Диссертация (1150484), страница 17
Текст из файла (страница 17)
Êàê òåïëîâîé134ýíåðãèè, òàê è ìàãíèòîíîé, îêàçûâàåòñÿ áîëüøå ñ òîé ñòîðîíû òîêîâîãî ñëîÿ, ãäåïîëíîñòü ïëàçìû ìåíüøå.Òàêèì îáðàçîì, òàê æå êàê è âî âñåõ èññëåäîâàííûõ íàìè ñëó÷àÿõ, â ïðîöåññåïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿ íàä è ïîä OR - îáëàñòüþ, ðàñïðîñòðîíÿþùåéñÿ âäîëü òîêîâîãîñëîÿ, îáðàçóåòñÿ âîëíà ñæàòèÿ êîòîðàÿ, ïåðåíîñèò ìàãíèòíóþ è òåïëîâóþ ýíåðãèþ. Êîëè÷åñòâî èçáûòî÷íîé ìàãíèòíîé ýíåðãèè ñîäåðæàùåéñÿ â âîëíå ñæàòèÿ,îêàçûâàåòñÿ áîëüøå èëè ðàâíî âåëè÷èíå êèíåòè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèè, êîòîðóþ ïåðåíîñòè óñêîðåííàÿ ïëàçìà, äâèãàÿñü âäîëü òîêîâîãî ñëîÿ.
Êîëè÷åñòâî æå òåïëîâîéýíåðãèè â îáíàðóæåííîé íàìè âîëíå ìîæåò ïðåâûøàòü êèíåòè÷åñêóþ è òåïëîâóþýíåðãèþ ïëàçìåííûõ ïîòîêîâ â íåñêîëüêî ðàç.Èòàê, ìîæíî óòâåðæäàòü, ÷òî ðåçóëüòàòîì ïðîöåñà ïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿ ìàãíèòíûõïîëåé ÿâëÿåòñÿ íå òîëüêî îáðàçîâàíèå óñêîðåííûõ ïîòîêîâ ïëàçìû, íî è, ÷òî íåìåíåå âàæíî, ôîðìèðîâàíèå äâèæóùèõñÿ ñîâìåñòíî ñ ïëàçìåííûìè ïîòîêàìè îáëàñòåé, ñîäåðæàùèõ â ñåáå êîíöåíòðèðîâàííóþ ìàãíèòíóþ ýíåðãèþ, êîëëè÷åñòâîêîòîðîé, âîîáùå ãîâîðÿ, äàæå ïðåâûøàåò ýíåðãèþ ïëàçìåííûõ ïîòîêîâ.135Çàêëþ÷åíèåÄàííàÿ ðàáîòà ïîñâÿùåíà èññëåäîâàíèþ èìïóëüñíîãî ìàãíèòíîãî ïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿ. ñîâðåìåííîé ôèçèêå êîñìè÷åñêîé ïëàçìû ìàãíèòíîå ïåðåñîåäèíåíèå ÿâëÿåòñÿïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíîé ìîäåëüþ ïðîöåññîâ áûñòðîãî âûäåëåíèÿ ýíåðãèè ìàãíèòíîãîïîëÿ è ïåðåñòðîéêè åãî òîïîëîãèè.
Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî òåîðèè ïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿóäåëÿåòñÿ áîëüøîå âíèìàíèå íà ïðîòÿæåíèè áîëåå ïÿòèäåñÿòè ëåò, â íåé åùå ñóùåñòâóþò ìíîãî íåðåøåííûõ çàäà÷.Íà îñíîâå èññëåäîâàíèÿ àíàëèòè÷åñêèõ ðåøåíèé ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíî ïåðåðàñïðåäåëåíèå ýíåðãèè â ïðîöåññå ïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿ.Äëÿ ñëó÷àÿ íåñæèìàåìîé ïëàçìû ïîëó÷åí òî÷íûé áàëëàíñ ìåæäó óìåíüøåíèåììàãíèòíîé ýíåðãèè è óâåëè÷åíèåì êèíåòè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèè âíóòðè îáëàñòè âûòåêàíèÿ ïëàçìû îãðàíè÷åííîé óäàðíûìè âîëíàìè, íà êîòîðûõ îíà óñêîðÿåòñÿ. Òàêèìîáðàçî âñÿ êèíåòè÷åñêàÿ ýíåðãèÿ ïåðåíîñèìàÿ äâèæóùèìèñÿ ïîòîêàìè ïëàçìûïîñòàâëÿåòñÿ ïðÿìûì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèåì ìàãíèòíîé ýíåðãèè â êèíåòè÷åñêóþ.Ïðè ýòîì â îáëàñòè âòåêàíèÿ îáðàçóåòñÿ âîëíà ñæàòèÿ ìàãíèòííîãî ïîëÿ êîòîðàÿ ïåðåíîñèò ìàãíèòíóþ ýíåðãèþ ñðàâíèìóþ ïî âåëè÷èíå ñ êèíåòè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèåé óñêîðåííîé ïëàçìû, ÷òî êîìïåíñèðóåòñÿ óáûëüþ ìàãíèòíîé ýíåðãèè â îáëàñòèðàçë¼òà. óñëîâèÿõ ñæèìàåìîé ïëàçìû óìåíüøåíèÿ ìàãíèòíîé ýíåðãèè âíóòðè OR îáëàñòè íå äîñòàòî÷íî äëÿ íàáëþäàåìîãî óâåëè÷åíèÿ êèíåòè÷åñêîé è òåïëîâîé136ýíåðãèè óñêîðåííûõ ïîòîêîâ.
Ýòîò äèñáàëàíñ ìîæåò áûòü óñòðàí¼í åñëè ó÷åñòüèçìåíåíèÿ ýíåðãèè â îáëàñòè âòåêàíèÿ. Íàä è ïîä OR -îáëàñòÿìè ðàñðîñòðàíÿåòñÿ âìåñòå ñ íèìè âîëíà ñæàòèÿ ïåðåíîñÿùàÿ, â îñíîâíîì ìàãíèòíóþ ýíåðãèþ, â òîâðåìÿ êàê â îáëàñòè ðàçë¼òà íàáëþäàåòñÿ ïîíèæåíèå è ìàãíèòíîé ýíåðãèè è òåïëîâîé ýíåðãèè ïëàçìû. Òàêèì îáðàçîì ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ïîëíîñòüþñáàëàíñèðîâàíû.Òàê êàê ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå ýíåðãèè ïðîèñõîäèò íà ôðîíòàõ óäàðíûõ âîëí, òî ïîñëå ïðåêðàùåíèÿ äåéòâèÿ äèôôóçèîííîãî ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî ïîëÿ, êîòîðîå ÿâëÿåòñÿèíèöàòîðîì ïðîöåññà ïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿ, ýíåðãèÿ ïðîäîëæàåò ïðåîáðàçîâûâàòüñÿ.Îïðåäåëÿÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿ êàê ñîîòíîøåíèå ìåæäó âåëè÷èíîéâûñâîáîæäåííîé êèíåòè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèè è óáûëüþ ìàãíèòíîé ýíåðãèè ïîë÷èì ìàêñèìàëüíîå çíà÷åíèåWKOR1=IR2WB(4.161)êàê â ñëó÷àå ñæèìàåìîé, òàê è íàñæèìàåìîé ïëàçìû, ò.å.
