Анализ, классификация и прогноз свойств гумусовых кислот (1098260), страница 11
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al., 1978>F@gbadbcij_^_e Z^khj[pbygZh[gZjm`_gby f_f[jZg_Ihl_gpbhf_ljbyk KD&Xbhgk_e_dlb\gufb Cd, Pbwe_dljh^Zfb>F@lhqghklvlj_[m_lky\ukhdZy Bresnahan et al., 1978;wdkij_kkghklv dhgp_gljZpbyGuy and Chackrabarti,f_lZeeZkhj[pby 1976;=NDgZwe_dljh^_ Yin et al., 1997Iheyjh]jZnby>F@\ukhdZyqm\kl\bl_evghklvCu, Cd,Pb, ZnJZkl\hjbfhklb ex[u_::KZ^khj[pby=NDgZwe_dljh^_Ephraim and Marinsky,1990;Weber, 1988Weber, 1988;Pandeya, 1993>F/@>0@ lhqghklvljm^ghklvFZoZjZ^a_b^jih^[hjZl\_j^hc <ZjrZeb^jnZau*>F@>FL@b>L] –jZ\gh\_kgu_dhgp_gljZpbbk\h[h^gh]hf_lZeeZdhfie_dkZbk\h[h^gh]heb]Zg^Zkhhl\_lkl\_ggh** <dexqZyh[jZs_ggh-nZah\mxb]_ev-nbevljZpbx*** :lhfgh-Z[khj[pbhggZyki_dljhkdhiby=eZ\guf g_^hklZldhf f_lh^h\ \lhjhc ]jmiiu y\ey_lky h]jZgbq_ggZyijbf_gbfhklvG_dhlhju_bagbolZd`_g_k\h[h^guhlijh[e_fZ^khj[pbb=NDZ^khj[bjmxlkygZbhgk_e_dlb\guobjlmlguowe_dljh^Zo>Weber, 1988].BlZd \u[hj f_lh^Z ^ey bkke_^h\Zgby dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zgby =ND k bhgZfbLF dZd b ^ey bkke_^h\Zgby nmgdpbhgZevgh]h khklZ\Z \k_]^Z y\ey_lkydhfijhfbkkhff_`^mp_eyfbjZ[hlubh]jZgbq_gbyfbf_lh^Z1.8.5 Dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zgb_]mfmkh\uodbkehlk+J,,DZdb^ey^jm]bof_lZeeh\ijb\aZbfh^_ckl\bb=NDk+J2+gZ[ex^ZebZ^khj[pbx +J2+ gZ l\_j^uo =ND ffhev] >6DYDQW and Pandey, 1995]),h[jZah\Zgb_ g_jZkl\hjbfuo ]mfZlh\ >Hgmnjb_ghd b Kheh^h\gbdh\Z 1961;Pang and Zhao, 1983@ b dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zgb_ Djhf_ lh]h \ k\yab k jy^hfhkh[_gghkl_c +J,, gZjy^m k hibkZggufb ^ey g__ \hafh`gh ijhl_dZgb_lZdbo ki_pbnbq_kdbo ijhp_kkh\ dZd \hkklZgh\e_gb_ b f_lbebjh\Zgb_ Ijbwlhf dZd ihdZau\Zxl fgh]hqbke_ggu_ bkke_^h\Zgby Z[bhlbq_kdh_f_lbebjh\Zgb_+J,,]mfmkh\ufbdbkehlZfbg_b]jZ_lijbgpbibZevghcjhebih kjZ\g_gbx k [bhlbq_kdbf >Aujbg b H[moh\kdZy, 1980@ Ihwlhfm gb`_74[m^ml ih^jh[gh jZkkfhlj_gu lhevdh ijhp_kku dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zgby b\hkklZgh\e_gbyDhebq_kl\_ggu_ iZjZf_lju ijhp_kkZ dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zgby ]mfmkh\uodbkehlk+J,,ijb\_^_gu\lZ[e 1.14).LZ[ebpZ 1.14DhgklZglumklhcqb\hklbdhfie_dkh\]mfmkh\uodbkehlkHg(II)ebl_jZlmjgu_^Zggu_jGµ<ujZ`_gb_>=ND@=Dfhjkdbohleh`_gbc5?