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ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1

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«ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПУТЕЙ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПАНИИ В СИСТЕМЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ КОРИДОРОВ»

Nowadays the Far Eastern direction is becoming a high-priority vector in the international policy of the Russian Federation. The issue with the organization of international transport corridors on the territory of the Russian Far East is very pressing as the growth of commodities turnover between Western Europe and Eastern Asia is continuous. The Russian Far East is on the shortest routes from European countries to Pacific-Rim countries. In connection with this there emerges a problem of broadening economic cooperation with Eastern countries which is necessary for the Russian Far East. That is why nowadays an extremely important task is to find out real opportunities of the Russian Far East in the sphere of international transit potential development by improving the formed international transport corridors. In addition, there is a need in real opportunities in the region to form logistics industrial systems and transport services markets, which will efficiency show the perspectives of region’s development and the results of international economic cooperation improvement. Consequently, the subject-matter of this graduation paper can be characterized as very topical.

The primary target of the paper is to analyze the current conditions of the international transport corridors system which runs throughout the territory of the Russian Far East.

The development of the Russian Far East forms new economic opportunities for realization of strategic plans on entering fast developing markets of Pacific-Rim countries, which will strengthen the country’s transit potential and mutually profitable economic cooperation with other countries.

In modern interpretation, transport corridors are the directions that accumulate considerable volume of freights most often shipped by different means of transport. International transport corridors (ITC) in turn provide shipping of the foreign trade freights: export, import and intransit. In addition, trans-regional shipments are delivered through these corridors.

Besides traffic and carrying capacity, Russian ITC should provide the maximization of goods distribution speed and the minimization of transport unit costs in realization of transit shipments through the territory of Russia. New level of transport service quality should become one of the most important factors in supporting economic development of the Russian Far East.

The main idea of this graduation paper attempts to find out, compare and structure main problems, which prevent current ITC from reaching a new level of development. Also, the paper gives practical suggestions for the transport company which conducts business on the territory of the Russian Far East on their effectiveness improvement in the system of ITC.

The Russian Far East occupies 36.1% of the country’s territory. On the one hand, it is the biggest region in Russia, but on the other hand, it occupies the most modest positions in social and economic spheres.

The Far Eastern region has an important geopolitical and geostrategic position for Russia and for Pacific-Rim countries. Far Eastern region has a way out to two oceans: the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, also it shares borders with four countries – the People’s Republic of China, Japan, Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), the USA; this makes the region a Pacific frontier of the Russian Federation and a fully legitimate representative in the North-Eastern Asia. Moreover, the Far Eastern region is situated on the shortest ways from European countries to the Pacific-Rim countries and from North America to South-Eastern Asia. In that context, there emerges a need for the Russian Far East to implement developmental potential for many logistics industrial systems and transport services markets. These vectors of development will be the basis for new corridors’ formation; moreover, they will help improving the present-day international transport corridors, which efficiency will show the perspectives of region’s development and the results of international economic cooperation improvement.

Nowadays there are a lot of different transport corridors, which comprise the world’s trade. In this graduation paper there is given a detailed analysis of major international transport corridors that connect the Russian Far East with the countries of PRC, Europe and the USA: Trans-Siberian, Northern Sea Route, Primorie-1, Primorie-2.

Trans-Siberian international transit corridor (“Transsib”) has the highest value for the Russian Federation. The main participants of the “Transsib” from the Far Eastern Federal District are the Far Eastern Railway, which provides forwarding of more than 30% of Russian export and more than 25% of other countries’ transit, and Far Eastern seaports: Nakhodka, Vostochny, Vladivostok, Posyet, Slavyanka,Vanino. Trans-Siberian Railway is a powerful double-track electrified railway main line with a total mileage 9,282,000 km, which is equipped with modern means of informational and telecommunication support.

The system of international transport corridors of the Russian Far East includes another Eurasian transport corridor – Northern Sea Route (NSR). NSR is a main Russian navigable route in the Arctic Region. NSR runs through the seas of the Arctic Ocean (the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchee Sea) and connects Russian European seaports with Far Eastern seaports. The length of NSR from the Kara Strait to the Providence Bay is 5,600 km. Northern Sea Route is regarded as a competitor to the South Sea Route (SSR), because the distance between Saint Petersburg and Vladivostok by NSR is about 14, 000 km and more than 23, 000 km by SSR.

Besides Trans-Siberian Railway and North Sea Route, the system of international transport corridors on the Far Eastern territory includes corridors of regional significance Primorie-1 and Primorie-2; they connect China’s northeast provinces with other Pacific-Rim countries through the seaports of Primorsky Krai. These transport routes have been among high-priority international transport corridors of modern Russia and have been keeping their strategic meaning. “Primorie-1” (Harbin – Grodekovo – Vladivostok/Nakhodka/Vostochny – Pacific-Rim countries seaports) and “Primorie-2” (Hunchun – Kraskino – Posyet/Zarubino – Pacific-Rim countries seaports) are included in the Conception of the Trade Corridors of the Northeast Asia and in the Federal special-purpose program “The Development of the Transport System in the Russian Federation”. The Conception was designed by The Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia (ERINA, Japan); its main idea is in developing united transport space on the basis of coordinated work of separate corridors.

Russian Far Eastern transport system includes different objects of transport infrastructure, transport network, rolling stock, technical equipment, various economic entities of railway, marine, inland water and highway transport. The Far Eastern Federal District occupies a little bit more than 36% of the whole country’s area, which equals 6,169,300 sq. km. Even though its territory is very big, the region’s transport network, however, is poorly developed and has its peculiarities. The first peculiarity lies in low mileage of land communication lines. Another peculiarity of Far Eastern transport system is low density of communication lines in region in general. Nowadays Russian land transport infrastructure is not capable to accept export and import shipments from Asia to Europe.

