Анализ, классификация и прогноз свойств гумусовых кислот (1098260), страница 7
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IjbgpbibZevgZy\hafh`ghklvihemq_gbydhjj_dlghcdhebq_kl\_gghcbgnhjfZpbbbaki_dljh\YFJ 13& fh`_l [ulv j_Zebah\ZgZ lhevdh \ mkeh\byo h[_ki_qb\ZxsboijhihjpbhgZevghklvki_dljZevguobgl_gkb\ghkl_ckb]gZeh\Zlhfh\m]e_jh^ZjZaebqguo lbih\ bo j_Zevguf kh^_j`Zgbx \ h[jZap_ >ey mklZgh\e_gbylZdbomkeh\bchij_^_eyxs__agZq_gb_bf__lbgnhjfZpbyhj_eZdkZpbhgguooZjZdl_jbklbd y^_j 13& ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl [Steelink, @ Hkgh\gufbwnn_dlZfb \uau\Zxsbfb kbkl_fZlbq_kdb_ bkdZ`_gby bklbgguodhebq_kl\_gguo khhlghr_gbc f_`^m bgl_gkb\ghklyfb kb]gZeh\ y\eyxlkygZkus_gb_ [Humic substances in the Suwannee river, 1994; Steelink, 1989; Ernst,1971]by^_jgucwnn_dlH\_joZma_jZ[Skjemstad, 1983; Noggle, 1971].GZkus_gb_ \hagbdZ_l \ kemqZ_ _keb wg_j]by ijbeZ]Z_fZy d kibgh\hckbkl_f_ \ kj_^g_f ij_\urZ_l wg_j]bx jZkk_b\Z_fmx _c \ hdjm`Zxsmxkj_^m iml_f j_eZdkZpbb [Knight, 1967] F_jhc ih^Z\Z_fhc wg_j]bb \bfimevkghc ki_dljhkdhibb YFJ kem`bl m]he ih\hjhlZ gZfZ]gbq_gghklbkibgh\hckbkl_fu ΘZf_jhcwnn_dlb\ghklbkibg-j_r_lhqghcj_eZdkZpbb–oZjZdl_jbklbq_kdh_ \j_fy T1 wdkihg_gpbZevgh]h \hkklZgh\e_gbygZfZ]gbq_gghklbMz:(1.3)Mz = M0 (1 – exp(–t/T1)),]^_t –\j_fyM0 –jZ\gh\_kgh_agZq_gb_gZfZ]gbq_gghklbkibgh\hckbkl_fuIjb aZ^Zgghc hlghkbl_evghc ih]j_rghklb σ b m]e_ Θ=π \j_fyg_h[oh^bfhc j_eZdkZpbhgghc aZ^_j`db (Td ^he`gh m^h\e_l\hjylvmkeh\bx [DmrgZj_\]:(1.4)Td ≥ ln(100/|σ|)T1Hq_\b^ghqlh\kemqZ_bkihevah\Zgbyg_^hklZlhqgh]h\j_f_gbaZ^_j`dbkibgu y^_j Zlhfh\ m]e_jh^Z oZjZdl_jbamxsboky [he__ ^ebl_evghcj_eZdkZpb_c g_ mki_\Zxl \hkklZgh\blv i_j\hgZqZevgmx hjb_glZpbx bhlghkbl_evgZybgl_gkb\ghklvbokb]gZeh\\ki_dlj_[m^_laZgb`_gZ[Steelink,1989] >ey ihemq_gby dhebq_kl\_gguo ki_dljh\ j_dhf_g^m_lky bkihevah\ZlvTdg_f_g__71.Ke_^m_l hlf_lblv qlh dhjj_dlgh_ hij_^_e_gb_ \j_f_gb j_eZdkZpbbjZaebqguo lbih\ y^_j \ ij_iZjZlZo ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hcljm^gmxwdki_jbf_glZevgmxaZ^Zqmihijbqbg_agZqbl_evgh]hi_j_dju\Zgbykb]gZeh\<k\yabkwlbfklhqdbaj_gbyihbkdZwdki_jbf_glZevguomkeh\bc1340dhebq_kl\_ggh]h hij_^_e_gby y^_j & [he__ dhjj_dlgh ]h\hjblv ebrv h[hp_gd_ hlghkbl_evguo kdhjhkl_c j_eZdkZpbb y^_j >Skjemstad, 1983; Steelink,1989; Conte, 1997; Wilson, 1983b].<j_f_gZ j_eZdkZpbb y^_j 13K ^ey [hevrbgkl\Z h[uqguo hj]Zgbq_kdbofhe_dme \ hlkmlkl\b_ dbkehjh^Z \ha^moZ baf_jyxlky ^_kyldZfb k_dmg^^hklb]Zy ^ey q_l\_jlbqguo Zlhfh\ m^Ze_gguo hl ijhlhgbjh\Zgghci_jbn_jbb fhe_dmeu \_ebqbg [he__ k < k\yab k wlbf j_]bkljZpbyki_dljh\ijbbkihevah\Zgbb^hklZlhqgh]h^eyiheghcj_eZdkZpbb\k_olbih\y^_j13K\j_f_gbaZ^_j`dbbfimevkZijZdlbq_kdbg_hkms_kl\bfZijbZgZeba_keh`guo kf_k_c lj_[mxsbo ^ebl_evgh]h gZdhie_gby kb]gZeZ [DmrgZj_\1997].<_ebqbgm T1 fh`gh bkdmkkl\_ggh mf_gvrblv ^h[Z\e_gb_f \ h[jZa_piZjZfZ]gblgh]h \_s_kl\Z j_eZdkZglZ >)UHHPDQ @ \ dZq_kl\_ dhlhjh]hh[uqgh bkihevamxl Zp_lbeZp_lhgZlu ojhfZ beb `_e_aZ >/HY\ ] LZdhcf_lh^ rbjhdh ijbf_gyxl ^ey ZgZebaZ g_nl_c b g_nl_ijh^mdlh\ qlhiha\hey_l gZ g_kdhevdh ihjy^dh\ kgbablv T1 ^ey gZb[he__ f_^e_gghj_eZdkbjmxsboy^_jq_l\_jlbqguoZlhfh\m]e_jh^Z[Shoolery, 1977]H^gZdh\ \h^guo jZkl\hjZo ijbf_g_gb_ Zp_lbeZp_lhgZlh\ g_\hafh`gh Zbkihevah\Zgb_ \f_klh gbo k\h[h^guo khe_c i_j_oh^guo f_lZeeh\ \uau\Z_lh[jZah\Zgb_ g_jZkl\hjbfuo ]mfZlh\ \ke_^kl\b_ ki_pbnbq_kdh]hdhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zgby]mfmkh\uodbkehlkbhgZfbf_lZeeh\<ebl_jZlmj_g_m^Zehkv h[gZjm`blv jZ[hl ih bkihevah\Zgbx j_eZdkZglh\ \ ki_dljhkdhibb13KYFJ]mfmkh\uodbkehlK^jm]hcklhjhguki_pbnbdZ]mfmkh\uodbkehlaZdexqZ_lky \ gZebqbb \ kZfbo fhe_dmeZo wlbo \_s_kl\ iZjZfZ]gblguop_gljh\ ij_bfms_kl\_ggh k_fbobghgh\ Z lZd`_ bhgh\ `_e_aZ >6FKQLW]HU1986;+XPLFVXEVWDQFHVLQWKH6XZDQQHHULYHU@EhdZebaZpbywlbop_gljh\\[ebabgZb[he__f_^e_gghj_eZdkbjmxsboy^_j13&hdZau\Z_lgb\_ebjmxs__\ha^_ckl\b_ gZ j_eZdkZpbhggu_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb