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After that, the loaves arebaked in giant gas ovens for precisely 21minutes. Next, they're left to cool for 110minutes, and then taken out of theÍrtinsusing suction.Then they're sprayedwith achemical to keep them fresh longer.Next,the loaves are sliced in a high-speed slicerwith giant saw blades. Finally, they'rewrapped by the wrapping machine andsent to the supermarkets.As a police offrcer,technology helps mework safely and more effrciently. Everypolice ofícer who,s out on duty carries, orwears,plenty of equÍpment_both ]owtech and high-tech.For example,we allcarry a torch.
It's lightweight and metal, sonot easily broken. It's very useful. A lot ofincidents happen in dark places,and youcan use it to signal to traffrcif there'satraff,c accident at night.We all have handcuffs - still the simplestway to restrain someone. You can cufftheÍrhands together,or cuff themtosomething solid like a gate or even toanother person. The type we have arecalled'quickcuffs'becauseyou can usethem very easily.In the UK, not all police officersarelicensed to carry firearms - guns and so on- but all of us have batons.They're madefrom polycarbonate so they're strong butnot heavy to carry. They extend to keeppeople at a safe distance. We also have CSgas canisters.lf someone gets violent,CSwill incapacÍtatethem for a short time.And we wear knife-proof vests, a kind ofbody armour made of Kevlar.Some police forces are experimentingwith stun guns,tasers,for use againstsuspectsarmed with a dangerousweapon,Iike a knife.
They give a powerfulelectricshock.We all carry radios so we can contact eachother and polÍceheadquarters at anytime. We can get help quickly orinformation about a suspect. And ofcourse, we all have a notebook. Thefunction ofthat is obvious!Unit7It'smyjobI work in a iarge plant bakery. We makebread for supermarkets.Most of the breadpeople eat in the UK comes from plantsIike this. My job is to keep the plantrunning, to maintain all the machinery. Ifanything goes wrong, it's myThe processnever stops.Our bakeryproduces10,000loaves per hour-that's240,000per day!Unit8!t'smyjobI work for a Po]ish company whÍchconvertsdiesel engines to run on naturalgas.They're used in forklifts and tractors,but mostly in buses.Diesel-enginebusescan produce a lot ofpollution.
The airquality in city centres is often quíte poor.Natural gas-fuelied engÍnesare muchcleanerthan diesel.The work that we do ishelpÍngto improve the air quality in ourcities.In the past few years, we've started tobuild gas-poweredgenerators.Theyproduce up to 100 kilowatts. They run onbio-gas from sewage treatment plants.They produce all the power the plantneeds,and more.When there'sa powercut, people find it a bit strange that thesewage plant has all its lights on.I travel quite a lot in my job.l help toinstall new generators all over the countryand to provÍdesupport for bus companieswho use our engines.We're planning toexport to other EU countries so I mighthave more opportunity to travel outsidePoland and maybe use my English.s c r i p t s1 2 7ListeningPronunciationstressCorrectiveIA Electricmotors aren't very efficient.B No,electricmotors are very efficient.2IA Hybrid cars have a diesel engine and anelectricmotor.B No,hybrid carshave a petrol engine andan electric motor.2A Hydrogenfuelcells are cheap.B No,hydrogen fuel cells aren't cheap.3A Most car drivers are happy to use publictransport.B No, most car drivers aren't happy to usenr rhlinivancnnrtAA LPG cuts down pollution a lot.B No, LPG cuts down pollution a lÍttle.5A ASVs are more dangerous fornaipctriencB No,ASVs aresafer for pedestrians.6A Solar-poweris the answerto ourtransport problems.B No, solar-powerisn't the answer to ourtransport problems.7A Air travel is good for the environment.B No,airtravel isn'tgoodfortheenvrÍonment.8A Trains and cars are examples of publictransport.B No, trains and busesare examples ofnrrhlintran<nnrtUnit9It'smyjobI'm self-employedbut I work with threeother guys as a gang - that's like a team.We get contracts from constructioncompanies,maybe a few weeks,maÉe ayear.It depends onthe size ofthebuilding.
You have to be preparedto travelwherever the work is but the monev isgood.There are bonuses too,for finishingahead ofschedule.Unit 1OWhat we do is we build the steel frames ofall sorts of buildings.l've worked onsupermarkets,warehouses,and multistorey bulldings, including one that wasIt'smyjob?O cfnrcrrchiohEverything is pre-fabricated.The steel iscut to the right size and drilled before itcomes to the site.We have to bolt or weldthe piecestogether.It sounds easy but trylining up a one-tonne girder swingingfrom a crane on a winter's day whenyou're a hundred metres up! We like towork fast,and to do that you need groundpeople who make sure everything reachesyou in the right order,and a craneoperatorwho can deliver on the spot right where you need it.On atypical day,l could be working atwelve-hour shift.
If you're high up, youdon't come down for tea-breaks.Everything you need is up there - canteen,toilets.Is it dangerous?Well, yes,but there are alot of safety precautions.We have to weara safety harness with a lÍfeline.There aresafety cables slung round whichever flooryou're working on, and you clip on to oneas soon as you start.There'sa safety netunderneath the floor untii the deck isdown. For me, the most dangeroustime ismoving the girdersinto the right position.You could be crushed.I d like to set up my own constructioncompany eventually,and employ othersto do thÍskind of work.Pronunciation- Stressin longwords (1)IabcdefaluminiumcomponentconstructiondefectiveinstalledpoweredohijkIprecautionprefabricatedreinforcedskyscrapertemperaturesvisibility31 appÍopIiatedevelopingautomaticexplorationdesignatedgeneÍatoÍe' "m e' r' _ocnripqb__'"--kilometrehorizontal regulationpolystyrene unfamiliarhelicopter supermarketoperatorMy special area is electronic assistivetechnology, or EAT for short.
I work for acompany which makes equipment to helpseverelydisabled people.I mean peoplewho can't walk, people who have verylimited movement - perhaps they canmove only their head.We make equÍpmentwhich helps thesepeopie to live as independently aspossible.By moving their chin, by blowingdown a tube, or simply by speaking,theycan send an email, adjust the temperaturein the room, or operatea TVIn this kind of work, you need aknowledge of mechatronics.That'swheremechanics,electronics,and softwareengineering meet.
Take a page-turner,forexample. It'sa device which turns thepages of a book or magazine.The inputcan be a pneumatic switch - that's aswitch worked by air pressure.Youoperateit by sucking or blowing down atube.These signals are Ínterpretedby amicroprocessorwhich controls themechanism which turns the pages.Thatmechanism uses electrical andAll three branches ofmechanica] devÍces.engineering combine to make it work.It'san exciting job. Each development intechnology means new possibÍlitiesfordisabled people.Pronunciation- Linkingwordst a door opener31 a curtain opener2 a window opener3 apersonalalarm4 a remote control5 a light switch6 a domestic appliance7 agearbox8 adieselengÍne9 a digital radío10 anMP3 plaver128 ListeningscriptsUnitltUnit 12Listening- Opinions- DescribingListeningchangesI=Interviewer,M=Max, S=SamI Max,howdoyoulistento music?M Live.of course.but I also listen to musiconline. I go to Napster and searchformusic I like.I Can you listen first and decide Ífyouwant to pay for a trackTM Yes,if you don't like it you can skip it.
Ifyou do like it, you can download it toyour hard drive or burn it to a CD.I Sam,howdoyou listento music?S CDs,albums, MP3 player,minidiskssometimes,and online. You can havemusic now anytime and anywhere youwant it.I What's so special aboutthis wayoflisteningTYou can make your own music libraryon your hard drive or MP3 player. Youcan have a playlist oftracks you listen towhen you get up, or a playlist for whenyou travel to work, or when you want torelax in the evening.Some MP3 playerswill decide what you like listening toand arrange the tracks for you. You canexchangetracks with friends - it's illegalbut everybody does it.I read that more than seven miIIÍonpeople here in BrÍtainregularlydownload their music from illegal sites.M That'sjust theft on a huge scale.It'sdamaging music - musÍcfor the future'It cheatsthe musicians and therecording companÍes.People whodownload illegally are buying feweralbums and far fewer singles.It'shurting the music industry.I Is itjustteenagerswho're doingthis?M No, it's all sorts of people.I What shou]dthe musÍcindustrydo?M Set up their own sites for selling musiconline.
