CCNA 1. Networking Basics v3.1.1 Student Lab Manual (796248), страница 3
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The preceding figure shows the successful resultwhen running tracert from Bavaria in Germany. The first output line shows the FQDN followed bythe IP address. Therefore, a DNS server was able to resolve the name to an IP address. Then thereare listings of all routers the tracert requests had to pass through to get to the destination.tracert uses the same echo requests and replies as the ping command but in a slightly differentway.
Observe that tracert actually contacted each router three times. Compare the results todetermine the consistency of the route. Notice in the above example that there were relatively longdelays after router 11 and 13, possibly due to congestion. The main thing is that there seems to berelatively consistent connectivity.Each router represents a point where one network connects to another network and the packet wasforwarded through.Step 11 Trace other IP addresses or domain namesTry tracert on other domain names or IP addresses and record the results.
An example istracert www.msn.de.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Step 12 Trace a local host name or IP addressTry using the tracert command with a local host name or IP address. It should not take longbecause the trace does not pass through any routers.5-6CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.7Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.This concludes the lab.ReflectionIf the above steps are successful and ping or tracert can verify connectivity with an Internet Website, what does this indicate about the computer configuration and about routers between thecomputer and the web site? What, if anything, is the default gateway doing?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6-6CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.7Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Lab 1.1.8 Web Browser BasicsObjective•Learn how to use a web browser to access Internet sites.•Become familiar with the concept of a URL.•Use a search engine to locate information on the Internet.•Access selected web sites to learn the definitions of networking terms.•Use hyperlinks to jump from the current web site to other web sites.BackgroundA web browser is a very powerful tool that many people use everyday to surf around different siteson the World Wide Web.
A web browser can help find anything from airline flight information to thedirections on how to get to a place. A browser is a client application program or software that isloaded on the PC to gain access to the Internet and local web pages.The web site name, such as www.cisco.com, is a Universal Resource Locator (URL). This URLpoints to the World Wide Web server (WWW) in the Cisco domain (CISCO) under the Commercialdomain (COM).When the URL is typed, the browser makes a request of a Domain Name Server (DNS) to convertthe URL to an IP address.
The IP address is used to contact the site.The browser can be used to access search engines by typing the name in the address bar. Somesearch engines include www.yahoo.com, www.excite.com, www.lycos.com and www.google.com.There are several web sites that provide definitions of networking and computer related terms andacronyms. These can be used to help learn more about networking and to do research on theInternet. Two of these are www.whatis.com and www.webopedia.com.Most web sites contain hyperlinks. Hyperlinks are words that are underlined and highlighted. Byclicking on a hyperlink a user "jumps" to another page on the current site or to a page on anotherweb site.A computer configured with an up-to-date browser and access to the Internet is required.Step 1 Start the web browserIf using a modem to make the connection, dial the number before starting the web browser.
Whatversion of Netscape or Internet Explorer is being used?__________________________________________________________________________Step 2 Identify the location or address fieldAfter the browser has been started, click and highlight the Location field in Netscape or theAddress field in Internet Explorer in the toolbar at the top of the page. Press the Delete key to deletethe current address.1-2CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.8Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Step 3 Type in a Web URLType in www.cisco.com and press Enter. This is how to navigate from one site to another on theWorld Wide Web (WWW).Step 4 Type in another Web URLTo load a new page, type in a new URL such as www.cnn.com.
Notice the status on the bottom barof the browser. What does it say? ________________________Step 5 Use the browser management buttonsEach of the buttons on top of the browser has a function. If the mouse is positioned over a button abox will appear identifying the button.Click on the Back button.
What did it do? ________________________Click on the Forward button. Does it return to the CNN Web site? ________________________Try clicking on the Reload or Refresh button. What do they do?__________________________________________________________________________Type www.microsoft.com and press Enter. Click on the Stop button as the window is loading.What happens?__________________________________________________________________________Step 6 Use a search engineType the URL for a search engine such as www.google.com.
Search for the word browser. Whatwas the result?__________________________________________________________________________Step 7 Access networking terms definitions web sitesEnter the URL for www.webopedia.com. Enter the keyword of browser. What was the result?__________________________________________________________________________What hyperlinks were available?__________________________________________________________________________Enter the URL for www.whatis.com.
Look up the keyword of DNS. Click on the Exact Match forDNS under whatis.com terms. What does it say about DNS?__________________________________________________________________________This concludes the lab.ReflectionIdentify a way to navigate from one site to another.If the same graphics or text is seen the next time the NBA site is visited, what should be done toensure that updated news is seen?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2-2CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.8Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Lab 1.1.9 Basic PC/Network Troubleshooting ProcessObjective•Learn the proper sequence for troubleshooting computer and network problems.•Become familiar with the more common hardware and software problems.•Given a basic problem situation, be able to troubleshoot and resolve the problem.BackgroundThe ability to effectively troubleshoot computer related problems is an important skill.
The process ofidentifying the problem and solving it requires a systematic step-by-step approach. This lab willintroduce some basic hardware and software related problems to solve. This lab will assist inbecoming more familiar with PC components and the software required to use the Cisco curriculum.The process of solving a problem is fairly straightforward. Some of the suggestions here are morethan what will be required to solve basic hardware and software problems. They will help provide aframework and guidelines when more complex problems arise. A list of sample problems to beintroduced is provided in the instructor’s version of the lab.The Eight Basic Steps for PC and Network Troubleshooting ProcessStep 1 Define the problemDescribe what is happening or not happening using proper terminology.
For example: The PCcannot get to the Internet, or the PC cannot print.Step 2 Gather the factsObserve the symptoms and try to characterize or identify the source of the problem:•Is it hardware related, check for lights and noises. Is it software related, are there errors onscreen?•Does the problem affect this computer or user only, or are others also impacted?•Does it affect this software only, or more than one application?•Is this the first time the problem has happened or has it happened before?•Was anything on the PC changed recently?•Get the opinions of others who may have more experience.•Check web sites and troubleshooting knowledge databases.Step 3 Consider the possibilitiesUse the facts gathered.
Identify one or more possible causes and potential solutions. Rank solutionsin order of the most likely to the least likely cause.1-3CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.9Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Step 4 Create an action planDevelop a plan that involves the single most likely solution.
The other options can be tried if theoriginal solution fails. Consider the following in the development of a plan:•Check the simplest possible causes first. Is the power turned on or plugged in?•Verify hardware first then software.•If it is a network problem start at Layer 1 of the OSI model and work up the Layers. Studies showthe majority of problems occur at Layer 1.•Can substitution be used to isolate the problem? If the monitor does not work it could be themonitor, video adapter or cables. Try another monitor to see if it corrects the problem.Step 5 Implement the planMake the change(s) from the plan to test the first possible solution.Step 6 Observe the resultsIf the problem is solved, go on to document the solution.
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