jZaebqguo lbih\ y^_j 13K \]mfmkh\uo dbkehlZo [Schnitzer, 1986] Djhf_ lh]h T1 ^ey \k_o lbih\ y^_j \kljmdlmj_ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl kgb`Z_lky ba-aZ gbadhc ih^\b`ghklbfZdjhfhe_dme wlbo kh_^bg_gbc Wlb nZdlhju ^_eZxl \hafh`guf ihemq_gb_dhebq_kl\_gguoki_dljh\ 13KYFJ]mfmkh\uodbkehl[_a^h[Z\hdj_eZdkZglZIjb wlhf hij_^_eyxsbf nZdlhjhf \ebyxsbf gZ dhebq_kl\_gghklvihemqZ_fuo^ZgguohklZ_lky\j_fyaZ^_j`dbf_`^mbfimevkZfbKms_kl\m_ljy^jZ[hlihk\ys_gguobkke_^h\Zgbx^Zgghcijh[e_fuLZd\jZ[hl_>1HZPDQ@[ueh\uiheg_ghbkke_^h\Zgb_\ebygbyLd\bgl_j\Ze_-5 kgZki_dljZevgu_bgl_gkb\ghklbhkgh\guo^bZiZahgh\13KYFJ ki_dljZ =D ihq\ ihemq_ggh]h ijb bkihevah\Zgbb ° bfimevkZKh]eZkgh ihemq_gguf ^Zgguf ^ey ihemq_gby dhebq_kl\_gguo ki_dljh\\_ebqbgZLd^he`gZ[ulvg_gb`_k1341<ebygb_ \j_f_gb aZ^_j`db bfimevkZ Td gZ bgl_gkb\ghklv q_luj_o^bZiZahgh\13KYFJki_dljZ]mfmkh\uodbkehl[uehbkke_^h\Zgh\bgl_j\Ze_\j_f_gaZ^_j`db-2 kijbrbjbg_bfimevkZ°[Preston, 1985]jbk 1.3).hlh[s_c bgl_gkb\ghklb40KAlkKAlk-OKArCKOOH302010\j_fyaZ^_j`dbk_d000.511.52Jbk 1.3.
<ebygb_\j_f_gbaZ^_j`dbgZbgl_gkb\ghklv13ki_dljZevguo ^bZiZahgh\ \ ki_dlj_ & YFJ ]mfmkh\uodbkehl>3UHVWRQ@.Kh]eZkgh ^Zgguf ihemq_gguf \ wlhc jZ[hl_ m\_ebq_gb_ \j_f_gbaZ^_j`dbk\ur_kg_\uau\Zehbaf_g_gbc\hlghkbl_evghcbgl_gkb\ghklbmdZaZgguoki_dljZevguo^bZiZahgh\:gZeh]bqgu_^Zggu_[uebihemq_gu\jZ[hl_[Schnitzer, 1986]:\lhjuk^_eZeb\u\h^qlhbkihevah\Zgb_Td = 0.5-1ciha\hey_lihemqZlvdhebq_kl\_ggu_13KYFJki_dlju]mfmkh\uodbkehlIjbwlhf ih^q_jdb\Zehkv qlh ^Zevg_cr__ m\_ebq_gb_ \j_f_gb aZ^_j`dbg_\u]h^gh lZd dZd ijb wlhf \hajZklZxl \j_f_ggu_ aZljZlu gZ j_]bkljZpbxki_dljh\Ke_^m_l hlf_lblvqlhki_dljukfZdkbfZevghcaZ^_j`dhcihemq_ggu_\ i_j_qbke_gguo jZ[hlZo bf_eb djZcg_ g_\ukhdh_ dZq_kl\h Wlhl nZdl g_iha\hey_l h^ghagZqgh hp_gblv ^hklh\_jghklv k^_eZgguo aZdexq_gbc b[_ah]h\hjhqghijbgylvj_dhf_g^ZpbbZ\lhjh\GZb[he__ih^jh[gh_bkke_^h\Zgb_\ebygbyj_eZdkZpbhgghcaZ^_j`dbgZbgl_]jZevgu_bgl_gkb\ghklbjZaebqguoh[eZkl_cki_dljZ[ueh\uiheg_gh\jZ[hl_ [+XPLF VXEVWDQFHV LQ WKH 6XZDQQHH ULYHU @ :\lhjZfb [uebihemq_guki_dljujZkl\hjh\ij_iZjZlh\=DbNDj_qguo\h^\ 12K>FKH\bgl_j\Ze_ Td hl ^h k ijb bkihevah\Zgbb ° bfimevkZ Ihemq_ggu_^Zggu_ iha\hebeb hp_gblv \_ebqbgm T1 ^ey jZaebqguo lbih\ m]e_jh^Z \h[hboij_iZjZlZolZ[e 1.8).42LZ[ebpZ 1.8<j_f_gZkibg-j_r_lhqghcj_eZdkZpbb^eyy^_j K\kljmdlmj_NDb=Dj_qguo\h^>+XPLFVXEVWDQFHVLQWKH6XZDQQHHULYHU]13K=OCOOHArAlk-OAlkND1.4≤T1≤1.81.4≤T1≤1.80.7≤T1≤1.40.2≤T1≤0.40.1≤T1≤0.2=DT1≈1.40.7≤T1≤1.80.7≤T1≤1.4T1≈0.4T1≈0.2QZklhlZbkihevah\Zgby:\lhju j_dhf_g^h\Zeb ^ey ihemq_gby dhebq_kl\_gguo 13K YFJki_dljh\ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl bkihevah\Zlv Td ihjy^dZ k H^gZdh ^Zggu_ hkdhjhklbj_eZdkZpbbihemq_ggu_^eyjZkl\hjh\]mfmkh\uodbkehl\>FKH\jy^ eb dhjj_dlgh i_j_ghkblv gZ \h^gu_ jZkl\hju H^ghc ba ijbqbghkeh`gyxsbo ijbf_g_gb_ \ur_baeh`_gghc bgnhjfZpbb fh`_l [ulvjZaebqgh_kh^_j`Zgb_iZjZfZ]gblguop_gljh\\jZkl\hjZo]mfmkh\uodbkehl\\h^_bhj]Zgbq_kdbojZkl\hjbl_eyo>3UHVWRQ].K_jv_agZy ijh[e_fZ \hagbdZxsZy ijb bgl_jij_lZpbb ih^h[gh]h jh^Z^Zgguo k\yaZgZ k njZ]f_glghc g_h^ghjh^ghklvx bkke_^m_fuo h[eZkl_cki_dljZ < jZ[hl_ [Skjemstad, 1983] [ue ijh\_^_g ZgZeba baf_g_gby \ukhlu12-lb gZb[he__ bgl_gkb\guo ibdh\ \ ki_dlj_ =D ihq\ ijb m\_ebq_gbb\j_f_gb aZ^_j`db hl ^h k Ijb wlhf [ueh ihdZaZgh qlh kb]gZeu \ij_^_eZo h^ghc ki_dljZevghc h[eZklb bf_xl agZqbl_evgh jZaebqZxsb_kykdhjhklbj_eZdkZpbb \j_fyaZ^_j`dbk!Jbk 1.4.
KlZlbklbdZ bkihevah\Zgby jZaebqguo \j_f_g \ 13K YFJ]mfmkh\uodbkehlaZ^_j`db\jZ[hlZo-]].LZdbf h[jZahf \ gZklhysbc fhf_gl g_ kms_kl\m_l _^bgh]h fg_gbyhlghkbl_evgh\_ebqbguhilbfZevgh]h\j_f_gbaZ^_j`dbf_`^mbfimevkZfbiha\heyxs_]hihemqZlvdhebq_kl\_ggu_ki_dlju 13KYFJ]mfmkh\uodbkehlk \ukhdbf khhlghr_gb_f kb]gZermf ijb jZamfguo aZljZlZo \j_f_gb gZ43j_]bkljZpbxki_dljZZbkihevam_fucjZaebqgufbbkke_^h\Zl_eyfb^bZiZahg\j_f_gj_eZdkZpbhgghcaZ^_j`dbdjZcg_rbjhdjbk 1.4).DZd \b^gh ba ^Zggh]h jbkmgdZ ih^Z\eyxs__ [hevrbgkl\hbkke_^h\Zl_e_cbkihevah\Zeb\j_f_gZaZ^_j`db kbf_g__IjbwlhfZ\lhjudZd ijZ\beh kkueZxlky gZ ihemq_ggu_ ^Zggu_ dZd gZ j_amevlZludhebq_kl\_ggh]hbkke_^h\Zgbyqlhdijbf_jm^eywdki_jbf_glh\kTd<0.5 c.y\ey_lkykhfgbl_evguf\k\_l_\ur_baeh`_gguoj_amevlZlh\GZb[he__ \Z`guc ^ey dhebq_kl\_ggh]h ZgZebaZ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehlkemqZc ijhy\e_gby y^_jgh]h wnn_dlZ H\_joZma_jZ – j_]bkljZpby ki_dljh\YFJ13&\mkeh\byoiheghcjZa\yadbhlijhlhgh\>1RJJOH].<_ebqbgZ nZdlhjZ YWH ^ey y^_j m]e_jh^Z fh`_l ^hklb]ZlvfZdkbfZevgh]h agZq_gby _keb ^hfbgbjmxsbc \deZ^ \ kibgj_r_lhqgmx j_eZdkZpbx \ghkbl ^bihev-^bihevguc f_oZgbaf >5LFFD 1993].;eZ]h^Zjy ijbkmlkl\bx \ fhe_dmeZo ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl iZjZfZ]gblguop_gljh\ h[_ki_qb\Zxsbo wnn_dlb\guc we_dljhggh-y^_jguc f_oZgbafj_eZdkZpbb wlZ \_ebqbgZ \ kemqZ_ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ^he`gZ [ulvkms_kl\_gghgb`_Hp_gdZ \_ebqbgu nZdlhjZ YWH ^ey =D b ND ihq\ [ueZ ijh\_^_gZ \jZ[hl_[3UHVWRQ@Kh]eZkghihemq_gguf^Zgguf\_ebqbgZnZdlhjZYWH^eyjZaebqguolbih\y^_j 13K\kljmdlmj_]mfmkh\uodbkehlg_ij_\urZ_lIjbwlhfnZdlhjYWHmf_gvrZ_lky\jy^mZebnZlbq_kdb_–dZj[h]b^jZlgu_–ZjhfZlbq_kdb_ – dZj[hdkbevgu_ Zlhfu 13K :gZeh]bqgZy aZdhghf_jghklvh[gZjm`_gZ \ jZ[hl_ [Humic substances in the Suwannee river, 1994],\uiheg_gghc^ey=DbNDj_qguo\h^lZ[e 1.9).LZ[ebpZ 1.9NZdlhjuYWH^eyjZaebqguoh[eZkl_cki_dljZ]mfmkh\uodbkehlj_qguo\h^[Humic substances in the Suwannee river, 1994]Ki_dljZevgZyh[eZklvf^220-180180-160160-9090-6060-0ND=D0.20.110.350.140.310.190.670.480.90.66>ey mkljZg_gby y^_jgh]h wnn_dlZ H\_joZma_jZ rbjhdh bkihevam_fufijb_fhf y\ey_lky \udexq_gb_ rmfh\hc jZa\yadb hl ijhlhgh\ gZ i_jbh^j_eZdkZpbhgghc aZ^_j`db >+XPLF VXEVWDQFHV LQ WKH 6XZDQQHH ULYHU ;Steelink, 1989]MdZaZghqlhijbwlhfy^_jgucwnn_dlH\_joZma_jZkgbfZ_lkyiheghklvxKms_kl\m_l f_lh^ dhebq_kl\_ggh]h ZgZebaZ [_a khojZg_gby bklbgguokhhlghr_gbc bgl_gkb\ghkl_c \ ki_dlj_ – f_lh^ \_kh\uo nZdlhjh\44ij_^mkfZljb\Zxsbc dZeb[jh\dm kb]gZeh\ ih h[jZapZf ba\_klghcdhgp_gljZpbb>DmrgZj_\@Wlhlf_lh^wdkij_kk_gihkdhevdmg_lj_[m_lih^Z\e_gby y^_jgh]h wnn_dlZ H\_joZma_jZ b iha\hey_l bkihevah\ZlvhilbfZevgh_khhlghr_gb_f_`^mm]ehfΘb\j_f_g_fih\lhj_gbybfimevkh\Kms_kl\mxljZ[hluh[hkgh\u\Zxsb_ijbf_g_gb_f_lh^Z\_kh\uonZdlhjh\^ey ZgZebaZ g_nl_ijh^mdlh\ [Kfbjgh\ ] H^gZdh ijbf_g_gb_ ^Zggh]hf_lh^Z ^ey ZgZebaZ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ij_^klZ\ey_lky gZ gZklhysbc fhf_glg_jZaj_rbfhcaZ^Zq_c\i_j\mxhq_j_^vklhqdbaj_gby\u[hjZZ^_d\ZlguodZeb[jh\hqguoklZg^Zjlh\L\_j^hnZagZyki_dljhkdhiby13KYFJ]mfmkh\uodbkehl.<gZklhys__\j_fyh[s_ijbgylhcl_ogbdhcihemq_gbyl\_j^hnZaguo13KYFJ ki_dljh\ y\ey_lky khq_lZgb_ djhkk-iheyjbaZpbb k \jZs_gb_f ih^©fZ]bq_kdbfm]ehfª(Cross Polarisation Magic Angle Spinning, CPMAS) [Ricca,1993; Skjemstad, 1983; Steelink, 1997] Ihkdhevdm ijb j_]bkljZpbb 13& YFJki_dljh\ \ l\_j^hc nZa_ ^hklb]Z_lkyfZdkbfZevgZydhgp_gljZpby]mfmkh\uodbkehllhihkjZ\g_gbxkYFJjZkl\hjh\ihemq_gb_ki_dljh\ZgZeh]bqgh]hdZq_kl\Z lj_[m_l agZqbl_evgh f_gvr_ \j_f_gb [Kinchesh, 1995] < k\yab khkjZ\gbl_evghc ^_r_\baghc b wdkij_kkghklvx ^Zgguc f_lh^ rbjhdhijbf_gy_lky ^ey bkke_^h\Zgby ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl H^gZdh \ub]jur \dZq_kl\_ ihemqZ_fuo ki_dljh\ aZ kq_l m\_ebq_gby khhlghr_gby kb]gZermfgb\_ebjm_lky kms_kl\_ggh [hevrbf mrbj_gb_f kb]gZeh\ [Frund, 1994].>Zgguc nZdlhj ijb\h^bl d _s_ [he__ agZqbl_evghfm i_j_dju\Zgbxki_dljZevguo h[eZkl_c qlh m\_ebqb\Z_l ih]j_rghklv aZ kq_l jZa[b_gbyki_dljZgZbgl_]jbjm_fu_^bZiZahguKms_kl\_gguf g_^hklZldhf l\_j^hnZaghc ki_dljhkdhibb 13& YFJkqblZ_lkylhqlh\^eywlh]hf_lh^Z\ukhdZ^heyg_ijhy\eyxsboky\ki_dlj_y^_j m]e_jh^Z Ih g_dhlhjuf hp_gdZf dhebq_kl\h g_\b^bfuo y^_j fh`_l^hklb]Zlv-h[s_]hkh^_j`Zgbym]e_jh^Z\kljmdlmj_]mfmkh\uodbkehl[Ricca, 1993, Kinchesh, 1995] qlh \uau\Z_l h[hkgh\Zggu_ khfg_gby \Z^_d\ZlghklbihemqZ_fhckljmdlmjghcbgnhjfZpbb>%H\HU].Ihfbfh