=NDl\_j^u_ Bhghh[f_ggucFhjkdb_=ND8=NDF_lh^fhevd]j-jZba =_evnbevljZpbbMw=4600÷32000J_qgu_=NDHa_jgu_=NDKl_obhf_ljby(1:n)(1:1)Bklhqgbd5.2 (β2) Strohal and Huljev,197018.1Mantoura et al.,19.3-19.7 197818.4-20.1Lhjnygu_ND18.3NDFhkd\uj_db6.50.1Ihq\_ggu_4-60.17?=NDnbjfu“ Aldrich”lgKfhevebaJZkl\hjbfhklbMwND HgOFKPffhev]KIhl_gpbhf_ljbq_kdbcFKPKhj[pbbgZffhev]=ND ihebwlbe_g_1:111<ZjrZe b;mZqb^a_1:14.7Yin et al, 1997kj_^g1:113.7-15.0 Heiden and Aikens,1983* DhgklZglZ mklhcqb\hklb jZkkqblZgZ gZfb ih ^Zgguf h \ebygbb =ND Z^khj[pbx+J,,gZihebwlbe_g_\^bklbeebjh\Zgghc\h^_ijb\_^_gguf\>Heiden, Aikens, 1983].Kh^_j`Zgb_ jlmlv-k\yau\Zxsbo p_gljh\ \ =ND nbjfu ³$OGULFK´ [ueh hij_^_e_gh gZhkgh\_gZrbowdki_jbf_glh\jZa^jG\kbkl_f_kh^_j`Zs_c=NDb+J,,Z\lhjug_ hij_^_eyeb ihwlhfm _c [ue ijbibkZg jG ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc \h^u KqblZeb qlh gZihebwlbe_g_ khj[bjm_lky +J2+2 b jZkkqblu\Zeb >+J.JKP@>+J2+2@ ]^_ JKP – jlmlvk\yau\Zxsbc p_glj ZgZeh]bqgh jZa^ GZ hkgh\Zgbb ^Zgguo ih jG b &JKPjZkkqblu\Zeb dhgklZglm mklhcqb\hklb ]mfZlZ jlmlb DhgklZglZ mf_gvrZeZkv ih f_j_m\_ebq_gby khhlghr_gby =ND+J,, qlh fh]eh [ulv h[mkeh\e_gh dZd g_jZ\ghp_gghklvxp_gljh\k\yau\ZgbylZdbaZdbke_gb_fjZkl\hjZaZkq_l\\_^_gby=NDkhijh\h`^Zxsbfkym\_ebq_gb_f>+J2+]/[Hg(OH)2@Ijh\_^_ggu_gZfbfh^_evgu_jZkq_luihdZaZebqlhaZkq_lwlh]hwnn_dlZijbkgb`_gbbjGk^hdZ`msZykydhgklZglZmklhcqb\hklb]mfZlZjlmlb^he`gZ[ueZkgbablvkygZihjy^dZDZd \b^gh ba lZ[e.
1.14 ijb\h^bfu_ \ ebl_jZlmj_ ^Zggu_ jZaebqZxlkygZ ihjy^dh\ Wlhl nZdl lj_[m_l ih^jh[gh]h ZgZebaZ \k_o jZ[hl k l_fhp_gblvZ^_d\Zlghklvihemq_gguodhgklZglijhp_kkZfdhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zgby]mfmkh\uodbkehlk+J,,<i_j\mxhq_j_^vh[jZsZxlgZk_[y\gbfZgb_gbadb_agZq_gbydhgklZgl\ jZ[hlZo ><LQ et al., 1997; Strohal and