òîëüêî ïîëîâèíà ìàãíèòíîé ýíåðãèè ìîæåò áûòü êîíâåðòèðîâàíà â êèíåòè÷åñêóþ.Äëÿ àíàëèçà âëèÿíèÿ èäåàëèçàöèè áåñêîíå÷íî òîíêîãî òîêîâîãî ñëîÿ íà ðåçóëüòàò, ïðîâåäåíî ÷èñëåííîå 2D ÌÃÄ ìîäåëèðîâàíèå äëÿ òîêîâîãî ñëîÿ êîíå÷íîéòîëùèíû. ×èñëåííûå ðàñ÷¼òû ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî âîçíèêàþøèé â îáëàñòè ïåðåñîåäèíèâùåãîñÿ ìàãíèòíîãî ïîëÿ ãðàäèåíò äàâëåíèÿ îêàçûâàåò ñóùåñòâåííîå âëèÿíèåíà ïåðåðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ýíåðãèè.Íåîäíîðîäíîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå Àëüâåíîâñêîé ñêîðîñòè ïîïåð¼ê òîêîâîãî ñëîÿ ïðèâîäèò ðàçëè÷èþ ñêîðîñòåé âûòåêàþùåé ïëàçìû, è êàê ñëåäñòâèå ê ïîÿâëåíèþ ãðàäèåíòà ïëîòíîñòè è äàâëåíèÿ â íàïðàâëåíèè ïîòîêà.  ðåçóëüòàòå ýòîãî âåëè÷èíàêèíåíòè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèè äâèæóùèõñÿ ïîòîêîâ ïëàçìÿ óìåíüøàåòñÿ, à èõ òåïëîâàÿ137ýíåðãèÿ âîçðàñòàåò, òî åñòü äâèæóùàÿñÿ ïëàçìà ðàáîòàåò ïðîòèâ ãðàäèåíòà äàâëåíèÿ ïðåîáðàçóÿ êèíåòè÷åñêóþ ýíåðãèþ â òåïëîâóþ.Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ðåçóëüòàòû ÷èñëåííîãî ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ ïîëíîñòüþ ñîãëàñóþòñÿñ ïðîâåä¼ííûì ðàíåå àíàëèçîì áàëàíñà ýíåðãèè â àíàëèòè÷åñêîé ìîäåëè.138Ëèòåðàòóðà1.Àêàñîôó Ñ.È., ×åïìåí Ñ.Ñîëíå÷íî-çåìíàÿ ôèçèêà.
Ì.: Ìèð, ò. 2, 512 ñ.,1975.2.Àõèåçåð À.È., Àõèåçåð È.À. è äð. Ýëåêòðîäèíàìèêà ïëàçìû. Ì.: Íàóêà,718 c., 1975.3.Áàðàíîâ Â.Á, Êðàñíîáàåâ Ê.Â.Ãèäðîäèíàìè÷åñêàÿ òåîðèÿ êîñìè÷åñêîéïëàçìû. Ì.: Íàóêà, 355c., 1977.4.Áóðèíñêàÿ Ò.Ì., Øåâåëåâ Ì.Ì., Ðîø Æ.Ë.Íåóñòîé÷èâîñòü ÊåëüâèíàÃåëüìãîëüöà äëÿ îãðàíè÷åííîãî ïîòîêà ïëàçìû â ïðîäîëüíîì ìàãíèòíîì ïîëå. Ôèçêà ïëàçìû, òîì 37, 1, ñ 46-59, 2011.5.Âëàäèìèðîâ È.Ñ. Óðàâíåíèÿ ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîé ôèçèêè Ì.: Íàóêà, 512 c.,1981.6.Äàíæè Äæ.Êîñìè÷åñêàÿ ýëåêòðîäèíàìèêà Ì.: Ãîñàòîìèçäàò, 205 c.,1961.7.Äèâèí À.Â. ×èñëåííîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ïðîöåññà ìàãíèòíîãî ïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿâ êèíåòè÷åñêîì ïðèáëèæåíèè.
Äèññåðòàöèÿ íà ñîèñêàíèå ó÷åíîé ñòåïåíèêàíäèäàòà ôèçèêî-ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ íàóêÑÏÁÃÓ, 2009.1398.Äðîáûø Î.À. Íåëèíåéíûå è ëèíåéíûå ÌÃÄ-âîëíû, ãåíåðèðóåìûå â ïðîöåññå ìàãíèòíîãî ïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿ. Äèññåðòàöèÿ íà ñîèñêàíèå ó÷åíîé ñòåïåíèêàíäèäàòà ôèçèêî-ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ íàóêÑÏÁÃÓ, 1997.9.Èëüèí À.Ì. Ñîãëàñîâàíèå àñèìïòîòè÷åñêèõ ðàçëîæåíèé ðåøåíèé êðàåâûõçàäà÷. Ì.: Íàóêà, 336 c., 1989.10.Êàäîìöåâ Á.Á. Êîëëåêòèâíûå ÿâëåíèÿ â ïëàçìå Ì.: Íàóêà, 303 c., 1988.11.Ëàíäàó Ë.Ä., Ëèôøèö Å.Ì.
