Диссертация (1136614), страница 14

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Moscow:Pedagogika, pp. 244–269.152Educational Studies Moscow. 2017. No 2Приложение В Formation of homophily in academic performance: Students change their friends rather than performance Smirnov, I., & Thurner, S. PlOS One, 12(8), e0183473. Homophily, the tendency of individuals to associate with others who share similar traits, has been identified as a major driving force in the formation and evolution of social ties. In many cases, it is not clear if homophily is the result of a socialization process, where individuals change their traits according to the dominance of that trait in their local social networks, or if it results from a selection process, in which individuals reshape their social networks so that their traits match those in the new environment. Here we demonstrate the detailed temporal formation of strong homophily in academic achievements of high school and university students. We analyze a unique dataset that contains information about the detailed time evolution of a friendship network of 6,000 students across 42 months. Combining the evolving social network data with the time series of the academic performance (GPA) of individual students, we show that academic homophily is a result of selection: students prefer to gradually reorganize their social networks according to their performance levels, rather than adapting their performance to the level of their local group. We find no signs for a pull effect, where a social environment of good performers motivates bad students to improve their performance. We are able to understand the underlying dynamics of grades and networks with a simple model. The lack of a social pull effect in classical educational settings could have important implications for the understanding of the observed persistence of segregation, inequality and social immobility in societies. RESEARCH ARTICLEFormation of homophily in academicperformance: Students change theirfriends rather than performanceIvan Smirnov1, Stefan Thurner2,3,4,5*1 Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia,2 Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 3 Santa FeInstitute, Santa Fe, NM, United States of America, 4 IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, 5 Complexity Science HubVienna, Josefstädterstr.

39, A-1080, Vienna, Austria* stefan.thurner@meduniwien.ac.ata1111111111a1111111111a1111111111a1111111111a1111111111OPEN ACCESSCitation: Smirnov I, Thurner S (2017) Formation ofhomophily in academic performance: Studentschange their friends rather than performance. PLoSONE 12(8): e0183473. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183473Editor: Naoki Masuda, University of Bristol,UNITED KINGDOMReceived: January 7, 2017Accepted: August 5, 2017Published: August 30, 2017Copyright: © 2017 Smirnov, Thurner.

This is anopen access article distributed under the terms ofthe Creative Commons Attribution License, whichpermits unrestricted use, distribution, andreproduction in any medium, provided the originalauthor and source are credited.Data Availability Statement: All relevant data isavailable via Dataverse (doi:10.7910/DVN/SZA9YW).Funding: The authors received no specific fundingfor this work.Competing interests: The authors have declaredthat no competing interests exist.AbstractHomophily, the tendency of individuals to associate with others who share similar traits, hasbeen identified as a major driving force in the formation and evolution of social ties. In manycases, it is not clear if homophily is the result of a socialization process, where individualschange their traits according to the dominance of that trait in their local social networks, or ifit results from a selection process, in which individuals reshape their social networks so thattheir traits match those in the new environment.

Here we demonstrate the detailed temporalformation of strong homophily in academic achievements of high school and university students. We analyze a unique dataset that contains information about the detailed time evolution of a friendship network of 6,000 students across 42 months. Combining the evolvingsocial network data with the time series of the academic performance (GPA) of individualstudents, we show that academic homophily is a result of selection: students prefer to gradually reorganize their social networks according to their performance levels, rather thanadapting their performance to the level of their local group. We find no signs for a pull effect,where a social environment of good performers motivates bad students to improve their performance.

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