Huljev, 1970@ :\lhju jZ[hlu [Strohaland Huljev, 1970@ijh\h^bebwdki_jbf_glukl\_j^ufbij_iZjZlZfb=NDqlhaZklZ\ey_l khfg_\Zlvky \ Z^_d\Zlghklb ihemq_gguo agZq_gbc dhgklZgl75ijhp_kkZfijhl_dZxsbf\jZkl\hjZoJ_amevlZlujZ[hlu><LQet al., 1997@kgZr_clhqdbaj_gby^h\hevghijhlb\hj_qb\u:\lhjuhij_^_eyebdhgklZglumklhcqb\hklb ]mfZlh\ jlmlb bkoh^y ba baf_j_gbc dhgp_gljZpbb k\h[h^gh]hbhgZ +J2+ H^gZdh ijb OJ.+JJKP =ND ijZdlbq_kdb g_ \ebyxl gZ[Hg2+@ ihkdhevdm \ wlbo mkeh\byo jlmlv [m^_l ij_bfms_kl\_ggh k\yaZgZ \]b^jhdkhdhfie_dk b baf_g_gb_ __ dhgp_gljZpbb \ ijbkmlkl\bb =ND [m^_lg_agZqbl_evgufGZhkgh\Zgbb\ur_baeh`_ggh]hagZq_gbylgβ2+J=ND = b OJ.+JJKP = ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_Z^_d\Zlgu_bkke_^m_fhfmijhp_kkm:gZeba hklZevguo jZ[hl g_ \uy\be nZdlhjh\ dhlhju_ fh]eb [ukms_kl\_ggh bkdZablv agZq_gby dhgklZgl mklhcqb\hklb ijb\h^bfuoZ\lhjZfbLZdbfh[jZahffh`ghk^hklZlhqghcm\_j_gghklvx]h\hjblvhlhfqlh ]mfmkh\u_ dbkehlu h[jZamxl \_kvfZ mklhcqb\u_ dhfie_dku k Hg(II) khagZq_gbyfbOJ.+JJKPg_f_gvr_q_f11.<ke_^kl\b_ [hevrh]h hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evgh]h ihl_gpbZeZiZju +J2+/Hg0 ?h = < jlmlv kihkh[gZ e_]dh \hkklZgZ\eb\Zlvky ^Z`_ \ijbkmlkl\bbkeZ[uo\hkklZgh\bl_e_cGZebqb_\=ND]b^jhobghgguo]jmiiZ lZd`_ ^jm]bo njZ]f_glh\ g_kmsbo g_kiZj_ggu_ we_dljhgu iha\hey_lij_^iheh`blv \hafh`ghklv \hkklZgh\e_gby +J,, ^h we_f_glZjghc ih^^_ckl\b_f =ND K ^jm]hc klhjhgu k\yau\Zgb_ +J,, \ dhfie_dkgu_kh_^bg_gbyk=ND^he`ghihgb`Zlvihl_gpbZe\hkklZgh\e_gbyjlmlbbdZdke_^kl\b_ ij_iylkl\h\Zlv \hkklZgh\e_gbx Ihwlhfm aZ\bkbfhklv kdhjhklb\hkklZgh\e_gby +J,, hl dhgp_gljZpbb =ND fh`_l bf_lv \_kvfZ keh`guc\b^Djhf_lh]hijhp_kkZ[bhlbq_kdh]h\hkklZgh\e_gby+J,,dhgdmjbjm_lk[bhlbq_kdbfijbq_fihke_^gbc^hfbgbjm_l\ihq\Zob^hgguohleh`_gbyo[Skogerboe and Wilson, 1981@ LZdbf h[jZahf \hafh`ghklv Z[bhlbq_kdh]h\hkklZgh\e_gby +J,, =ND ljm^ghij_^kdZam_fZ b aZ\bkbl hl jZaebqguonZdlhjh\ dhgp_gljZpby =ND b ^jm]bo eb]Zg^h\ kh^_j`Zgb_ dbkehjh^ZgZebqb_k\_lZLZd\jZ[hl_>$OODUG and Arsenie, 1991@ihdZaZghgZebqb_Z[bhlbq_kdh]h\hkklZgh\e_gby +J,, =ND ^h we_f_glZjghc dhlhjh_ h^gZdh ijhl_dZ_lhq_gv f_^e_ggh ijb .10–6F jlmlb ,, b f]e =ND \ l_q_gb_ q\hkklZgZ\eb\Z_lky g_ [he__ \\_^_gghc jlmlb ijbq_f oehjb^uih^Z\eyxlwlhlijhp_kk76< hlebqb_ hl ij_^u^ms_c jZ[hlu ^Zggu_>6NRJHUERH and Wilson, 1981;Matthiessen, 1996@ mdZau\Zxl gZ hq_gv [ukljh_ g_kdhevdh ^_kyldh\ ^_kyldbk_dmg^ \hkklZgh\e_gb_ +J,, H^gZdh wlb ^Zggu_ ijhlb\hj_qZl jZ[hlZf[Mantoura et al., 1978] b[Heiden and Aikens, 1983@\dhlhjuog_gZ[ex^Zehkvihl_jv jlmlb ba jZkl\hjh\ k ]mfmkh\ufb dbkehlZfb ijbq_f \ ihke_^g_cjZ[hl_ jZkl\hj kh^_j`Zsbc f]e =ND \u^_j`b\Zeky \ l_q_gb_ ^g_cDjhf_ lh]h ij_^klZ\ey_lky fZeh\_jhylguf qlh hdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\bl_evgZy j_Zdpby \ hq_gv jZa[Z\e_gguo jZkl\hjZo k mqZklb_f\_kvfZ keZ[h]h \hkklZgh\bl_ey kihkh[gZ iheghklvx ijhclb aZ g_kdhevdh^_kyldh\k_dmg^LZdbfh[jZahfg_kfhljygZgZebqb_^Zgguoh[ukljhf\hkklZgh\e_gbb+J,, ]mfmkh\ufb dbkehlZfb ijhl_dZgb_ lZdh]h ijhp_kkZ ij_^klZ\ey_lkyfZeh\_jhylguf b _]h fh`gh g_ mqblu\Zlv ijb hibkZgbb \aZbfh^_ckl\by]mfmkh\uodbkehlkHg(II).1.8.6 Bkke_^h\Zgb_^_lhdkbpbjmxsbok\hckl\]mfmkh\uodbkehlihhlghr_gbxdly`_euff_lZeeZff_lh^hf[bhl_klbjh\ZgbyLhl nZdl qlh =ND kihkh[kl\mxl kgb`_gbx lhdkbqghklb b gZdhie_gby[hevrbgkl\Z ly`_euo f_lZeeh\ ih^l\_j`^Z_lky fgh]hqbke_ggufbbkke_^h\Zgbyfb >:LQQHU, 1984; Vymazal, 1984; Gjessing, 1981; Winner, 1985;Buchwalter et al., 1996@ MdZaZgguc wnn_dl h[tykgy_lky kgb`_gb_fjZ\gh\_kghcdhgp_gljZpbbk\h[h^guobhgh\f_lZeeh\>%XFKZDOWHUet al., 1996;Pommery et al., 1985].D kh`Ze_gbx ijyfuo bkke_^h\Zgbc \ebygby =ND gZ lhdkbq_kdh_^_ckl\b_ +J,, ihqlb g_l H^gZdh kms_kl\m_l jy^ ihe_\uo bkke_^h\Zgbcihk\ys_gguo \ebygbx p\_lghklb \h^u h[mkeh\e_gghc \ i_j\mx hq_j_^vkh^_j`Zgb_f=NDgZ[bhgZdhie_gb_jlmlb>Zggu_ihwlhfm\hijhkm\_kvfZijhlb\hj_qb\uLZdZ\lhju>0DQQLR et al., 1986@ml\_j`^Zxlqlhkms_kl\m_lijyfZy\aZbfhk\yavf_`^mdhgp_gljZpb_c=NDbkh^_j`Zgb_f+J,,\ju[Zo>Kl_iZgh\Z b Dhfh\, 1996; Simonin et al., 1994@ K ^jm]hc klhjhgu Z\lhju[Nilsson and+DNDQVRQ@\uy\bebgZebqb_\_kvfZmf_j_gguodhjj_eypbcf_`^m