диссертация (1169608), страница 27
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The agreements with Russia, one way or another, will becoordinated in terms of the general orientation of the political course of the CooperationCouncil of the Arab States of the Arabian Gulf and must comply with it. In thisconnection, at the present stage the first place in Russian-Bahraini relations will beoccupied by projects in the field of economy. At the same time, due to the mutualimportance of such a dialogue and the parties' interest in military cooperation, it isimpossible to completely exclude the possibility of expanding contacts betweenMoscow and Manama politically.No wonder that when Russia managed to reach preliminary agreements withSaudi Arabia on stabilizing the world oil market, there were signs of a rapprochement277Defence & Security News – Bahrain.
// Army Recognition. [Electronic resource] –URL:http://www.armyrecognition.com/october_2015_global_defense_security_news_uk/bahrain_shows_interest_to_purchase_russian_pantsir-s1_short-range_air_defense_system_12810154.html278GCC-Russia Relations: A GCC Perspective // Bahrain Center for Strategic, International and Energy Studies.January 16, 2017105between Russia and Bahrain.
It was at this moment that there appeared real prospectsfor establishing mutual understanding between the two countries on a wide range ofissues: from energy and medicine to military-technical cooperation and joint work toresolve the Syrian crisis279.The annual forum “Manama Dialogue” is the only one in the region and a veryimportant discussion platform for a free exchange of views on the main problems of theArab world. Among the forum participants are the Foreign Ministers of Great Britain,Canada, Egypt, Iraq and the United Arab Emirates, as well as the Ministers of Defenseof France, Great Britain and Yemen. In 2015, the participants were the President ofEgypt, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, in 2016, Prime Minister of Great Britain Theresa Maybecame one of the main guests in 2014.
Within two days, experts, politicians andmilitary from around the world discuss key issues that concern the region - measures tocombat terrorist groups, the situation in Syria and Iraq280.Optimism regarding the future of Russian-Bahraini relations is confirmed bypolitical signals coming from Bahrain. The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom,Sheikh Khalid bin Ahmad Bin Mohammed Al Khalifa, said at a news conferencefollowing the Russian-Bahraini talks that the parties discussed the possibilities for astrategic dialogue between Moscow and the Arabian Gulf countries. Then the head ofthe Bahraini Foreign Ministry said the importance of the role that Russia plays in thesettlement of the civil war in Syria and the prevention of the humanitarian crisis in thatcountry281.If we carefully study the geopolitical dynamics in the Middle East, it becomesobvious that the idea of a deep crisis in the relations between Russia and theCooperation Council of the Arab States of the Arabian Gulf, in particular in the field ofsecurity, is erroneous.
To date, it can be stated with certainty that the successful struggleof the Russian military against terrorism and the clearly articulated desire to adhere to279Экономическое и военно-техническое сотрудничество России и Бахрейна [Электронный ресурс] //РИА Новости. – URL: https://ria.ru/spravka/20160208/1370305032.html280Defence & Security News – Bahrain.
// Army Recognition. [Electronic resource] – URL:http://www.armyrecognition.com/october_2015_global_defense_security_news_uk/bahrain_shows_interest_to_purchase_russian_pantsir-s1_short-range_air_defense_system_12810154.html281GCC-Russia Relations: A GCC Perspective // Bahrain Center for Strategic, International and Energy Studies.January 16, 2017106the norms of international law have increased Moscow's geopolitical influence in theregion of the Middle East, as well as the prospects for establishing a strategicpartnership with Bahrain.For Bahrain, the support from Russia, which it views as one of the world'sleading powers, the security problems in the Gulf region, is of fundamental importance.Bahrain is one of those states in the region that are very concerned about the possibilityof Iran's appearance of nuclear weapons.
It is no coincidence that the joint RussianBahraini communiqué also called for support for efforts aimed at combating theproliferation of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear disarmament, as well assupporting the call for the transformation of the Middle East into a zone free of weaponsof mass destruction282.The positions of Russia and Bahrain on issues of mutual interest on the bilateraland international agenda are recorded in the Statement on the Further Development ofFriendly Relations between the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Bahrain,adopted on December 1, 2008.