In the context of international transport corridors and main aspects of their functioning, problems that accompany progress in this sphere cannot be underestimated. First, there should be analyzed common problems of the transport system in general:

1. High cost of the transit shipment (overstated without a reasonable basis tariffs on shipment by railway, highway, marine transport, on a transshipment in seaports and stations, also custom duties and tariffs are overstated).

2. Undeveloped transport infrastructure, lag in use of up-to-date transport technologies, lag in level of automation and informational support of multimodal and intermodal shipments.

3. Deficit in ways of operations’ coordination between Russian marine, railway, highway carriers, seaports, stations and forwarding agents.

4. Absence of suitable legislative and regulatory systems in providing of international transit cargoes’ shipments with different means of transport, which can be used for multimodal and intermodal shipments.

5. Poor development by Russian insurance companies system of insurance for the transit cargoes on their routes through the territory of the Russian Federation.

6. Mismatch between international and Russian level of logistics service.

7. Absence of modern transport terminals, which will be able to handle big amount of transit transport.

8. Continuous cargo delays due to customs and boundary procedures in seaports and transshipment stations.

Besides general problems, some refer to every international transport corridor in particular. These problems are generally related to the development of transport infrastructure and transport facilities of one or another transport hub, which is a constituent part of a transport corridor.

Another one problem for the ITCs under analysis is competition. It is obvious that international transport operators primarily use ITCs, which pass through the territory of Russia’s neighboring countries. This happens because of the imperfection of Russian ITCs. The main alternative transport corridors are as following China Land Bridge, the New Silk Way (TRACECA), Iran Route, South Sea Route.

An absolute leader (main shipment route) on the market of container shipments between Western Europe and Eastern Asia is South Sea Route, which nowadays provides about 10% of all world’s sea transportations. In spite of all advantages, the named corridors have a lot of disadvantages which are not extrinsic to the corridors of the Russian Far East.

Common problems of the transport corridors can be resolved with the help of government reforms, orders, and a presidential decree, but resolution of specific problems demands serious investments. The situation is complicated because the problems cannot be solved with the use of only budget funding, private funds should be involved. Nowadays there is a positive tendency in the process of corridors’ development because foreign investors pay great attention to the development of the Far Eastern ITCs.

The fact that over the recent years an attention of the Federal center to the social and economic problems of the Far East has grown should be taken into consideration. A number of groundbreaking documents focused on a balanced growth of the Russian East have been signed. Some of the most important documents are “The Strategy of Social and Economic Development of the Far East and Transbaikal Region to 2025” and “The Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation to 2030”. Nowadays colossal government and private funds are invested in realization of great capital investment projects which include the development of transport infrastructure on the district’s territory.

“The Strategy of Social and Economic Development of the Far East and Transbaikal Region up to 2025” was approved on December 28, 2009 by the Government decree of the Russian Federation. According to the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin (President of the Russian Federation nowadays), the key objectives on the Far East are the development of conditions for complete integration of the region into the economic space of Russia, the improvement of the business and investment attractiveness, and a change for the better of the quality of life for residents of the Russian Far East.

Elaborated strategy is a document that contains a strategic plan of the largest macroregion development for 15 years. First of all, this document is complex. It embodies a complex of strategic decisions accepted in industrial and corporate government strategies and takes into account strategies of subjects of the Federation. Secondly, the recording of the strategic priorities of the government policy in the public document gives a clear signal for the business-community about government’s long-term plans.

Besides “The Strategy of Social and Economic Development of the Far East and Transbaikal Region to 2025” in the Russian Federation was approved on the 22^nd of November, 2008 by the Government decree of the Russian Federation “The Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation to 2030”. This document was made to determine main directions of the government transport policy, including transport system development objectives and principles of the government regulation of transport activity. The Transport strategy comprises all means of transport (highway, railway, air, marine and inland water) and road facilities.

There will be achieved a development of the technical and technologic characteristics of the ITCs, which provide corridors’ competitive ability on the worlds’ analogs level, for the integration into the world’s transport space and realization of the transit potential of the country. Logistics and information technologies will gain traction in order to accelerate guaranteed delivery of the transit freights, to provide its safety, to improve service quality. Modern technologies of customs registration and control over goods using systems of electronic logistics tracking will also gain traction. However it is thought to use actions of tariff regulation and other forms of government support for the transport services of the Far Eastern economic entities’ activity.

Arctic transport system will gain traction. International transport corridors will be formed for further integration of Russia into the global economy. Northern Sea Route will gain traction as an element of the international transport corridors system integrating them with the basic transport system of the North, Siberia and Far East. Transportation potential of the accelerated infrastructure development will be implemented on the railway transport. In this regard will be modernized, renewed and improved the rolling stock, will be made modern forwarding management system with the use of satellite navigation means and digital technologies of data transfer and processing. Container shipping will get the priority development; will be provided a move towards modern multimodal technologies of container processing, especially on the joints of seaports and railway stations with the use of logistics parks. The formation of the basic transport network will allow organizing modern highway transportation systems, which will serve international and national shipments with the use of logistics terminal technologies. For the efficiency improvement seaports work will be integrated into being created multimodal logistics systems including both dockside terminals of different purpose and terminals in large region’s transport hubs and dry ports. Regular passenger sea link will be reconstructed in the littoral zones of the Far Eastern seas.

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