wlh]h ijb j_]bkljZpbb CPMAS ki_dljh\ fh`_l \hagbdZlvagZqbl_evgZy g_ijhihjpbhgZevghklv bgl_gkb\ghkl_c ]jmii kb]gZeh\kh^_j`Zgbx khhl\_lkl\mxsbo Zlhfh\ m]e_jh^Z \ h[jZap_ IjbqbgZfb wlh]h^ey]mfmkh\uodbkehlfh]mly\eylvkyg_[eZ]hijbylgu_khhlghr_gby\j_f_goZjZdl_jbamxsbo kdhjhklb djhkk-iheyjbaZpbb LKG b kibg-j_r_lhqghcj_eZdkZpbb ijhlhgh\ T1H Z lZd`_ ijbkmlkl\b_ iZjZfZ]gblguo p_gljh\ bhkh[_gghklbfhe_dmeyjgh]h^\b`_gby>+XPLFVXEVWDQFHVLQWKH6XZDQQHHULYHU1994] < kemqZ_ _keb dZ`^Zy bgl_gkb\gZy ihehkZ \ CPMAS ki_dlj_]mfmkh\uo dbkehl oZjZdl_jbam_lky hlebqguf hl hklZevguo hilbfZevguf\j_f_g_f djhkk-iheyjbaZpbhggh]h bfimevkZ lh ihemq_gb_ dhebq_kl\_ggh]h45ki_dljZfh`_lhdZaZlvkyg_hkms_kl\bfuf[Steelink, 1997; Humic substances inthe Suwannee river, 1994].Ohly rbjhdh bkihevam_fu_ iZjZf_lju j_]bkljZpbb CPMAS ki_dljh\hkgh\Zggu_ gZ \j_f_gb dhglZdlZ fk b j_eZdkZpbhgghc aZ^_j`d_ kiha\heyxlihemqZlvdhebq_kl\_ggu_ 13KYFJki_dlju[hevrbgkl\Zijhkluohj]Zgbq_kdbo fhe_dme \hijhk h \hafh`ghklb ihemq_gby \ wlbo mkeh\byodhebq_kl\_gguoki_dljh\]mfmkh\uodbkehlhklZ_lkyij_^f_lhf^bkdmkkbb<jy^_ jZ[hl [Wilson, 1983c; Hatcher, 1987; Frund, 1989] ml\_j`^Zehkv qlh \wlbo mkeh\byo ihemq_gu dhebq_kl\_ggu_ CPMAS ki_dlju eb]gbgZ]mfmkh\uodbkehlihq\bfhjkdbok_^bf_glh\H^gZdh\jZ[hl_>&RQWH 1997]mdZau\Z_lky qlh hilbfZevgh_ \j_fy dhglZdlZ g_h[oh^bfh ih^[bjZlvbg^b\b^mZevgh ^ey dZ`^h]h ij_iZjZlZ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ijb wlhf hgh dZdijZ\behgb`_ fkG_kdhevdbfb ]jmiiZfb bkke_^h\Zl_e_c him[ebdh\Zgu ^Zggu_^hdZau\Zxsb_ qlh hij_^_ey_fh_ ba CPMAS ki_dljh\ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehlkh^_j`Zgb_ ZjhfZlbq_kdbo y^_j 13K h[uqgh gb`_ lZdh\h]h ba ki_dljh\jZkl\hjh\ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl [Preston, 1985; Newman, 1980; Schnitzer, 1986;Earl, 1987] Ijb wlhf kh^_j`Zgb_ ZjhfZlbq_kdbo njZ]f_glh\ hij_^_e_ggh_baKJF:Ski_dljZ\klZg^Zjlguomkeh\byofh`_l[ulvgb`_ihemq_ggh]hbaki_dljZjZkl\hjZwlh]hij_iZjZlZk^ebl_evghcj_eZdkZpbhgghcaZ^_j`dhcgZb[he__[Humic