Ýëåêòðîäèíàìèêà ñïëîøíûõ ñðåä. Ì.: Íàóêà,664 c., 2007.12.Íàéôå À.Õ. Ìåòîäû âîçìóùåíèé. Ì.: Ìèð, 455c., 1976.13.Ïåòðàøåíü Ã.È., Ìîëîòêîâ Ë.À., Êðàóêëèñ Ï.Â.Âîëíû â ñëîèñòî-îäíîðîäíûõ èçîòðîïíûõ óïðóãèõ ñðåäàõ.II Ë.: Íàóêà, 302c., 1985.14.Ïðèñò Ý.Ð. Ñîëíå÷íàÿ ìàãíèòîãèäðîäèíàìèêà. Ì.: Ìèð, 589 ñ., 1985.15.Ïóäîâêèí Ì.È., Ñåìåíîâ Â.Ñ. Òåîðèÿ ïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿ è âçàèìîäåéñòâèåñîëíå÷íîãî âåòðà ñ ìàãíèòîñôåðîé çåìëè. Ì.: Íàóêà, 1985.16.Ïóäîâêèí Ì.È., Øóõîâà Ë.Ç.Íåêîòîðûå ïðîÿâëåíèÿ ïðîöåññà ìàãíèòíîãîïåðåñîåäèíåíèÿ â ñîëíå÷íîì âåòðå.
Ãåîìàãíåòèçì è àýðîíîìèÿ, 1988.17.Ñåðãååâ Â.À., Öèãàíåíêî Í.À.Ìàãíèòîñôåðà Çåìëè. Ì.: Íàóêà, 174ñ.,1980.18.Ñåìåíîâ Â.Ñ., Õåéí Ì.Ô., Êóáûøêèí È.Â. Ïåðåñîåäèíåíèå ìàãíèòíûõ ñèëîâûõ ëèíèé â íåñòàöèîíàðíîì ñëó÷àå. Àñòðîíîìè÷åñêèé æóðíàë, Ò.27, ñ660-665, 1983.14019.Ñûðîâàòñêèé Ñ.È. Ìàãíèòíàÿ ãèäðîäèíàìèêà ÓÔÍ.- Ò. LXII(3), ñ. 247301., 1957.20.Ñûðîâàòñêèé Ñ.È. Êëþ÷åâûå âîïðîñû òåîðèè âñïûøåê. Èçâ. ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ,ñåð. ôèç., ò 43, N 4, ñ.
695, 1979.21.Ñûðîâàòñêèé Ñ.È. Ôîðìèðîâàíèå òîêîâûõ ñëîåâ â ïëàçìå ñ âìîðîæåííûìñèëüíûì ìàãíèòíûì ïîëåì. ÆÝÒÔ, ò. 33 N 3, c. 933-940, 1971.22.Ôðàíê À.Ã.Ôîðìèðîâàíèå, ýâîëþöèÿ è âçðûâíîå ðàçðóøåíèå òîêîâûõ ñëî-åâ â ïëàçìå. Òð. ÔÈÀÍ, Ò. 160, ñ. 93-121, 1985.23.Abe S.A. Hoshino M.Nonlinear evolution of plasmoid structure. Earth,Planets, and Space, 53, P.663-671, 2001.24.Angelopoulos V., Baumjohann W., Kennel C.F., Coroniti F.V., Kivelson M.G.,Pellat R., WalkerR.