kh^_j`Zgb_f +J,, \ ju[Zo b p\_lghklvx lhevdh ^ey ]em[hdbokj_^gyy ]em[bgZ ! f ha_j >ey f_edbo ha_j \aZbfhk\yav ijZdlbq_kdbhlkmlkl\h\ZeZ H^gZdh ba ijb\_^_gguo ^Zgguo g_ykgh \ dZdhc f_j_kh^_j`Zgb_ +J,, \ ju[Zo dhjj_ebjm_l k __ dhgp_gljZpb_c \ \h^_ b g_h[mkeh\e_gheb\ebygb_=NDm\_ebq_gb_fdhgp_gljZpbbjZkl\hj_gguonhjf+J,, LZdbf h[jZahf jhev =ND \ ijhp_kkZo gZdhie_gby +J,, \ ju[ZohklZ_lkyg_\uykg_gghcJ_amevlZlu eZ[hjZlhjguo bkke_^h\Zgbc gZijZ\e_gguo gZ bamq_gb_\ebygby =ND gZ lhdkbqghklv b [bhgZdhie_gb_ +J,, ]h\hjyl h kgb`_gbb77h[hbo wnn_dlh\ LZd =ND kgb`Zeb lhdkbqghklv +J,, ih hlghr_gbx dDaphnia magna [Oikari et al., 1992@<wdki_jbf_glZokju[Zfb[uehihdZaZghiZ^_gb_dhwnnbpb_glZ[bhZddmfmeypbb203+J\2U\]LDVODWLSHV\jZaaZkq_l\\_^_gby f]e =ND f]e +J,, q wdkihabpby >2K HW DO, 1986].Koh^gu_ j_amevlZlu ihemqbeb Z\lhju >5DPDPRRUWK\ and Blumhagen, 1984]^eyju[Salmo gairdneri.LZdbf h[jZahf bf_xsb_ky ^Zggu_ k\b^_l_evkl\mxl h lhf qlh]mfmkh\u_dbkehluh[eZ^Zxl^_lhdkbpbjmxsbfbk\hckl\Zfbihhlghr_gbxd +J,, h^gZdh wlh [ueh ihdZaZgh gZ \_kvfZ h]jZgbq_gghf gZ[hj_ l_klh[t_dlh\ Djhf_ lh]h fh^gh dhgklZlbjh\Zlv b hlkmlkl\b_ jZajZ[hlZgguoih^oh^h\ d ij_^kdZaZgbx ^_lhdkbpbjmxsbo k\hckl\ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl gZhkgh\ZgbbbgnhjfZpbbh[bokljh_gbb1.9 K\yau\Zxsb_b^_lhdkbpbjmxsb_k\hckl\Z]mfmkh\uodbkehlihhlghr_gbxdhj]Zgbq_kdbfwdhlhdkbdZglZf=mfmkh\u_ dbkehlu hdZau\Zxl kms_kl\_ggh_ \ebygb_ gZ nhjfukms_kl\h\Zgbyhj]Zgbq_kdbowdhlhdkbdZglh\WL\wdhkbkl_fZoK\yau\Zgb_WL]mfmkh\ufbdbkehlZfbjZ\ghkbevghijhp_kkm_]h\u\_^_gbybak\h[h^ghjZkl\hj_ggh]h khklhygby Wlh fh`_l ijb\h^blv d baf_g_gbx jZ\gh\_kbyf_`^m \a\_r_gghc b jZkl\hj_gghc nhjfZfb WL >Herbes, 1977; Landrum etal., 1994; Wilcke and Zech, 1997; Nam et al., 1998; Voice and Weber, 1983;Karickhoff et al., 1979; Suffet and MacCarthy, 1989] khijh\h`^Zlvkym\_ebq_gb_f bo jZkl\hjbfhklb \ \h^_ >Chiou et al., 1986; Chiou et al., 1987],mf_gvr_gb_f e_lmq_klb >Swan and Eschenroeder, 1983@ mkdhj_gb_f nhlhebaZ[Guna et al., 1998; Wang et al., 1995@b[bh^hklmighklb>6XIIHWDQG0DF&DUWK\;1989, Guna