диссертация (1169608), страница 28

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The fleet of Soviet-Russian and Russianmade helicopters in the countries of the Near and Middle East today numbers more than284U.S. Relations With Bahrain [Electronic resource] // U.S. Department of State. – URL:https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26414.htm285Подгорнова Н.П. «Арабская весна» в странах Магриба / Институт Ближнего Востока.

М., 2014. 80 с.ISBN 978-5-89394-249-1109500 civilian and military vehicles. The ability to perform maintenance and repairs inyour region will allow operators to ensure the correct operation of helicopter equipmentand reduce costs in a timely manner286.Cooperation with Washington for the monarchies of the Gulf is not limited tobilateral relations. In 2002, Bahrain, the third most important Arab country after Egyptand Jordan, was granted the status of a "significant US ally outside NATO". It is knownthat with the individual Arab countries, the North Atlantic Alliance exchangesintelligence information, while Kuwait and Manama are participants in multilateralcontact with NATO to exchange information in the framework of international efforts tocombat terrorism.

Also, the officers of the Council of Cooperation of the Arab States ofthe Arabian Gulf are trained according to NATO standards. Since 2007, the Council'sofficers have been trained at the Middle East Faculty of the NATO Military College inRome. The NATO School in Germany and the College in Italy train representatives ofthose countries of the Middle East who are participants in programs and joint projectson the issues of peacemaking, arms control, security and contingency planning287.The foreign policy course of Bahrain is also bound up with that of Great Britain.The Kingdom is a former British protectorate, the imperial heritage not only allowedLondon to build strong ties with the leadership of the Arab state, but also influences theperception of Britain's role in the current political course of the Bahraini leadership.Hence, the announcement that the United Kingdom will formalize its presence in theGulf through the construction of a naval base in Bahrain.Strongly expressed orientation to the views of the ruling elites in building theirforeign policy towards the countries of the Council of Cooperation of the Arab States ofthe Arabian Gulf does not contribute to reducing the tension on the regional securitysystem in the region.

So, on December 7, 2016, speaking at a meeting of theCooperation Council in Bahrain, British Prime Minister T. May reassured the audiencethat Britain would help its traditional allies to rebuff, as she put it, “Iranian aggression”286«‫ك ا‬-52» ‫“[ األو سط ال شرق ف ي ال ضارب ة ال قوة ال م صري ة ال بحري ة ت ج عل ال رو س ية‬Ka-52” Russia preparesEgyptian naval forces for confrontation in the Middle East] [Electronic resource] // Sputnik. – URL:https://arabic.sputniknews.com/arab_world/201604031018157984/287UK admits training Bahrain police in 'public order' tactics [Электронныи ресурс] // Middle East Eye. –URL: http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/canadian-firm-sells-bahrain-software-used-censor-internet-report-1693000193110in the region.

This approach, in the opinion of the Russian leadership, can serve as anexcuse for achieving tactical advantages288.For the Russian Federation, when forming new areas of cooperation withBahrain, it is necessary to take into account the factor of influence of the Saudicounterparties. Promising for multilateral cooperation in this capacity is the global oiland gas market. When the price of oil was high, the oil powers did not need cooperationin oil production. However, at the moment when the world economy is unstable, Russiaand the Council of Cooperation of the Arab States of the Arabian Gulf are forced todevelop effective cooperation in the sphere of deep processing of oil and gas, in variousfields of petrochemistry and in a number of other sectors, as well as in agriculture. Thisis the only way to avoid the dependence of their national economies on oil exports.Russia can actively cooperate with GCC countries in this realm.It is obvious that radical extremist groups, first of all ISIS, threaten the stability,national security and territorial integrity of not only Syria, but also other countries of theregion, including Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, the countries of the Council ofCooperation of the Arab States of the Arabian Gulf.

The leadership of ISIS voiced thegoal of expanding its presence in the territory of these states. Perhaps, this situationarose because of the lack of understanding of the political situation in the region,underestimation of the threat emanating from radical Islamism, and the priority of shortterm benefits. An increase in the number of radical Sunni groups, such as ISIS, whoopenly threaten to “enter Mecca and Medina”, may lead to the spread of terroristactivities in Saudi Arabia and other countries of the Cooperation Council for the ArabStates of the Arabian Gulf, as well as their destabilization289.Russia managed to stay above the bout, that is, in a favorable position relative toother parties to the conflict, however, further balancing around the status quo may notbe possible because of the high likelihood of an escalation of tension along the SaudiIranian line.288Аль-Тамими Х. Сотрудничество между Россией и Бахрейном в области обеспечения региональнойбезопасности // Вестник МГИМО-Университета.