J., Luhr H., and Paschmann G. Bursty bulk ows in theinner central plasma sheet. J. Geophys. Res., 97(a4), P. 4027-4039, 1992.25.Angelopoulos V., Runov A., Zhou X. Z., Turner D.L., Kiehas S.A., Li S.S.,and Shinohara I. Energy Conversion at Reconnection Fronts. Science, 341, P.1478-482, 2013.26.Biernat H.K., HeynM.F., Semenov V.S. Unsteady Petschek reconnection. J.Geophys. Res., 92, P. 3392-3396, 1987.27.Biernat H.K., Heyn M.F.
, Rijnbeek R.P., Semenov V.S., and Farugia C.J. Thestructure of reconnection layers: Application to the Earth's magnetopause. J.Geophys. Res., 94, P. 287-298, 1989.14128.Biernat H.K., Heyn M.F. , Rijnbeek R.P., Semenov V.S., and Farugia C.J.Reconnection at the Earth's dayside magnetopausein the presence of shearedows and skewed elds. Ann. Geophysicae, , P. 69-78, 1990.29.Biernat H.K., Kiendl M.T., Semenov V.S., Drobysh O.A., Rijnbeek R.P.,and Farugia C.J. Magnetic reconnection observation on September 19, 1974and model results, in Problem of Geospase, Proceedings of the InternationalConference "Problems of Geocosmos edited by M.I.
Pudovkin. W. Ritdler, B.P.Besser, and A.M. Lyatskaya, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften,Wien, P. 49-60, 1997.30.Biernat H.K., Semenov V.S., Drobysh O.A., Heyn M.F. Magnetic reconnectionobservation on October 29, 1979 and model results. J. Geophys. Res., 103, P.11919-11928, 1998.31.Biskamp D.Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1994.32.Biskamp D., Schwarz E., and J.F. DrakeIon-controlled collisionless magneticreconnection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.33.Birn J., Hesse M.Energy release and conversion by reconnection in themagnetotail.
Annales Geophys., 23, P. 3365-3373, 2005a.34.Birn J., Galsgaard K.,Hesse M., Hoshino M., Huba J. et. al.Forced magneticreconnection. Geophys. Res. Lett. V.32, 2005b.35.Birn J., Borovsky J.E., Hesse M.The role of compressibility in energy releaseby magnetic reconnection. Phys. Plasmas, 19, 082109, 2012.14236.Cassak P.A., Shay M.A.Scaling of asymmetric magnetic reconnection: Generaltheory and collisional simulations. Phys/ of plasmas - 14 - 10214, 2007.37.Cattel C.A., et.al.The MHD structure of plasmasheet boundary.
Tangentialmomentum balance and consistecy with slow mode shok. Geophis. Res. Lett. 19 - 2083, 1992.38.Coroniti F.V.Explosive tail reconnection: the growth and explosive phases ofmagnetospheric substorm. J. Geophys. Res., v. 90, P. 7427-7447, 1985.39.Cowley S.W.H. Plasms populations in a simple open model magnitosphere. Spase Sci.Rev - Vol. 26, P. 217-275, 1980.40.Drake J.
F., Shay M. A., and M. SwisdakThe Hall elds and fast magneticreconnection. Physics of Plasmas, 15(4), April 2008.41.Dungey J.W.Conditions for the occurence of electrical disharges inastrophysical system. Phis. Mag., V. 44, P. 725-738, 1953.42.Dungey J.W.in Physics of the Magnetopause, edited by P.Song, B.
Sonnerup,and M. Thomsen, AGU Monograph V. 90 (AGU, Washington D.C.), P. 81, 1995.43.Eastwood J.P., Phan T.D., Drake J.F., Shay M.A., Borg A.L., Lavraud B.,Taylor M.G. Energy Partition in Magnetic Reconnection in Earth's Magnetotail. Phys. Rev. Lett., 110 P. 225001, 2013.44.Erkaev N.V., Semenov V.S., Alexeev I.V. and Biernat H. K. Rate of steadystate reconnection in an incompressible plasma.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
