CCNA 1. Networking Basics v3.1.1 Student Lab Manual (796248), страница 2
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All machines in the LAN should share thesame default gateway.Record a couple of the IP Addresses:__________________________________________________________________________Step 10 Check additional TCP/IP configuration informationTo see detailed information, type ipconfig /all and press Enter. The figure shows the detailedIP configuration screen.The host name, including the computer name and NetBIOS name should be displayed. Also, theDHCP server address, if used, and the date the IP lease starts and ends should be displayed.
Lookover the information. Entries for the DNS, used in name resolution servers, may also be present.The previous figure reveals that the router is performing DHCP services for this network. This wouldlikely be a small office or home office (SOHO) or small branch office implementation.Notice the Physical Address (MAC) and the NIC model (Description).In the LAN, what similarities about the Physical (MAC) Addresses are seen?__________________________________________________________________________While not a requirement, most LAN administrators try to standardize components like NICs.Therefore, it would not be surprising to find all machines share the first three Hex pairs in the adapteraddress.
These three pairs identify the manufacturer of the adapter.Write down the IP addresses of any servers listed:__________________________________________________________________________5-6CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.6Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Write down the computer Host Name:__________________________________________________________________________Write down the Host Names of a couple other computers:__________________________________________________________________________Do all of the servers and workstations share the same network portion of the IP address as thestudent workstation? ____________________It would not be unusual for some or all of the servers and workstations to be in another network.
Itmeans that the computer default gateway is going to forward requests to the other network.Step 11 Close the screenClose the screen when finished examining network settings.Repeat the previous steps as necessary. Make sure that it is possible to return to and interpret thisscreen.This concludes the lab.ReflectionBased on observations, what can be deduced about the following results taken from three computersconnected to one switch?Computer 1IP Address: 192.168.12.113Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0Default Gateway: 192.168.12.1Computer 2IP Address: 192.168.12.205Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0Default Gateway: 192.168.12.1Computer 3IP Address: 192.168.112.97Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0Default Gateway: 192.168.12.1Should they be able to talk to each other? Are they all on the same network? Why or why not? Ifsomething is wrong, what is most likely the problem?6-6CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.6Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Lab 1.1.7 Using ping and tracert from a WorkstationObjective•Learn to use the TCP/IP Packet Internet Groper (ping) command from a workstation.•Learn to use the Traceroute (tracert) command from a workstation.•Observe name resolution occurrences using WINS and/or DNS servers.BackgroundThis lab assumes the use of any version of Windows.
This is a non-destructive lab and can be doneon any machine without concern of changing the system configuration.Ideally, this lab is performed in a LAN environment that connects to the Internet. It can be done froma single remote connection via a modem or DSL-type connection. The student will need the IPaddresses that were recorded in the previous lab. The instructor might also furnish additional IPaddresses.Note: Ping has been used in many DOS attacks and many school network administrators haveturned off ping, echo reply, from the border routers. If the network administrator has turned offecho reply then it is possible for a remote host to appear to be offline when the network isoperational.Step 1 Establish and verify connectivity to the InternetThis ensures the computer has an IP address.Step 2 Access the command promptWindows 95 / 98 / Me users – Use the Start menu to open the MS-DOS Prompt window.
PressStart > Programs > Accessories > MS-DOS Prompt or Start > Programs > MS-DOS.Windows NT / 2000 / XP users – Use the Start menu to open the Command Prompt window. PressStart > Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt or Start > Programs > Command Promptor Start > All Programs > Command Prompt.Step 3 ping the IP address of another computerIn the window, type ping, a space, and the IP address of a computer recorded in the previous lab.The following figure shows the successful results of ping to this IP address.1-6CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.7Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Ping uses the ICMP echo request and echo reply feature to test physical connectivity.
Since pingreports on four attempts, it gives an indication of the reliability of the connection. Look over theresults and verify that the ping was successful. Is the ping successful? If not, perform appropriatetroubleshooting. ____________________If a second networked computer is available, try to ping the IP address of the second machine.Note the results. __________________________________________Step 4 ping the IP address of the default gatewayTry to ping the IP address of the default gateway if one was listed in the last exercise. If the ping issuccessful, it means there is physical connectivity to the router on the local network and probably therest of the world.Step 5 ping the IP address of a DHCP or DNS serversTry to ping the IP address of any DHCP and/or DNS servers listed in the last exercise.
If this worksfor either server, and they are not in the network, what does this indicate?__________________________________________________________________________Was the ping successful? ____________________If not, perform appropriate troubleshooting.Step 6 ping the Loopback IP address of this computerType the following command: ping 127.0.0.1The 127.0.0.0 network is reserved for loopback testing. If the ping is successful, then TCP/IP isproperly installed and functioning on this computer.Was the ping successful? ____________________If not, perform appropriate troubleshooting.Step 7 ping the hostname of another computerTry to ping the hostname of the computer that was recorded in the previous lab. The figure showsthe successful result of the ping the hostname.2-6CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.7Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Look over the results.
Notice that the first line of output shows the host name, m450 in the example,followed by the IP address. This means the computer was able to resolve the host name to an IPaddress. Without name resolution, the ping would have failed because TCP/IP only understandsvalid IP addresses, not names.If the ping was successful, it means that connectivity and discovery of IP addresses can be donewith only a hostname.
In fact, this is how many early networks communicated. If successful, thenping a hostname also shows that there is probably a WINS server working on the network. WINSservers or a local “lmhosts” file resolve computer host names to IP addresses. If the ping fails, thenchances are there is no NetBIOS name to IP addresses resolution running.Note: It would not be uncommon for a Windows 2000 or XP networks to not support this feature.It is an old technology and often unnecessary.If the last ping worked, try to ping the hostname of any another computer on the local network. Thefollowing figure shows the possible results.Note: The name had to be typed in quotes because the command language did not like thespace in the name.3-6CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.7Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Step 8 ping the Cisco web siteType the following command: ping www.cisco.comThe first output line shows the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) followed by the IP address.
ADomain Name Service (DNS) server somewhere in the network was able to resolve the name to anIP address. DNS servers resolve domain names, not hostnames, to IP addresses.Without this name resolution, the ping would have failed because TCP/IP only understands valid IPaddresses. It would not be possible to use the web browser without this name resolution.With DNS, connectivity to computers on the Internet can be verified using a familiar web address, ordomain name, without having to know the actual IP address. If the nearest DNS server does notknow the IP address, the server asks a DNS server higher in the Internet structure.Step 9 ping the Microsoft web sitea.
Type the following command: ping www.microsoft.comNotice that the DNS server was able to resolve the name to an IP address, but there is no response.Some Microsoft routers are configured to ignore ping requests. This is a frequently implementedsecurity measure.ping some other domain names and record the results. For example, ping www.msn.de______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4-6CCNA 1: Networking Basics v 3.1 - Lab 1.1.7Copyright 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.Step 10 Trace the route to the Cisco web siteType tracert www.cisco.com and press Enter.tracert is TCP/IP abbreviation for trace route.
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