01-04-2020-Oxford_English_for_Infomation_Technology (1171844), страница 5
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'I thinkmagnetic recording technology has another good5 to 10 years, ' says Munce. 'After that, we'll seesubstantial difficulties with further advances atthe pace people are accustomed to. 'From here on, a phenomenon calledsuperparamagnetism threatens to make denselypacked bits unstable. Provided that newdevelopments continue to thwartsuperparamagnetic corruption, scientistsspeculate that the theoretical limit for discrete bitrecording is 10 terabits per square inch (1 terabit= 1, 000 gigabits).Approaching this limit will require newtechnologies. Two possible contenders are atomicforce microscopy (AFM) and holographic storage.UNIT 4 Peripherals 31AFM would use a spinning plastic disk, perhapsinside a wristwatch, and a tiny, 10-microncantilever with a 40-angstrom tip (an angstromrepresents the approximate radius of an atom) towrite data.
In theory, AFM will allow densities of300 to 400 gigabits per square inch.01 Match the terms in Table A with thestatements in Table B.Table AWhile AFM is still in the lab, holographic storageis closer to reality. According to RustyRosenberger, optical program manager forImation, 'We are targeting a 5 1/4 -inch disk with125GB of storage and a 40MB-per-second transferrate. ' Future iterations of holographic systemsshould improve substantially.aFurther out, scientists salivate over the prospectof data manipulation and storage on an atomiclevel. Because consumer demand for capacity islagging behind what technology can deliver,bringing new storage options to the masses willdepend on seeing the need for more space.[Adapted from 'Ready for the Bazillion-Byte Drive?'by Thomas Claburn, PC Magazine, March 2000]Big Blueb Areal densitycMoore's LawdSuperparamagnetisme TerabitfThe three-dimensional nature of holographymakes it an appealing storage medium because'pages' of data can be superimposed on a singlevolume - imagine transferring a whole page oftext at once as opposed to reading each letter insequence.
Hans Coufal, manager of IBM's NewDirections in Science and Technology Researchdivision, predicts that the fast access rates andtransfer times of holographic storage will lead toimproved network searches, video on demand,high-end servers, enterprise computing, andsupercomputing.Meanwhile, also-ran technologies are thriving.Tape, first used for data storage in 1951 with theUnivac I, has been revitalized by the corporatehunger for affordable archiving solutions. In theconsumer arena, says Dataquest analyst MaryCraig, recordable CD-ROMs and DVDs willremain the dominant high-capacity removablestorage media for the next decade. Despite theirfailure to match the areal density gains of harddisks, optical disks are cheap to produce, makingthem ideal for software distribution (until amature digital rights management systemfacilitates online delivery).
Finally, solid stateoptions such as flash cards can't yet match thepricing of hard disks at high capacities.Re-read the text to find the answers tothese questions.AFMg AngstromTable BiAtomic force microscopyii The approximate radius of an atomiii IBMiv The data capacity of a storage devicemeasured in bits per square inchvPrediction that the number of transistorsthat can be incorporated into a processorchip will double every 18 monthsvi A phenomenon that threatens to makedensely packed bits unstable in magneticstorage devicesvii One thousand gigabits2 Mark the following statements as True orFalse:abcdeThe development of AFM is more advancedthan holographic storage.The predicted maximum storage density ofAFM is 400 gigabits per square inch.Holography works in 3D.Univac I was the first computer to use tapestorage devices.Users want higher capacity storage devicesthan technology can provide.Paul is 24.
