............................(S) with the action of the principal clause in theten dollars a week less. 8. When I knew him better,following sentences:he admitted that he (to fe e l)...........................lonely1. He asked me what work I was doing and whether I in London. 9.
She wanted Wilfred to forbid my walkingin the park alone. She said it (to b e )..........................intended to go to university. ...5... 2. She claimeddangerous.that she had met Monty on her way home........3. Then I thought about Mother. She would certainlyask me where I had been all day...... 4.
She said she~- (В, C) Make the actions in the following objectwould be staying in town the next day to do someclauses precede those of the principal clauses.shopping...... 5. Out of the corner of my eye I saw theEXERCI SESyouths had stopped talking and were watching us......6. In the hotel the waiter told me that an Americanhad been staying there for three m onths....... 7. Itwas also rumoured that Dan had got m arried.......8. I knew she was itching to tell me what hadhappened.......
9. He knew that his mother wouldthink he was seriously ill and would probably speakto the teacher.......10. Rudy decided that he wouldhave to tell Bogart that it was impossible for him toappear before the board the next day.......(В, C) Give your reasons as to why the rulesof the Sequence of Tenses are not observed in thefollowing sentences.1. At ten o ’clock he telephoned again, saying thathe (to ch a n g e )........................... his mind. 2 . 1knewthat for the past twenty-five years he (to buy)............................
the same paper each morning.3. She seemed to have forgotten what (to happen)........................... a few minutes before. 4 .It was notknown where he (to spend)..........................his earlychildhood. 5. The question was why he (to do)............................it at all. 6. Then he admitted thathe (to live )...........................since the summer in hisfather’s house. 7. What she could not understandwas why he (to t e ll) ............................them such apack of lies. 8. She w rote tha t they (to let)........................... their house for a year.
9. One dayshe told me why she never (to get m arried)..............................10.1 wondered what she (to do)........................... there so late at night.1. He says he is free tomorrow. 2. He spoke with thesatisfaction of a competent workman who knows hisjob from A to Z. 3. He sought pleasure in the simpleand natural things that life offers to everyone.kJ(В, C) Use the required tense-aspect forms4. Monty told me that he had no permit for the guninthefollowing sentences, observing the rules ofand that in England it is illegal to own a gun withouttheSequenceof Tenses where necessary.a permit. 5.
I knew I should go; but we sat therebecause it is difficult to go without any particular1. When I went into the office next morning, I alreadyreason for leaving. 6. Billy folded his arms and leaned(to form ulate)......................... my plan. 2. She endedback. “ I told you I don’t like m ilk.” 7. I will say thatby saying that she (to th in k ).......................... she (towe have agreed to provide for the child. 8. I don’tm ake)..........................
a mistake. 3. She knew whatthink that I shall ever work for your father. 9 . 1hope(to g o ) ........................... on in their minds. 4. So Iyou know what you’re doing.w e n t into th e living roo m w h e re m y a u n t a lre a d y (tow a it).......................... for me. 5. She telephoned herhusband to the office to say that her brother (toО(В, C) Make the action of the following objectreturn)..........................from abroad. 6. An old friendclauses simultaneous with those of the principalrang up to ask how Elizabeth (to fe e l)..........................clauses.and whether she (c a n )........................... go with hiswife to the concert on Sunday morning. 7. Most of1.
I thought you (to h a v e )...........................betterthe trees already (to p u t) ........................... out theirsense. 2. She could not imagine what he (to do)149THESEQUENCEleaves and there were buds everywhere. 8. Heremembered that he (not to s e e )............................Lily for three weeks.
9. She hadn’t yet figured outwhat she (to b e ) ...........................going to do. 10. Itwas possible that Jack (to h a n g )............................around. 11. Everybody tho u gh t they (to live).......................... in happiness for nearly thirty years.OFTENSESчто они были в Ливерпуле.
17. Я слышал, что ониработают уже несколько месяцев. 18. Мы не знали, что он болен. 19. Мы не знали, что он так давно болен. 20. Он не знал, что мы знаем друг другас детства./(В, С) Translate the following into English,observing the rules of the Sequence of Tenses.v.)(В) Translate the sentences from Russian intoEnglish.1. Он мне говорил, что интересуется историей.2. Он знал, о чём она думает. 3. Он сказал, чтовернётся очень скоро. 4. Я знал, что она жилав Сан-Франциско. 5.
Я знал, что она живёт в Лондоне. 6. Я думал, что он получает от неё письма.7. Я был рад, что он получил от неё письмо. 8. Ядумал, что они пригласят нас. 9. Я был уверен,что он работает на этом заводе. 10. Я был уверен, что он работает, и поэтому не вошел в комнату. 11. Он сказал мне, что видел их накануне.12. Я был уверен, что он сидит в саду. 13. Онаговорила, что книга ей нравится. 14. Я был уверен, что он живёт здесь уже много лет. 15. Я вчера слышал, что они в Эдинбурге. 16.
Мы слышали,2.1. Я был уверен, что он жалеет, что поссорилсяс ней. 2. Я подумал, что он устал, и спросил его,что он делал всё это время. 3. У меня быловпечатление, что он находится там уже некотороевремя. 4. Она говорила, что не может понять,почему они переменили решение. 5. Он ещё незнал, что будет делать в Нью-Йорке. 6. Он сказал,что они обсудят этот вопрос, как только директорвернётся из Москвы. 7. Я думал, что вы позвонитемне, когда получите телеграмму. 8.
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