English Grammar Reference and Practice. Drozdova (810400), страница 30
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(= managedto escape)They didn’t want to come with us at first but in the end we were able (= managed) to persuadethem.w as/w ere able to = managed («смог», «удалось»)The negative couldn’t is possible in all situations:□ My grandfather couldn’t swim.□ We tried hard but we couldn’t persuade them.2.We use could (do) in a number of ways:a) it is a past of can (do), expressing general ability in the past:□My grandfather could speak five languages.b) sometimes we use could to speak about possible future actions. In this case it has a present orfuture meaning:□ What shall we do this evening?We could go to the cinema.Мы могли бы пойти в кино.□ When you go to New York, you could stay with Linda....ты могла бы остановиться у Линды.In this meaning the past of could (do) is could have (done).
We use could have (done) to say that we hadthe ability or opportunity to do something but did not do it:□ We didn’t go out last night. We could have gone to the cinema but we decided to stay at home....могли бы пойти в кино, но решили остаться дома.□ Why did you stay at a hotel in New York? You could have stayed with Linda.96CAN3.We□□□□□□□eh* I / ' *Cloften use can + verb in place of the Simple Present with the verbs of perception:I can see a bird in that tree. (= I see)Can you see it? (Do you see it?)I looked up but couldn’t see anything.
(= didn’t see)I can smell something burning.I can understand what he means.I couldn’t understand what he said.I can’t see anyone.tU 7S&EXERCISES!(A, B) Explain the meaning of can (ability - A,permission - P, request - R, prohibition - Pr,possible action - PA) in the following sentences.1. She is unwell, she can’t leave her room. ...A...2.
Can I smoke here, Mrs Right?......3. The teachersaid they could all go home.......4. A policeman arrivedand told him he couldn’t park there........5. My son isnot in town; but he’ll be here before long. - Can Igive him any m essage?......6. We can discuss itnow........ 7.
I could never understand what madeher behave as she did....... 8. If you are tired you canlie on the sofa for a bit........ 9. We are in charge ofthis great business. We cannot leave our responsibilityto others........10. He was surprised that she couldpaint so well........11. She is not married, though shecould marry anybody she chose........5.О(A, B) Fill in the blanks with could or w as/were able to; will be able to or will not (won’t) beable to.1. When her arm is better, s h e ...................................play the piano again. 2.
I’m sorry but I ................................... come to your birthday party next week.3. H e ................................. eat everything when thedoctor allows him. 4. He suddenly felt ill but he.................................... finish his speech, although atthe end he could hardly stand. 5. My sister................................. go out to dances until she is seventeen.6. Why do you sit at the back of the class if you can’thear well? Y o u .....................................
hear better ifyou sit in the front. 7. He was very strong; he................................... ski all day and dance all night.8. I was a long way from the stage. I .................................. see all right but I .......................................not hear very well. 9. The town was full of visitorsand we didn’t know where we would spend the nightbut at last w e .................................... find two vacantrooms in a small hotel. 10. Before his illness, he.....................................
work fourteen hours a day ifhe had to. 11. When I arrived, everyone was asleep.Fortunately, I .....................................wake my sisterand she let me in.Z.(A, B) Complete the sentences, pointing outall the advantages and disadvantages of living inthe country.The C ottag e I ’ve Bought Is W onderful.I W ant to M ove in N ext W eek(Model?) I ’ll be able to get my vegetables from thefarm nearby.11.2.3.4.go to my tennis club so often. It’s just too faraway.I ........................................
enjoy peace and quietwhen I need it. But it could be a bit too quiet!I ........................................cycle to work. It’s toofar.I ......................................visit my friends so oftenas it’s a long way from the city.I .........................................have friends here forthe weekend as I’ve got a spare room.I .......................................
sit in the garden whenthe weather is fine but I .......................................97MODAL(В, C) Translate the words in brackets, usingthe verb can.(A, B) Tell about the things which were possiblebut did not happen. Complete the sentences usingcould or could have with a suitable verb from thebox.1. Of course I (м о гу )..................................translatethis article. 2 . 1think I (мог б ы ).................................show you how to do it.
3. You (м о ж н о)...................................... go and tell her about it. 4. (Можно)............................... I see the doctor now? 5. He (могбы п о м о ч ь )..................................you but he didn’twant to bother. 6. You (м ожете)................................easily get there in 20 minutes. 7. You (сможете)...................................... do it d ire ctly on return.8.
