Диссертация (1146780), страница 43
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By now the number of operational digester systems (5) ___________ (reach)176 systems across the United States.Energy prices (6)___________(become) a hot news topic. There also (7) ________ (be) amajor public concern over the threat greenhouse gas emissions pose to our climate.ENERGY STAR (8) __________ (provide) energy-efficient solutions to save energy,money and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ENERGY STAR (9) __________ (provide) atrustworthy label on over 60 product categories for the home and office.
ENERGY STARalso (10) ________ (offer) easy-to-use home and building assessment tools so thathomeowners and building managers can start down the path to greater efficiency and costsavings.__________ (10)7. Reading . Read the following newspaper headings and decide which of the topics theyrefer to:A.
Climate change: _________ B. Ozone layer: __________ C. Alterative energy:_________There is one extra headline. NOTE: There should be a straightforward reference.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.Doing nothing will result in a 25% increase in CO2 output by 2015.After long exposure to the sun rusher may occure.The warm get warmer, the wet get wetter.Metso concludes its evaluation of strategic alternatives for its recycling business.Offshore wind creates onshore jobs.These rays kill plants and cause skin cancer.If the polar ice melts, sea levels could rise by more than a metre over the fewdecades.8.
Several nuclear power plants in the storm's path shut._______ (7)8. Reading . Read a text about recycling. Chose the correct heading (1-6) for each of theextracts (A-E). There is one extra headline.1. Saves energy.2. Saves landfill space.3. Saves natural resources.4. Saves clean air and water.5. Saves money.6. Creates jobs.Five Important Reasons Why People Should RecycleA. _________________________Recycling means that some materials are sorted, collected, processed and thenmanufactured and sold as new products.
It sometimes takes less energy to make productsfrom recycled materials. Recycled aluminum, for example, takes 95% less energy than newaluminum from bauxite ore.B.__________________________The recycling could be one of the less expensive waste management methods for cities.C. __________________________253When the materials that you recycle go into new products, there is no need to place wasteinto land.D. __________________________Recycling supplies valuable raw materials to industry. By making products from recycledmaterials we save land and reduce the need drill for oil and dig for minerals.E. __________________________Making products from recycled materials causes less air and water pollution than makingfrom virgin materials.
But only if the appropriate technologies are used.__________ (5)9. Reading and writing.Read the article. Write a summary (100-150 words) paying attention to the followingpoints.1. the problem the article raises and what causes the problem.2. the possible solutions.3. the actions that have been taken.4.the emissions targets that have been set by the governments.Reducing Greenhouse Gas EmissionsScientific research has shown that the global climate change we have seen over thelast 50 years is very likely the result of human activity. The way we consume energy andthe way we produce it poses definite threats to the world we live in.
It is vital to reducegreenhouse gas emissions so that climate change slows and people have more time toswitch to environmentally friendly energy generation technologies.The development and application of more efficient energy generation technologies isone of the possible strategies for cutting emissions along with the introduction of higherstandards of energy efficiency for electrical appliances, lighting, heating and airconditioning systems, buildings, cars, etc. Another strategy is using alternative energysources with low or zero emission levels, such as solar and wind energy, hydroelectricpower, biomass, etc. Besides, expanding forests, we can slow the rate of global warmingbecause green plants take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, release oxygen and storecarbon in a safe way.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was signedby 165 states in 1994, is a document which sets a framework for international efforts toslow global warming and to develop strategies to adapt to its consequences.
Thegovernments who have ratified the Convention are committed to produce annualinventories of greenhouse gas emissions and Climate action reports. An inventory ofgreenhouse gas emissions represents the nation’s emission figures, provides an overvie ofemission trends, and discusses primary drivers for changes in emissions. A climate actionreport provides a broad overview of all greenhouse gas emission sources, and reviewsnational policies to limit emissions.The Kyoto Protocol is the second international treaty on climate change, which wasadopted on 16 February 2005. The pact sets greenhouse gas emission targets forIndustrialized nations who ratify it.
