01-04-2020-Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С. Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов (6-е издание, 2006)(1) (1171846), страница 75
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Заполните пропуски синонимами или антонимами.value...conditionquantity ...common, often see or heardvarious ...waste...cheap...minorlendunstableУпражнение 9, A. Назовите 20-25 ключевых слов и словосочетаний натему: «Business and finance».В. Speak about:1. The state of the economy at the moment. Is it strong or is itin recession?2. The current rate of inflation in the country.
Has the government reduced company taxes or personal taxes lately? Has publicexpenditure risen or fallen recently?3. New technology and money.392Text 3Какое значение имеют электронные средства связи в современной организации производства?А. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь догадаться о значении в данномконтексте слов: vital, corporate^ compile, memo, pace, respond, intranet, empower.Paperwork and the Digital Nervous SystemBill Gates states it did not take Microsoft Co. long to get rid ofmost of the company's paper forms. The move from paper to electronic forms is a vital step in the evolution of a modem organization's nervous system. A corporate system defines how anorganization deals with planned and unplanned events alike.
It includes meetings, paperwork and electronic systems. It governs theway information about customers is stored, the way workers are organized, the way budgets are compiled and activities are coordinated, and the way information is exchanged.In the past, companies were virtually alike in terms of how theymanaged these activities. Meetings, memos and managers were relied upon heavily. The pace was not usually too fast, and there waslots of paper.But one of the lessons from Darwin is that the excellence of anorganism's nervous system helps determine its ability to sensechange and quickly respond, thereby surviving or even thriving.Today, new «digital nervous systems» are based on electroniccommunications tools that help corporations maintain themselves,defend from dangers and take advantage of opportunities rapidly.The Internet and intranets are essential.You can easily bring the people you need together electronically, even if they are all over the globe. The people in the companycan gain a common understanding of what is going on.
They canexchange ideas easily.Perhaps the single most important element of a digital nervoussystem is a customer database. Having all your information aboutcustomers in one place gives you the tools to analyze and make decisions. It empowers you to be highly responsive to customersneeds.Microsoft's system is far from perfect, but it improves as thecompany takes better advantage of technology. Its annual budgeting process used to take three months.
Microsoft invented a newprocess around electronic forms on the company's intranet.393The budget cycle is now a very tense three-week period. Thecompany's digital system lets everybody see immediately what theother people in the company are planning. The managers see comparisons of sales and expense forecasts relative to market size inother divisions and regions. The product groups see the numbersorganized by product.
The subsidiaries see the numbers geographically. The finance people see them in on a profit-and-loss basis.In other words, information can automatically be analyzed andcompared and summarized and brought to the attention of the people who need to know about it.B. Подберите к каждому слову или словосочетанию в колонке А соответствующее по значению из колонки В.АВ1. take smb. to do smth . a.
use for one's own benefit2. get rid ofb. be successjful, prosper3. vitalс act in answer to4. corporated. necessary for living5. do alikee. need, require6. compilef. give power to act7, be alikeg. in the same way8. memoh. be similar9. pacei. controlled by a larger company10. respondj . collect (information) and arrange it in a list11. thrivek. note for future use12. empower1.
belonging to a corporation or group13. take advantagem. become free of14. subsidiaryn. move at an unhurried rateC. Заполните пропуски синонимами.controlat oncefeel, realizevirtuallydetermineallowexcellentmost important ...similarprotectD. Составьте возможные словосочетания из глаголов в колонке А и существительных из колонки В:1. compile2. take3. manage / organize394Вa. informationb. understandingc.
decisions4.5.6.7.store / exchange / analyzemakegainexchanged. idease. workers, activitiesf. advantageg.a budgetE. Составьте возможные словосочетания прилагательных из колонки А исуществительных из колонки В.1.2.3.4.5.6.Аannualvitaldigitalcommonelectronicpaper and electronicВа. formsb. budgetс. understandingd, communications toolse.
stepf. systemF. Заполните пропуски, образуя составные слова, общеизвестные словосочетания или термины. Запомните их.profit and ...three-week ...... forecastexpense ...market...... grouppaper ...... peopleУпражнение 1. A. Назовите 10—15 ключевых слов и словосочетаний натему «Electronic communication tools».8. Speak about:The role and importance of electronic communications tools ina modern company organization.Text 4Что такое логистика? Каковы последние направления в этой области?А.
Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь догадаться о значении следующихслов: retrieve у storage, package of services, to contract, totality.Flexible Logistics SystemsSeveral organisations are expanding beyond their national borders as a strategy to improve competitiveness and their ability to offer diverse products to an expanded market. Many companies havebecome very proficient at supplying products throughout the world.The task requires not only the ability to recognize opportunities,but also an information system to co-ordinate the supply of goods395and materials to places where they are needed throughout theworld.Logistics is supply, distribution and replacement of materials,goods and personnel.
It is a problem for all organisations, bothpublic and private. For instance, there were tremendous logisticschallenges of moving the US military ~ army, navy, and air force— to carry out the military operations called «Desert Storm», problems which were even more complex when other nations belongingto the United Nations assisted with the operations. Large logisticalproblems are faced by relief agencies which are trying to give publicassistance to people during emergencies.In a small warehouse, improvements can be obtained frombetter information systems, productivity improvements, inventory(инвентаризация) savings, reductions in returns (возврат, оборот, прибыль), space saving (10-30 per cent), and extra customerservice profit.
That is, for a warehouse of 80,000 sq. ft, 50 staff, and$100 million sales per annum, and inventory of $40 million, it ispossible to save over $2 million per annum from improved methods. The costs of such improvements can be retrieved after justthree months.The logistics aspects of the distribution chain (цепочка) in anyorganisation relate to the use of information to manage more effectively the functions of transportation, storage, warehousing, andfreight forwarding (пересылка груза). The information system hasto co-ordinate a distribution network which consists of transportation services between suppliers to factories, factories to storage facilities, ports and warehouses, storage services in the warehouses,transportation services between the warehouses and buyers andlinkages between countries.
As a result of implementing an efficientinformation system and computer network, McDonald's restaurants are able to receive food products from various suppliers, repackage them to meet McDonald's specifications, and then deliverthem to their restaurants throughout the world, and still maintainconsistent (соответствующие) standards.Some companies perform logistics services themselves, butmany are contracting these services to specialists who have information systems to offer a package of services — from simple storage and warehousing to a total package or complete service whichmight include consolidation (объединение) of cargo, transportation, storage and inventory management.
Companies within the logistics sector distinguish themselves by the totality of the servicesthey offer. Generally, smaller firms may have less sophisticated396information systems and may only provide services such as warehousing and transportation. Large firms have the resources andeconomies of larger scale to develop more sophisticated information and computer systems.
However, developing a sophisticatedand centralized information and mechanized warehouse may notnecessary lead to a success.Certain larger companies choose to rely on more flexible systems, which allow for learning and adaptation.B. Подберите к словам в колонке А синонимы или близкие по значениюслова из колонки В.А1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Вcomplextotaldiversekeep upprofitvery great, enormoushelptotalitya.b.сd.e.f.g.h.tremendousof different kindsophisticatedassistancemaintainreturnsentiretycompleteС Найдите в тексте слова, означающие:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.help given to those in need and troubleskilled, expertget back, return quicklyspread out over a large areaa problem, difficultyserious situation, needing action as soon as possiblea/per yeara building for storing goods before distributioneasily changed, adaptable for new needs or conditionsD.
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