Computational Thinking - Учебное пособие (1176923), страница 16

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Unique in the UK,StACC aims to become an international center of excellencefor research in cloud computing and will provide informationto businesses interested in using cloud-based services.In June 2011, the Telecommunications Industry associationdeveloped a Cloud Computing White Paper, to analyze theintegration challenges and opportunities between cloudservices and traditional U.S. telecommunications standards.In contracting with the main providers there are growing legalissues with cloud contract.

There is one such effort thatdemonstrates a secure cloud infrastructure. With funding fromthe European Union TClouds (Trustworthy Clouds) projectwas launched, which includes IBM Research-Zurich, thesecurity company Sirrix, as well as a number of universitiesand other companies. HP Labs, Intel, and Yahoo havelaunched the distributed Cloud Research Test Bed - withfacilities in Asia, Europe, and north America - to developinnovations such as cloud-computing chips.TClouds project is building an interconnected global “Cloudof clouds” framework to back up data and applications in caseone cloud provider suffers a failure or intrusion.

RecentlyTClouds researchers at the University of Lisbon and at IBMResearch-Zurich demonstrated one such “cloud of clouds”architecture. It used a data-replication protocol to store dataamong four commercial storage clouds – Amazon S3, Rackspace Files, Windows Azure Blob Service, and Nirvanix CDN– in such a way that the data were kept confidential and alsostored efficiently.90In the future, individual clouds will most likely give way tofederations of clouds. That is, businesses will use multiplecloud providers for storage, backup, archiving, computing,and so on, and those separate clouds will link their services.So even if one provider suffers an out-age, customers will stillenjoy continued service.Ultimately, the cloud computing can be made at least assecure as any company’s own IT system.

“It will become theessential foundation for a greatly expanded IT industry bylowering the economic and technical barriers for millions ofdevelopers to bring new offerings to market, and for billionsmore customers to adopt those offerings”, said IDC’s Gens.Once that happens, reaching out to a cloud provider forcomputing needs will be as commonplace as getting hookedup to the gas or electric company.Notes:Gartner – research and consulting company specializing in ITmarketsLady Gaga’s “Telephone” – a news video featured onYouthTubeMP3 – an encoding format for digital audio designed by theMoving Picture Experts Group.Front end…back end - In computer science, the front end isresponsible for collecting input in various forms from the userand processing it to conform to a specification the back endcan use.

The front end is an interface between the user andthe back end.Outsourcing - an effective cost-saving strategy when usedproperlyDeduplication - the term refers generally to elimination ofduplicate or redundant informationA buzz phrase – a phrase connected with a specialized fieldor group that usually sounds technicalMiddleware - the leading business innovation platform for theenterprise and the cloudGrid computing — a form of distributed and parallel91computing, whereby a 'super and virtual computer' iscomposed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupledcomputers acting in concert to perform very large tasksА mainframe computer — a powerful computer used mainlyby large organizations for critical applications, typically bulkdata processingA backup - the copying and archiving of computer data so itmay be used to restore the original.IDC – Information Data CorporationGens Frank – IDC researcher in broad industry trendsSOAP – Simple Object Access ProtocolExercises:1.

Give Russian equivalents to the following words andphrases and explain them in your own words:To be up to the task; to become available, accessible; ondemand; to bring the costs down; to run the risk; thepercentage is likely to grow; to reap the full benefits; to backup data; data-replication; to give way to; hook up; utilizationtechnique; totap into; a shared pool; to safeguard;processing power2. Complete the word formation using the prefixes (de, dis,in, il, un, im, ir, up) and suffixes:Clear; ability; appropriately; available; load; possible;material; rational; regular; directly; experienced; equal;possible; order; kind; to convince; to expect; to apply; toduplicate..3.

Translate the sentences into Russian, paying attention tothe compounds:1. More commonly the phrase refers to network-based services provided by real server hardware.2. It’s a model for enabling on-demand network access to ashared pool of configurable computing resources that can berapidly provisioned and released.3. Typically, the seller has actual energy-consuming servers92which host products and services from a remote location, soend-users can simply log on to the network without installinganything of their own.4. The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back tothe 1950s, when large-scale mainframe computers becameavailable in academia and corporations, accessible via clients/ terminal computers.5. In 1961, the late John McCarthy, an artificial-intelligencepioneer, proposed a different term for what is essentially thesame thing:” utility computing”.6.

Only in the past few years, with the advent of high-bandwidth networking, Web-based applications, and powerful andcheap server technology, has McCarthy’s vision finally beenrealized.7. Virtualization generalizes the physical infrastructure, whichis the most rigid component, and makes it available as a softcomponent that is easy to use and manage.8. If the cloud computing system's back end is a gridcomputing system, then the client could take advantage of theentire network's processing power.9. Cloud computing gives the option of storing data onsomeone else's hardware, removing the need for physicalspace on the front end.10. By moving its data and computation to the cloud, acompany runs the risk that the cloud-service provider,another customer, or a hacker might inappropriately gainaccess to sensitive or proprietary information.11.

Data-storage clouds are also vulnerable.12. One class of attacks exploits a space-saving techniqueknown as data deduplication. .13. But unexpected things can and do happen, even whenyou’re dealing with well-established and presumably well-runcompanies14. TClouds’ project is building a “Cloud of clouds”framework to back up data and applications in case one cloudprovider suffers a failure or intrusion out-age.15.Once that happens, reaching out to a cloud provider for93computing needs will be as commonplace as getting hookedup to the gas or electric company.4. Give English equivalents to the following words andphases :Справиться с задачей; ускорить решение; снизитьзатраты; авторизоваться; датировать; подключиться к;воспользоваться всеми преимуществами; идти на риск;сетевой доступ; использование облачных ресурсов потребованию;затраты;занятьдостойноеместо;поставщики; внедрять в промышленность;выгодаочевидна;программа для резервного копирования;промежуточноепрограммноеобеспечение;чувствоосторожности; завоевать популярность; по оценке;востребованные решения.5.

Answer the following questions:1. What is cloud computing? What is the origin of the term?2. How long has the concept of “cloud computing” existed?3. What did John McCarthy compare cloud computing with?4. What are the conditions or realization of McCarthy’svision?5.

What is the main technology for cloud computing?6. What are the major models of cloud computing?7. What applications of cloud computing do you know?8. What are the main reasons why users need to rely on othercomputer systems?9. Which cloud service companies do you know?6. Translate from Russian into English:На сегодняшний день облачные вычисления еще незавоевали популярности среди российских заказчиков,что связано с непониманием и нормальным чувствомосторожности ко всему новому. Однако, по оценкемногих директоров по информационным технологиям,рынок облачныхвычислений и соответствующаяинфраструктура уже в 2014 году будут достаточно94сформированы, чтобы занять достойное место среди ITтехнологий.

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