English Grammar Reference and Practice. Drozdova (810400), страница 33
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11. Когда вы должны бытьв университете завтра? 12. Мне надо идти тудасейчас?II1. Вам придётся написать ему ещё раз. 2. Импришлось долго ждать автобуса. 3. Я должен былокончить работу вчера, но не смог этого сделать.4. Чья очередь (turn)? Кто должен идти за водой?5. Тебе придётся взять пальто. Становится холоднее. 6.
Было уже поздно, и нам пришлось поехать на метро. 7. Подожди немного, я должнадочитать главу до конца. 8. Вам придётся зайтипозже. Её ещё нет. 9. Тебе обязательно надо ехатьсегодня? 10. Когда он должен приехать? 11. Отецне разрешает ей приходить домой поздно, онадолжна быть дома к девяти часам каждый вечер.12. Вчера вечером автобус был полупустой (halfempty), и мне не пришлось стоять.4.1 Must - to Express Probability,Near CertaintyIn its second meaning must denotes probability or supposition bordering on assurance, almost a conviction(probably, obviously, evidently).
We use must or must have (done), when we are fairly sure that somethingis the case. In this meaning it is used in affirmative sentences only.|iДолжно быть,вероятно□□□do it—be doing—have donehave been doingHe must +He must be at home at this hour.Oh! You must be Sylvia’s husband.We must have taken the wrong road.109PresentPastMODALVERBSIn negative sentences and sentences referring to the future supposition is expressed by means of themodal words evidently, probably.□ Evidently, she didn’t know my address.□ She will probably come tomorrow.□ She is not likely to come so late.Com pare the Following Patterns:ГTIME OF THE ACTIONPRESENTPASTFUTURENECESSITYNEAR CERTAINTYMust waitДолжен ждатьMust knowДолжен знатьMust be waitingДолжно быть, ждётMust knowДолжно быть, знаетHad to waitДолжен был ждатьПришлось ждатьHad to knowДолжен был знатьНадо было знатьMust + have been waitingДолжно быть, ждалMust + have waitedДолжно быть, подождалMust have knownДолжно быть, знал^Will have to waitПридётся ждатьWill have to helpПридётся помочь—-....___________________10(A, B) In the following statements of near certainty change the form of the Infinitive to refer tothe past.
Add appropriate time references.(Model?) □□They must know him.Должно быть, они его знают.They must be waiting for you.Должно быть, они ждут вас.They must have known him, then.Должно быть, они его знали.They must have been waiting for you yesterday.Должно быть, они ждали вас вчера.1.It must be raining.4.They must be always trying to help him.2.She must be pleased about it.5.She must know nothing about it.3.She must be really fond of you.6.She must be out shopping.110MUST7.This must be the prettiest garden in the village.9.8.She must be the youngest child in her class.10.
The children must be at school now.12(В, C) Write comments with must after thefollowing sentences.(В, C) Paraphrase the following sentences,using must + Infinitive to express near certainty.Use the Simple Infinitive when speaking about thepresent, the Perfect Infinitive when speaking aboutthe past.(JVIodelf) □□Somebody must be trying to get you on the phone.1.2.Of course, he is somewhere here. - *1He must be somewhere here.Certainly, she knew that somethingwas wrong.
- She must have knownthat something was wrong.You have not eaten for the whole day? (you/starve) You must be starving.They have been travelling all night? (they/beexhausted)3.He has passed his exam? (he/delighted)4.Your wife is in hospital? (you/very worried)5.Your son has won a scholarship? (you/veryproud of him)1.la m sure the information was wrong.2.She was obviously upset by something.3.Probably, he recognized you by your photo inthe papers.(В, C) Open the brackets, using the correctform of the Infinitive.
Translate the sentences intoRussian.4.He is sure to be in at this time.5.Of course, she is trying to help you.6.She is certain to be waiting for you at home.7.Probably, the play is over by now.8.There is nobody in. Evidently, they have goneshopping.9.No doubt, she knew what she was about to do.1. George must (b e )................... pleased that hehas passed his examination. 2. I found this babybird at the foot of the tree.
It must (fa ll)....................out from a nest. 3. If Fred left here at four o ’clock,he must (b e ) ......................home by now. 4. Look,there’s a tree right across the road! It must (be)...................... blown down by the gale last night.5. I sat on a seat in the park and now my coat iscovered with green stripes. The paint must (be).....................wet.
6 . 1don’t know at what time I wentto bed last night, but it was late. It must (be)...................... after midnight. 7. Look, the streetsare wet; it must (ra in ).....................now. 8. He must( b e ) ......................very careless if he makes suchmistakes. 9. The baby woke up when she went intothe bedroom. She must (m ake).....................noise.10. The taxi-driver got to the airport in half an hour.He must (d rive ).....................very fast.
