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Current is applied anda thin layer of silver forms over the glass face.Theprocessis calledelectroforming.It producesa rigidmetal negativeto the master which is called the Fathelll2 PairworkactivitiesBThe digital signal to be recordedis sent to a laser.Thelaser is aimed at a spinning glass disc coated with aphotoresist chemical.
As the laser turns on and off,theresist is burnt offor remains, matching the exactpattern ofthe sÍgnal.cThe stampers are placed in a moulding press.Meltedplastic is Ínjectedinto the moulds and allowed to cool.This produces a clear plastic disc,a substrate,with thepits ofthe original recording accuratelycopied on oneside.Unit 11p.85StudentAJade EmpireThis is a role-playÍnggame.You play the part of astudent at a martial arts school.Your village isattacked.You get to explore imaginary worlds and fightwith enemies.It was developedby BioWare forMicrosoft.It'splayed on an Xbox.
The real-time combatfeatures are particularly good.N a m eo f t h e g a m eUnit9 p.72Company /D e v e l o p m e ntte a mStudentATypeof gameFriction pileConsoleReinforced concretepiles which are used in soft soilwhich becomes stiffer with depth.The piles stay inplace because ofthe squeezing force ofthe soil roundthem.Cood featuresFloating raftStudentBA raft of reinforced concrete.For situations when theground is soft or there are tunnels or mines under theground which could cause collapse.Unit l2 p.91UnitrO p.79StudentADeviceBedoccupancysen5oÍCarbonmonoxidedetector(wireless)FloordetectorCas shut-offvalveM e d i c a t i o nd i s o e n s e rPropertyexitsensora)What it'sforb) How it worksP a i r w o r ka c t i v i t i e sl l 3Unit5 p.31Unit 14 p.103StudentBStudentAYou are the interviewerforthe job of StageTechnÍcian(p.100).Write a list of questions to ask the applicant.REFLECTOREXAMPLESl What work experÍencehaveyou had?,. Why do you want thísjob?,+Why do you thÍnkyou would be good at thisjob?.
What areyour strengths?" DescrÍbea difficult sÍtuationyou handled well.Give the candidate a chance to ask you questions aboutthe job.BLACK BOTTOMACCUMUI.ATORUnitl? p.94Unit15 p.106StudentAStudentAMakeMotorolaModelRAZRKeyboardtypefullQwertyScreen32Ox74O pixel,65Kt h i nf i l m t r a n s i s t o r ,l i q u i dc r y s t a l d i s p l a ySoftwareMicrosoftPocketE x p l o r eOl utlook,Word,WindowsMediaOtherfeatures1 .
3m e g a p i x ecl a m e r aBluetoothM P 3 , A A C , W M Aa n dWAV audiofileplaybacak n dv i d e ocaptureEmailc o m p a t i b l ew i t h avarietyof servicesI nt h e p a s t ,Í | i c k e r i nsgc r e e n ms a d ee | e c t r o n ibco o k sa n dn e w s p a p e rusn c o m f o r t a btl oe r e a df o r l o n gp e r i o d sT. h eA m e r i c a nc o m p a n yE, I n k ,h a ss o l v e dt h i s p r o b l e mb yproducineg l e c t r o n iicn k .T h es y s t e mw o r k sb y f o r m i n gt h o u s a n dos f b l a c ka n dw h i t ec a p s u l e si n t ol e t t e r sw h i c ha r ea l m o s ta s g o o da s p r i n t e dc h a r a c t e rTs .h e ya p p e a ro ns c r e e nws h i c ha r ea s t h i n a s p a p e ra n d c a n b e b e n tw i t h o u tc a u s i n gd a m a g e .s h i c hu s et h i sD i f f e r e ncto m p a n i ehs a v er e l e a s e dp r o d u c t wn e wt e c h n o l o g yS.e i k oh a v ep r o d u c e da w a t c hw h i c hy o uc a n b e n dr o u n dy o u rw r i s t .S o n yh a v er e l e a s e dtheirR e a d edr e v i c el.t i s n o t h i c k e tr h a na p a p e r b a cak n dw e i g h sj u s t2 5 0 g r a m m e sl t.