substances in the Suwannee river, 1994;&RQWH@LZdbfh[jZahf dhebq_kl\_gghklv fgh]hqbke_gguo ^Zgguo ihemq_gguo f_lh^hfCPMAS\uau\Z_lk_jv_agu_khfg_gby< jZ[hl_ >&RQWH k] [ueZ \ukdZaZgZ ijhlb\hiheh`gZy ]bihl_aZh[tykgyxsZy ihemqZ_fmx ^bkijhihjpbx aZgb`_gb_f j_amevlZlh\hij_^_e_gby ZebnZlbq_kdh]h m]e_jh^Z ijb j_]bkljZpbb ki_dljh\ ]mfmkh\uodbkehl \ jZkl\hj_ =bihl_aZ ij_^iheZ]Z_l kms_kl\h\Zgb_ \ kljmdlmj_]mfmkh\uodbkehl[hevrbom]e_\h^hjh^guojZ^bdZeh\dhlhju_\s_ehqghfjZkl\hj_ hdZau\Zxlky \gmljb fbp_ee ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl \ k\yab kdhgnhjfZpbhggufbbaf_g_gbyfbbfh]ml[ulvwdjZgbjh\Zguhlbaemq_gby]b^jhnbevghc qZklvx fhe_dme H^gZdh k lhqdb aj_gby l_hjbb YFJ lZdh_h[tykg_gb_ij_^klZ\ey_lkydjZcg_g_m[_^bl_evgufLZdbf h[jZahf j_amevlZlu ki_dljhkdhibb 13& jZkl\hjh\ iha\heyxlihemqZlv [he__ ihegmx b dhjj_dlgmx kljmdlmjgmx bgnhjfZpbx dZd \dZq_kl\_gghflZdb\dhebq_kl\_gghfZki_dlZo<k\yabkwlbf^Zggucf_lh^ij_^klZ\ey_lky ij_^ihqlbl_evguf g_kfhljy gZ lj_[m_fu_ [hevrb_ aZljZluijb[hjgh]h\j_f_gb461.5 Ki_dljhkdhibyIFJ]mfmkh\uodbkehlAZ^ZqZ kljmdlmjgh]h bkke_^h\Zgby ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl f_lh^hf IFJki_dljhkdhibb lZd`_ dZd b \ kemqZ_ ki_dljhkdhibb 13K YFJ k\h^blky d\u^_e_gbx]jmiikb]gZeh\ih\hafh`ghklbhlghkysbokydZlhfZf\h^hjh^Zkoh^gh]h kljmdlmjgh]h lbiZ b bo dhebq_kl\_gghfm ZgZebam [Steelink, 1997,Skjemstad, 1993] H^gZdh ki_dljhkdhiby IFJ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl bf__l jy^ki_pbnbq_kdboijh[e_f\qbke_dhlhjuofh`gh\u^_eblvke_^mxsb_– kbevgZy aZ\bkbfhklv kb]gZeh\ ijhlhgh\ nmgdpbhgZevguo ]jmii hljZkl\hjbl_eybmkeh\bcgZebqbyhlkmlkl\byijhlhggh]hh[f_gZ– ijbkmlkl\b_ \ ki_dljZo IFJ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl kb]gZeh\ hklZlhqguoijhlhgh\ jZkl\hjbl_ey i_j_dju\Zxsboky k fZehbgl_gkb\gufb kb]gZeZfbijhlhgh\]mfmkh\uodbkehlJbk 1.5.
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