Go after anyone who downloadsillegally.I Whatdoyouthink,Sam?S CDs are over-priced.I don't seewhy weshouldn't share tracks with friends.L=Laura,J=JournalistL Well, we're much more effrcientnow.lnthe past,cans were made from threepieces of metal: sides,top, and bottom.Now, it's just two. The sides and bottomare made from one piece.lt'sa muchfaster processand less metal is used.Weused to get 50 cans from every kilo ofaluminlum, now we get 75- and halfthe aluminium is from recycledcans.I OK. What about other changes?Is thereanything the averagecustomer wouldnotice?L Well, we've introduced pull tabs on allour range,so can openersaÍealmost athing ofthe past.in the past,paperlabels were applied at the canningplants. Now we can print dÍrectlyontothe can whatevel our customeÍswant.J What about yourworkforce? Anychangesthere?L our workforce Íssmaller.About halfthe number who were emploved tenyears a8o.Customercare-Working on ahelp deskJ=John, A=AlexJ Hello.Help desk,John speaking.Howcan I help?A Hi, it's Alex from Accounts.We've got aproblem with our prÍnter.J Whatmakeisit?A lt's a Hewlett Packard.J OK,it'sanHP.What model is it7A lt's a Laserjet2400.J Thanks.What exactly is the problem?A I had a papeI jam.
I've clearedÍtbut itwon't print and the orange light is on.J Mm-hm. Is there paper in the printerTA Yes,I,verefÍlledit.J All right. Inthe bottomleft of yourscreenyou'll seethe'Start'button. Click.Settings]on it. Choosethen,PIÍnters,'OK?A Yes.J You should see your printer listed.Double click on it. What does it savunder'Status'?A Er,'Printing paused'.J Ah, click on'Printer'and choose'Purgeprint document'.That should clear it. Itmay take a few seconds.Then try tonYin+^^^iáPr rr rL a6arr r.A ... OK,ah,that'sclearedit.Thanksa1ot.ByeJ Noproblem.Bye.- .edÍormofPronunciationverbsandwordswith silentlettersI12345678constructedcontrolledcustomizeddamageddisabledflnishedintegratedinvented9101112131415mixedoperatedplannedproducedreflectedsearchedworked2/t/flnished mixed produced searchedworked/dtcontrolled customized damageddisabled planned/i/constructed integrated inventedoperated reflected51 lÍstening2 might3 modeliing4 pneumatic5 should6 vehicle7 wouldUnit 13It'smyjobI'm a TelecommunicationsTechnician.Iwork for a company which providesphone systems for business use,especÍallybanks.I,vebeen wÍththecompany for eight years.Beforethat, I wasin the army for four years.I joined when IIeft school.l was in Signals.Theytrainedme to set up and maÍntainmobÍlecommunications equÍpment- satellitedishes,antennas,VHF radios,that sort ofthing.
I enjoyedmy time in the army mostly becauseI travelled quite a lot. I'vebeen to Norway, Kenya, and Belize.I've seen quite a few changes in phonesystems.We've replaced copper cablesListeningscripts129with fibre-opticnetworks.The mostimpoftant one now is the change to VolPThat'sVolce over Internet Protocol.Basically,it's a system that allows voicesignalsto be sent via the Internet.You canmake long distance calls cheaply.In general,telecommunicationsequipmenthas become more complex,more powerful in the data it can handle and lighter.My job used to be 70%brainand30%muscle.Now it's 90%brain and10%muscle!Most of my work is lndoors though. It'snot just installing and testing equipment- I have to explain to clients how to usethe new systems.Being able to explainquite compllcatedtechnology in simpleterms is an important part of my work.That'sone of the things I enjoy most.Sometimes I have to work outdoorstobring a line into a building or fix a dish onthe roof.It'sgreat in summer but it's notmuch fun if it's pouring with rain!Pronunciation- Past SimplevPresentPerfect12345They've spent time in the army.I'vetexted him an invitation.He's faxed me a reply.Toddphonedtheoffice.She emailed me twice.CustomerGare- ExplaininginsimpletermsThe CD and the DVD are both types ofmedia for storing information.
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