h a sa s i x - i n c hs c r e e na n d c a ns t o r eb o o k sa n dc o m i cb o o k sd o w n l o a d e fdr o mt h e l n t e r n e tl.ta c c e p t sb o t hm e m o r ys t i c k sa n d S D f l a s hm e m o r yc a r d s .S o n yc l a i m st h eb a t t e r i ews i l l a l l o wu p t o 7 , 5 0 0p a g et u r n s .O n t h e d o w n s i d ei ,t h a s n o b a c k l i g hat n dw i t h c o m i cb o o k st h e b a t t e r i ecsa n b e e x h a u s t e idn t w e n t vh o u r s .ll4Symbolsand charactersSymbolsandcharactersMathematicalsymbolsEXAMPLEMEANING8.5689eight pointfivesix eight nine+Rl+ R2R one p/usR two++3mY minusYoneplusor minus3 metresR=Rr*RzR equals/ is equal to R one plus R two#or:v + v r + v 2 V doesn'tequal/ is not equal toY one plusV twol=28mAI is approximotelyequa I to twenty eight m i ||iam psXf x120F times/ multipliedby onehundredandtwentyno sign betweentwo quantitiesE=lRE equalsI times/ multipliedby RRIover / divided byRTheratio ofltoRonequantityoveranother36 + 5 =7.2 thirtysix dividedbyfiveequalssevenpointtwo*%l>-l*VIisproportionaltoY1 1: 1(a ratio of) eleven to one25%twenty-fiveper cent300cthirtydegreescelsiusV5thesquarerootof / rootoffiveR2RsquaredX'Xcubed104lo-otento thepowerfourtento thepowerminuseight> 1 0d Bgreaterthan ten decibels< 2 5m Aless tha n twenty-five m i Iliam ps>5Wgreaterthan or equal tofive watts<10wlessthan or equal toten wattsurl charactersSYMBOLMEANINGEXAMPLESforwardslashwwurtinyrrl,esml_gat7nb a c ks l a s hw w w dottinyu r Idotcomforwardslashq a t 7 ndothttp;/wwwoeree{q---brccolonh t t o c o l o nd o u b l e f o r w a r sdl a s hw w w d o t m e r c e d e shyphenbenzdot comhyphenunoerscoreC r a m m a rr e f e r e n c el l 5Grammar referencei Comparisonswith adiectivesand adverbsWe can use lesswith adjectivesand adverbs of two ormore syllables to mean the opposite of more.Computerswere lesspowerful in the past.They worked less efficiently.Comparative adjectivesWe can addmuch before comparative adjectivesandadverbsto suggesta strongercomparison.Adjective Comparativeone-syllableadjectivesadd -erfastfasterone-syllableadd -rsafesaferThesesalesfiguresare muchworse than I expected.That reportwas written much more recently thanthis one.e rl i eriirrecending in -etwo-syllableadjectivesending in -ychange -y easyto -ier2 PresentSimplev PresentContinuouseasterPresentSimpleadjectiveswith more +realÍstic morerealistictwo or moreadjectivesyllablesgoodbadbetterworseÍorfarther /furtherirregularadjectivesI /You/We/Theyenjoymaths.He / She / Itenjoys maths.= subject+ verbNegativeComputersarefaster today.This report Ísmore realistíc.When we compare two things or situations directly,we use the comparative+ than.Theprograms today are more sophistícatedthan inthepast.N or Theprograms today are @thepast.AdverbComparativeadd -erfastfasteradd -rlateIaterchange -y earlyto -ierI /You /We / Theydon't want to be an engineer.He / She / Itdoesn't want to be an engineer.= subject+do /does+ not+infinitiveShort answersQuestionsinComparativeadveÍbsadverbswithsame formas adjectivesPositiveDoI/you/we/theylike theYes,I / you / we /proposal? theydo.Does he / she / itlike theYes,he / she / itproposal? does.N o ,I / y o u / w e /they don't.No, he / she /itdoesn't.earlier=Do / Does + subject + infinitiveNote that in short answers we use the fullforms do /doesin positiveresponses,and the short forms don't /doesn'tin negativeresponses.adverbs ending more+adverbin-IyslowlymoreslowlyirregularadverbsgoodbadweIIworseÍorfarther /furtherWe use the Present Simple to talk aboutthings that are always truerepeatedactionsverbs that describethinklng and feeiing.Water boils at 100oC.She doesn,tgo to collegeon FrÍdays'Do you think the amount of traffic will increase?l l 6 C r a m m a rr e f e r e n c eWith the PIesent ContÍnuous,we often use a timeexpression such as now,currently,at the moment, thisyear.PresentContinuousPositiveIam studyingto be an engineer.You/We /Theyare studyingto be an engineer.He/She/Itis studyingto be an engineer.= subject + am / are / Ís+ -ing formNegative'm not startingIthe course untilSeptember.You/We/Theyaren'tstartingthe course untilSeptember.He/She/Itisn'tstartingthe course untilSePtember.= subject + am / are / Ís+ not+ -ingformShort answersO_uestionsAm Iworking onthis project?Are you/we/they workingonthis project?Ishe / she / itworking onthis project?With the Present Simple,we can use expressionsthatrefer to a specific point in time, such as on Tuesday,atnine o'clockor adverbsand expressionsoffrequency such asusually,always,onWednesdays,threedays a week.3 QuestiontypesThere are two main types of questions.Those whichrequire aYes/ No answer,and information or l4lhquestions,whích ask for specific information.YesI No questionsThese begin with an auxiliary verb, such as do,am / is Iare,have/ has,can,could,will,must,etc.Short answersPositivefinishedtheprototype?Yes,I am.HaveyouYes,you/we/theyare.Doesthe prototypeWillthe designsYes,he / she / itis.No,I'mnot.No,you / we /they aren't.No, he / she / itisn't.= A m / a r e / í s +s u b j e c t + .
i n g f o r mNote: In short answers we use the full forms am / is /'mnot Iare in positive responses,and the short formsaren't / isn't in negatlve responses.We use the Present Continuous to talk aboutthings that are happening nowthings that are happening for a límited period oftime around now.She'sworking at the Telford office today.I'mstudying to be a surveyor.Remember that we can use most verbs in both thePresent Simple and the Present Continuous, except theverbs of thinking and feeling such as know,want,Jeel,think.Iike.work?be ready intime?Yes,I have.Yes,Ítdoes.Yes,they will.= auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (+object)NegativeHaven'tyoufinishedtheprototype?No.Ihaven't.Doesn't the prototypework?No, it doesn't.Won'tbe readyÍntime?No,theywon't.the designs= auxiliary verb + not + subject + main verb (+object)lnformationquestionsThese begin with question words, such as what, who,and how.We can use how inwhen,where,why,which,other combinations, such as how much,how many,howlong,howfar, how safe, etc.The que stion w or ds what, whi ch, h ow mu ch, and h owmany canbefollowed by a noun.Grammarreferencell7Whatdoyouthinkofthis solution?Howmany machines has thecompany bought?=questionword (+object)+auxiliary +subject+maÍnverbIn the two sentencesabove,the questionword is theobjectof the main verb.Notethat what who,whÍch,howmuch,howmany canalsobethe subjectof aquestion.Inthis case,the wordorderis the sameasin apositÍvesentence.madeof simplylists the materialsthat a productconsistsof.However,in practice,theseexpressionsareoftenusedto havethe samemeanÍng'Somebottlesare madeof / madefrom plastÍc.SteelismadeoJ/ madefromironandcarbon5 Time clausesWhíchsolutionworksbest?We use when, as, before,afrer to show clearly the orderin which different events happened.
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