It reflects, in particular, the coincidence or proximity ofour countries' approaches to the majority global and regional problems. The Bahrainiside also supports dialogue with Russia on issues such as the Arab-Israeli settlement,the situation around Iraq and Iran, countering international terrorism and otherchallenges and threats.
Bahrain positively perceives the Russian concept of providingsecurity in the Arabian Gulf zone. In October 2008 representatives of special units ofthe Ministry of Internal Affairs of Bahrain took part as observers in internationalexercises on the antiterrorist issues in Sochi. The Russian delegation led by the Head ofthe Apparatus of the Antiterrorist Committee, Deputy Director of the Russian FederalSecurity Service, V. Kuleshov took part in the international forum and exhibition onregional security in Manama on 24-25 February 2009283.282Визит короля Бахрейна в Москву [Электронный ресурс] // Институт Ближнего Востока.
– URL:http://www.iimes.ru/rus/stat/2008/07-12-08.htm283Российско-Бахрейнские отношения [Электронный ресурс] // Официальный сайт Министерстваиностранных дел Российской Федерации. – URL: http://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/bh/-/category/10498#relation-popup1074.3. Main Directions of the Foreign Policy Course and Peculiarities of the InternalPolitical Situation of the Kingdom of Bahrain and their Influence on RussianBahraini RelationsHistorical experience inevitably influences the process of formation anddevelopment of relatively “young” interstate relations. Intensification in the relationshipbetween Moscow and Manama refers to the period of modern history, and bilateralcontacts in many spheres are at the embryonic stage.
The desire of both sides to bringcooperation to a new level is not in a vacuum, but in a dynamic international situation,which implies a certain reaction from traditional partners of Bahrain, both regional andglobal.The Kingdom of Bahrain, as has been already mentioned, is the generalheadquarters of the 5th US Navy fleet and the accompanying infrastructure.
TheArabian Gulf, the Red and the Arabian Seas are part of the responsibility of this elementof the global presence of the United States. The operational groups of the 5th Fleet arebased on the naval base in Manama, and there is also a regional advanced commandpost for the US Special Operations Forces. Air Force Base Sheikh Isa, where thecommand post of the US Air Force is located, is used for patrolling the Arabian Gulfand protecting transit traffic.
These bases were of key importance during the period ofthe Afghan and Iraqi campaigns, and the level of trust between Bahrain and the UnitedStates was high. So much so that in 2001, President George W. Bush decided to grantManama the right to purchase weapons of the same modifications as NATO members.To ensure the actions of military aviation, the Bahraini air traffic control centeris used. In Bahrain, up to three and a half thousand US troops are deployed. In 2004, afree trade agreement was signed between Washington and Manama, within theframework of which it was decided to include the fuel and energy sector, the108development of joint technologies for desalination of sea water, coordination of actionsin the financial sector and purchases of aluminum rolled products284.It is necessary to note that Washington is focused on the same areas ofinteraction with Manama, which are of interest for Moscow.
Nevertheless, there has notbeen a direct clash, for example, in the tender purchases of Russian and Americancompanies. Until recently, teams for concluding contracts for the supply of militarytechnological equipment, which seemed very promising for the Kremlin, wereautomatically sent to the United States or Great Britain. However, since 2016, the Kingof Bahrain Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa began to show interest in Russian militaryequipment. Moreover, after visiting the Russian forum "Army-2016" the head ofBahrain discussed the purchase of the S-400 air defense system with the RussianPresident Vladimir Putin, and even invited Deputy Prime Minister D.
Rogozin, who isin charge of the defense bloc.The engine of progress in the domain of military-technical cooperation betweenRussia and Bahrain is the intergovernmental agreement on military-technicalcooperation signed in early 2015. And yet, experts on the region assume that the processof reaching an agreement on the delivery of the S-400 will not be easy285.In addition, Russian companies often offer a very advantageous package ofadditional services when concluding a deal, which accompanies all major contracts.With access to the Bahraini market, representatives of military industrial holdings notonly represent a product line and negotiate with existing operators and potentialcustomers of equipment from the Middle East and North Africa, but also offeropportunities for post-sale service organizationFor example, one of the key areas of sales will be the development of anintegrated software system that provides high-speed, high-quality maintenance ofhelicopter equipment throughout its life cycle.
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