et al., 1998@ < k\yab k baeh`_gguf ^ey jZkq_lZ nhjfkms_kl\h\Zgby WL \ wdhkbkl_fZo b ijh]ghaZ bo hiZkghklb g_h[oh^bfhihemq_gb_ dhebq_kl\_gguo oZjZdl_jbklbd bo \aZbfh^_ckl\by k ]mfmkh\ufbdbkehlZfb1.9.1 K\yau\Zgb_hj]Zgbq_kdbowdhlhdkbdZglh\]mfmkh\ufbdbkehlZfbK\yau\Zgb_ hj]Zgbq_kdbo wdhlhdkbdZglh\ WL ]mfmkh\ufb dbkehlZfbfh`ghmijhs_gghhibkZlvke_^mxsbfmjZ\g_gb_fj_Zdpbb>Johnsen, 1987]:WL-=ND(1.24).WL=NDDhebq_kl\_gghc oZjZdl_jbklbdhc lZdh]h \aZbfh^_ckl\by y\ey_lkydhgklZglZk\yau\Zgby78.=[WL − =ND ][WL][=ND ](1.25),]^_ >WL-=ND@ – jZ\gh\_kgZy dhgp_gljZpby fhe_dmeyjgh]h Z^^mdlZ WL=ND>=ND@b>WL@–jZ\gh\_kgu_dhgp_gljZpbbk\h[h^ghjZkl\hj_gguo=NDbWLkhhl\_lkl\_ggh<\b^m klhoZklbq_kdh]h oZjZdl_jZ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl j_Zdpby 1.24) g_hljZ`Z_l bklbgghc kl_obhf_ljbb bo \aZbfh^_ckl\by k WL <_kvfZ \_jhylghqlh h^gZ fZdjhfhe_dmeZ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl kihkh[gZ k\yau\Zlv g_kdhevdhfhe_dme WL Ihwlhfm mjZ\g_gb_ 1.24 hibku\Z_l kdhj__ \aZbfh^_ckl\b_h^ghcfhe_dmeuWLkh^gbfj_Zdpbhggufp_gljhf]mfmkh\uodbkehl< k\yab k l_f qlh dhebq_kl\h j_Zdpbhgguo p_gljh\ ijboh^ys__ky gZ_^bgbpm fZkku ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl g_ba\_klgh lh h[uqgh ^ey jZkq_lZdhgklZglu k\yau\Zgby bkihevamxl g_ fheyjgmx Z fZkkh\mx dhgp_gljZpbx]mfmkh\uo dbkehl \ujZ`_ggmx \ d] hj]Zgbq_kdh]h m]e_jh^Z d] K gZ ejZkl\hjZ<wlhfkemqZ_ijhp_kk1.24fh`ghjZkkfZljb\ZlvdZdkhj[pbxWL]mfmkh\ufb dbkehlZfb LZdmx dhgklZglm h[hagZqZxl k ihfhsvxih^kljhqgh]hbg^_dkZHKKOCijbwlhf__jZaf_jghklv–ed] Kkh\iZ^Z_lkjZaf_jghklvx dhgklZglu khj[pbb >.KDQ 1978; Gauthier et al., 1986@ DZdijZ\beh \ ijbjh^guo kj_^Zo h[sZy dhgp_gljZpby ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl K=ND)gZfgh]h [hevr_ dhgp_gljZpbb WL KWL Ihwlhfm jZ\gh\_kgmxdhgp_gljZpbx ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl fh`gh ijbgylv jZ\ghc h[s_c >=ND@ ≅K=ND Lh]^Z \ujZ`_gb_ ^ey dhgklZglu k\yau\Zgby ij_h[jZam_lky dke_^mxs_fm\b^m α×.
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