(М ож н о ).............................. I have some creamwith my tea? 9. You (н е л ьзя )..................................discuss the subject with your friends. 10. She was ina hurry, she (не м огл а ).................................wait forus. 11. There is a sign. You (нельзя) ...............................take pictures here. 12. The swimmer wasvery tired but he (с м о г)..................................reachthe shore.
13. Before her illness, she (могла).................................. work fourteen hours a day.14. When they buy a car, they (с м о гу т )..............................visit their friends more often.\JVERBSjoingohurtpaint(jVlodeh) / d o n ’t know where to go on holiday.II could go to America.1. In the holiday I ..................................my room butI spent my tim e with friends instead.
2. You................................... your room blue if you want.3. I suppose I ................................... the tennis clubthis year. 4. Sam didn t know what to do last night.H e ................................. to the cinema but he stayedat home. 5. When Sam was climbing that tree, hefell down. H e ................................. himself badly buthe was lucky. He only banged his knee.~!Translate the sentences into English, usingthe verb can.(В, C) Choose the correct alternative.1. Why did we listen to you? John can be/could havebeen in hospital at the moment instead of lying hereand waiting for the ambulance.
2. Excuse me,Madam, can you/couldyou turn off the light, please?3. I couldn’t have watched/haven’t been able towatch this film for years. It’s dishonest! 4. Finally,they co uld/w e re able to visit their birthplace.5. You could have helped/could help your brotherinstead of watching TV. 6. The trip insurance cost$700 but I could buy/was able to buy it for $650because my sister worked in the travel industry.7.
Can you/could you lend me some money, Dad?8 . 1 haven’t the least notion where your mobile phoneis. It can be/could be in the bedroom, that’s all Iknow. 9 . 1wish I had married her, I could have been/can be in Italy now. 10. He was able to find/couldfind his sister in the crowd, I don’t know how.98I. (A, B)I. Он сможет говорить по-французски свободно(fluently), когда вернётся из Парижа. 2. Можно мневзять твою ручку? - Да, пожалуйста. 3. Вы умеетекататься на коньках? 4. Когда он был молодым,он мог пройти 20 километров в день.
5. Никто немог мне помочь. 6. Ты сможешь сделать эту работузавтра? 7. Я умел плавать, когда мне было пятьлет. 8. Ты мог бы перевести этот текст? 9. Этукнигу можно купить в любом магазине. 10. Мысможем поехать в горы в следующем году.II. (В, С)1. Несмотря на шторм, он смог доплыть до берега.2. Он не мог показать нам расчёты, так как онине были готовы. 3. В комнате темно, я не могунайти свои вещи. 4. Можно мне чаю? 5. Я могувернуться на автобусе.
6. Он даже не представлял,что она может так хорошо рисовать. 7. Там былотак душно, что мы едва могли дышать. 8. Почемуты не можешь признать (admit), что был неправ?9. Вы можете доказать (prove) его невиновность?10. Можно повесить это объявление в коридоре?CAN2,1Can - to Express Strong Doubtor AstonishmentCan/couldhe +□□□(I(generally)--------(at the moment) —(then)--------(for 4 hours already)PresentPastCan he know it? - Неужели он знает это?Can he be working now? - Неужели он сейчас работает?Can he have been waiting for us all this time? - Неужели он ждал нас всё это время?Не может быть,чтобы; вряд л и□□dobe doinghave donehave been doingdo----be doinghave donehave been doingНе can’t +PresentPast“Oh!” cried Fleur. “You can’t have done it!” - He может быть, чтобы вы это сделали!She can’t be still waiting.
- He может быть, чтобы она всё ещё ждала вас.We Can Express Strong Doubt about Negative Statements:f «Неужели он не..... . «он не мог не...»1«не может быть, чтобы он не...»Model:1.2.3.Не didn’t notice you.a) Сап/could he have failed to notice you? - Неужели он не заметил вас?b) Не can ’t have failed to notice you.
- Он не мог не заметить вас.Не может быть, чтобы он не заметил вас.Не doesn’t like it here.a) Can he dislike it here? - Неужели ему здесь не нравится?b) Не can ’t dislike it here. - He может быть, чтобы ему здесь не нравилось.Не didn’t see your letter.Can he have never got my letter? - Неужели он не получил моего письма?99MODALEXERCISESVERBS7. Could it ( b e ) ................................... a joke? Shefelt rather hurt.
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