2017. 4(55). С. 194-209. DOI 10.24833/2071-8160-2017-4-55-194209289UK admits training Bahrain police in 'public order' tactics [Электронныи ресурс] // Middle East Eye. –URL: http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/canadian-firm-sells-bahrain-software-used-censor-internet-report-1693000193111CONCLUSIONSumming up the conducted research, we can draw the following conclusions.The Middle East at the present stage of the development of the world order isone of the most important geostrategic areas on the political map of the world. In thisregion, the vectors of interests of several centers of power intersect.

They covertly orofficially and quite bluntly declare it a designated zone of their national aspirations(sometimes the term “concern” is used). Within the framework of a new activelyglobalizing space, the conflict of national interests of the main actors becomes the causeof events shaping the geopolitical configuration of the Middle East, on which, in turn,the variability of the entire architecture of international relations hinges.Mass protests, that engulfed the Middle East in 2011-2012 (the so called “ArabSpring”), gave impetus to the "tectonic shift" in the Middle East.

There is a totalreconstruction underway of the entire system of cultural, social, economic and politicalrelations. It is caused mainly by internal reasons - both political and culturalcivilizational, but its connection to the most disturbing trends of global development isalso obvious. The loss of controllability of international processes, the return of thefactor brute force into them, the increase in the role of chance and adventurous decisionmaking, the strengthening of the world periphery, the crisis of national states andidentities find here a concentrated expression.Under the circumstances, the Kingdom of Bahrain has been noticeably revisitingits foreign policy course in contrast to the period preceding 2011.

In general, thistransformation, in the author's opinion, manifests itself in:• pursuing a policy which is much less dependent on the foreign policy course ofthe leader of the Council of Cooperation of the Arab States of the Arabian Gulf - SaudiArabia;• expressing views on the Syrian crisis, different from the positions of mostcountries of the Cooperation Council of the Arab States of the Arabian Gulf;112• conducting a course aimed at building closer bilateral trade and economicrelations with Russia;• diversification of contacts regarding the resolution of the “Iran issue” throughcooperation with Russia in the field of regional and national security;• pursuing a more open and potentially multi-vector economic policy than inmost Arab monarchies of the Arabian Gulf.Almost all conflict situations in the Middle East tend to be rapidlyinternationalized.

Military intervention drew particular attention to the new “old” role ofthe global powers, which seem to be increasingly influencing the regional situation andcontributing to the formation of trends to reduce the influence of regional forces. In fact,the deepening involvement of global forces in the confrontation in the Middle East hasnot only not led to the marginalization of regional actors (including non-state actors).

Ithas also “brought home” to the global powers’ the idea of enhanced responsibility forrecreating the region on new conceptual and normative grounds. In a sense, it workedfor a more willing embracing of the idea of Russia’s greater involvement in the region.All this creates favorable conditions for elevating Russian-Bahraini relations to a newlevel. At the same time, their approaches to the region and the vision of its future notonly do not coincide, but often turn out to be mutually exclusive.

Moreover, it also hasconflicting views of the region’s development with most of other local and globalpowers.Russia's position in these conditions is centered around the doctrinal statementthat the new security system in the region should be inclusive; all states, including thenearest neighbors of the Arab world - Israel, Iran, Turkey should become itsparticipants. An alternative option, which experts say, is the creation of a defensealliance of Arab countries in the format of the "Arab analogue of NATO" led by theSunni regimes of the Arabian Gulf. It is necessary to note here that the option ofreplicating the archaic system of the Cold War in the Middle East, contrasting the Arabworld with its traditional regional opponents, will not bring security to the region, eitherdirectly or indirectly, only to accentuate and exacerbate current contradictions.113Bahrain belongs to the category of smaller countries, its territorial anddemographic resources are not great, in addition, the kingdom occupies a centralgeographical location among the monarchies of the Arabian Gulf, contributing to the“objectification” of this state in the local system of interstate interaction.

The instabilityof state institutions of power is largely due to a short, by historical standards, period ofsovereign existence. The combination of these factors, reinforced by the traditionalorientation toward Britain and the United States in the matter of building a politicalcourse, predetermines the foreign policy of Manama, based on constant balancingamong the larger players in the international arena, especially in matters of security.Based on the analysis of sources and literature, the key features andcharacteristics of the current stage in the political and economic relations, as well asbilateral cooperation in the field of building a regional security system, between Russiaand Bahrain have been revealed.At the beginning of the new century, Bahrain was confronted with structuralproblems in the economy, characteristic of countries prone to the so-called “Dutchdisease”.

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