They are committed to reduce worldwide emissions ofsix greenhouse gases (collectively) by an average of 5.2% below their 1990 levels by theperiod 2008-2012. Developing countries do not have to cut emissions seeing that such acommitment would make their economical situation worse, but they are encouraged tocarry out inventories. _____ (23)25410. Write a report on the following data. What trends do these graphs show? Drawthe attention of the reader to the most important figures.Source: Environmental Protection Agency (USA)____________ (15)255Методические указания к теступо дисциплине «Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере»Тест предусматривает контроль усвоения следующих дидактических единиц:1. Лексика (Vocabulary); Грамматика (Grammar); Чтение (Reading); Письмо (writing).Ответы к заданиям теста.1.
Vocabulary.2. b) emissions; 2. c) causes; 3. a) melting; 4. c) solution; 5. viable; 6. c) average;7. a) due to; 8. d) extinct; 9. d) ratified; 10. c) convert; 11. a) disadvantage; 12. c)concern;2. Vocabulary and word formation.1. radiation; 2. effect; 3. industrial; 4.
detected; 5. seen; 6. populated; 7. production; 8.depletion3. Connecting the cause and the effect.1, 3, 4, 5. Lead to \ cause \ result in ; Due to / result from (с соответствующимиизменениями в тексте).2. Dry regions tend to lose still more moisture. Therefore / Consequently / As a result therisk of forest fire increases.4. Grammar. Passive verb forms.1.
CFCs have been used for many purposes.2. Increase in near-surface ozone is associated with sunny weather.3. This phenomenon is referred to as the Antarctic ozone hole.4. The Montreal protocol was signed in 1987.5. If mercury is spilled, it begins to evaporate.6. The Energy Star programme was founded in 1992.7. the global temperature is expected to rise by 1.4 to 5.8 degrees C by the year 2100.5. Grammar.
Prepositions. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.1. depends on rain. 2. increase in temperature. 3. result in …. 4. According to ….5 resulted from…. 6. responsible for … . 7. such as …. 8. dispose of …6. Grammar. Present Simple, Present Perfect and Past Simple.(1) is; (2) provides; (3) (started) in 1994.
Since then it (4) has been. (5) has reached(6) have become. There also (7) has been. (8) provides. (9) provides. (10) offers.7. Reading .A. Climate change: 1, 3, 7; B. Ozone layer: 2, 3; C. Alterative energy: 5, 8There is one extra headline. NOTE: There should be a straightforward reference.8. Reading .
A. 1; B. 5; C. 2; D. 3; E. 49. Reading and writing. Read the article. Write a summary (100-150 words) payingattention to the following points.Рекомендации по оценке выполнения задания.1. Проверка умений чтения. За корректную идентификацию информации длякаждого из трёх перечисленных вопросов:256the problem the article raises and what causes the problem. (2 балла)the possible solutions.
(8 баллов – по 2 на каждое решение)the actions that have been taken. (2 балла)the emissions targets that have been set by the governments. (1 балл)2. Проверка умений письма.3 балла максимум за соответствие созданного студентом текста поставленной задачеи жанру, включая уместное использование соответствующих задаче речевых средств(подчёркнуты в примере, приведённом ниже).3 балла максимум за связное, логичное, доступное изложение информации.Информация должна быть перефразирована для более быстрого и лёгкоговосприятия.
Существенно, чтобы объём не превышал 150 слов. Больший объёмозначает, что студент не смог найти необходимую информацию в тексте и (или) несумел кратко её изложить.4 балла за соответствие используемого диапазона лексических и грамматическихсредств целевому уровню, за лексическую и грамматическую правильность.10. Write a report on the following data. What trends do these graphs show?Параметры оценки.Соответствие задаче, цельность, связность, логичность изложения (5 баллов).Использование соответствующих жанру и регистру средств (5 баллов). Лексикограмматическая правильность (5 баллов).Объём 100-150 слов.
Задание «весит» максимум 15 баллов.257.
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