11. He nevergot the letter. I must (send)....................to the wrongaddress.10. I’m sure she is very fond of the child.11. They are sure to have taken the wrong turning.12. Probably, the dog was hungry.13111MODAL14(A, B) Make assumptions. Complete thesentences, using the words from the box. Translatethe sentences into Russian.can’tmustmightVERBS15(В, C) We are all consumers and shouldknow our rights.
Fill in may, must, can in theConsumer Protection Act.§223. A m erchant............................show the priceclearly on everything in his store.have done§224. No merchant, m anufacturer, advertiser.............................. charge more than theadvertised price.1. Someone ate all the chocolate cakes before the§231. No merchant, m anufacturer, advertiserparty started.............................. advertise a product whenJ o h n .........................................................it, he wasn’the doesn’t have enough in stock.there.§248. No commercial advertising............................D o ris ...........................................be directed at people under 13 years at age.................it, she likes chocolatevery much.F re d ............................................(В, C) Translate the following negative............
it, he’s got chocolate allsentencesinto English.over his face.16(M o d e llT ) □2. Someone stole $1,000,000 from the bank.Anna .............................................................. it, shewanted to buy a big new house.T hom as........................................................... it, he’dnever do a thing like that.D iana..........................................................
it, she ranaway to South America last night.3. Someone broke the window in the neighbour’shouse.C hristine........................................................... it, shewas at home all day.P au l........................................................... it, he’s gotbits of glass in his hair.The b o y s ..........................................................
it, theywere playing football near there.Она, должно быть, не дала ему1возможности возразить.She must have given him noopportunity to object.1.Должно быть, он не сделал ошибки.2.Должно быть, они не обедали.3.Должно быть, она не имела опыта.4.Должно быть, он не дал ответа.5.Должно быть, они не принимают мер.6.Должно быть, она не обращает внимания наэто.7.Должно быть, у них нет книг.8.Он, должно быть, не получил ответа.9.Должно быть, денег за работу они не получили.10.Она, должно быть, не старалась (take thetrouble) сделать это правильно.112MUST("Model 2Г) □□Должно быть, он об этом не знал.Evidently, he didn’t know about it.Он, вероятно, не знает.He probably doesn’t know.1.Должно быть, они ещё не пришли.2.Вероятно, они этого не знают.3.По-видимому, это не было сделано вовремя.4.Вероятно, это не здесь.5.Это, должно быть, не заняло много времени.6.Должно быть, он не придёт завтра.(С) Translate the sentences.1.
Должно быть, он хорошо знает язык. 2. Должнобыть, он ещё здесь. 3. По-видимому, он унёсбумаги с собой. 4. Очевидно, здесь уже кто-то был.5. Вероятно, они над нами смеются. 6. Должнобыть, они тогда жили здесь. 7. Должно быть, идётдождь. 8. Вероятно, дождь уже прекратился.9. Должно быть, он как раз чинил пробки (fuse).18(В, С) Translate into English, using the verbto have in its modal meaning.1.2.3.4.5.6.Мне сейчас приходится много работать, таккак я болела и отстала от группы.Вам придется поговорить с ним лично.Нам пришлось переждать дождь на станции.Я вынужден был извиниться, хотя мне этобыло неприятно.К н и гу н е о б хо д и м о п е р е п л е сти , иначенекоторые страницы могут потеряться.Вам приходится очень рано вставать, не так ли?4.2 Revision(В, С) Paraphrase the sentences, using the verb must.1.
Probably, that building in the distance is the station. That building in the distance m ust be thestation. 2. The boy was evidently reading something funny. He was smiling all the time. 3. They have mostlikely not realized what opportunity they were losing. 4 . 1shan’t bother you any longer; no doubt you aretired of my talking. 5. I see something is eating him. He looks worried. 6. It was clear the family wereexpecting some guests: Mother was bustling about the house tidying up the rooms.
7. He surely did not findout the real reason for their silence. 8 . 1am sure he has got all he needed.(В, C) Combine the verb must with the proper form of the Infinitive in brackets.1 .1feel I must (to d o ).......................... something before it is too late. 2. You must (to follow )............................my advice.
There is no other way out for you. 3. “The hotels must (to d o ) ............................ a tremendousbusiness,” old Jolyon thought. “A few years ago there had been none of these big hotels." 4. She must (tobe) ................................ a n g ry w ith you. S he d o e s n o t even lo o k in y o u r d ire c tio n . 5. S he m u s t (to g e t)............................ angry with me. She left without saying good-bye. 6. Mary must (to b e ) ..............................ill, otherwise she would have come. 7. She turned pale. She must (get frig h te n e d )...............................(В, C) Translate the sentences from Russian into English.1. Я должна прочесть эту книгу. 2.
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