He has a Higher National Certificate in Computing and aHigher National Diploma in Computing Support which he completedtwo years ago. He has been working for a company providingsupport services for the last eighteen months.STARTERStudy this list of some of the subjects included in his Diplomacourse. In which of these subject areas would he study the topicswhich follow?123456789101112131415Computer ArchitectureHW Installation & MaintenanceInfo Tech Applications (1)Info Tech Applications (2)Multi-user Operating SystemNetwork TechnologySoftware Development Life CycleStandalone Computer System SupportSoftware Development Procedural Lang.Data CommunicationsInformation Systems & ServicesSystems DevelopmentCommunicationProject ManagementMathematics for ComputingabcdefghijLAN TopologiesPC Bus ArchitecturesModemsHow to connect printersUnix Operating SystemPascalWriting a programCreating a databaseMaintenance of desktopsWordprocessing andother office applicationsBinary systemMaking presentationskILISTENINGListen to Part 1 of the recording to find the answers tothese questions:12345Which of the subject areas listed in Task 1 does Paul mention?Which additional subjects does he mention?Why did he choose to do his Diploma in support?What practical work was included in the course?Which subject did he particularly enjoy?Listen to Part 2 of the recording and answer thesequestions:1What suggestions does Paul have for improving the course? Notea) his suggestions for improvement and b) the reasons he gives.2Which of the subjects he studied has he found useful in his work?Note a) the subjects and b) examples in the work situation.Listen to Part 3 of the recording to answer thesequestions:12345LANGUAGE WORKIn which situations does Paul have to learn fast?What sources does he use for help?What advice did the college provide on sources of information?What was the problem with the set book?How does he feel about going back to college?Revision: Past simple questionsStudy these examples of questions about thepast.Asking about quantity:How many days a week did you study?How much programming did you do?Asking about time:When did you study Communication?Asking about people:Who taught you Maths?Whose classes did you most enjoy?Asking about things:What made you choose computing support?What did you like most?Asking about actions:What did you do on Fridays?What happened on Monday mornings?34UNIT 5 Former StudentStudy this description of a student's first term.
What questionsmight the interviewer have asked to obtain the information in italics?In her first term Pauline studied 6 subjects. She had classes onfour days' each week. On Monday morning she had IT andInformation Systems. Tuesday was a free day for home study. OnWednesday she had Systems Analysis in Room 324. She studiedComputer Architecture on Thursdays.
Programming happened onFriday mornings. Communication took place once a week on Fridayafternoons. She liked Mr Blunt's classes most. She had a 15-minutecoffee break each day and a lunch break from 12. 00 to 1. 00.up- and -up verbs Complete each gap in these sentenceswith the appropriate form of the correct verb from this list:back upbuild upcatch upfree upkeep upset upstart upupdateupgradeupload1To avoid losing data, you should2You can3Delete some files to4Data iseach night.5The operating system boots when you6She's taking a course to7The computer checks the memory when it8He9You canyour files regularly.your PC by adding a new motherboard.space on your hard disk.from regional PCs to the company's mainframeyour computer.her knowledge of computing.a website to advertise his travel company.with developments by reading PC magazines.10If you miss a class, you can study the hand-outs to11The image in a digital camera isblue image.from a red, green andUNIT 5 Former Student35SPEAKINGRole Play Work in pairs.
Using the tapescript for Part 1 of theinterview, on page 196, play the parts of the Interviewer and Paul.WRITINGStudy this description of a computer course. Then write adescription of your own computing course, or one of its components,in the same way.Computer Use andApplicationsRIMS:DESCRIPTION:STAFF:To introduce completebeginners to computersystems.The course is in four parts.Dr Peter JonesTo give a basicfoundation in computertechnology and to introduceappropriate terminology.To give a description ofthe major components(hardware and software)which make up a computersystem.To show how computersystems are used incommerce and industry.To give practicalexperience in using varioussystems.Part 1 Introduction tocollege computer sciencefacilities, including how toaccess the computers, theUnix filestore, using email,the editor and simplenetwork commands.Part 2 The basicstructure of computerhardware and systemssoftware.
Topics includecompilers vs interpreters andmemory management.Part 3 Introduces somemore advanced softwaretools, documentation toolsand language processors.Part 4 Discusses varioususes of computers includingspreadsheets, databases,communications and impactson society.METHOD ANDFREQUENCY OF CLASS:Two lectures per week withpractical exercises once everytwo weeks.ASSESSMENT:Three formal courseworkassignments.UNIT 6Operating SystemsStudy this screen display and answer these questions.STARTER12345How do you enter Unix commands?Which Unix commands does it show?What is the output of each command?What will happen when the last command is entered?Which other Unix commands do you know?Fig 1Unix screen displayMatch the labels to the four layers of this diagram with thehelp of the diagram caption.READING1234applications programsuserhardwareoperating systemA CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM OF AN OPERATING SYSTEMabcdClosest to the user areapplications programs- software that helps auser compute a payrollor play a game orcalculate the trajectoryof a rocket.Fig 2Conceptual diagram of anoperating systemThe operating systemis the set of programsbetween theapplications programsand the hardware.Study this text title.
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