Анализ, классификация и прогноз свойств гумусовых кислот (1098260), страница 14
Текст из файла (страница 14)
>ey^_dZevpbjh\Zgby gZ\_kdm ihq\u aZeb\Zeb F +2SO4 beb F +&O \kemqZ_ dZj[hgZlguo ihq\ l_ q_jgha_fh\ \ hlghr_gbb ihq\ZjZkl\hj Ihke_ hlklZb\Zgby kmki_gabb jZkl\hj keb\Zeb b hi_jZpbx ih\lhjyeb ihdZdZq_kl\_ggZy ijh[Z gZ dZevpbc g_ h[gZjm`b\ZeZ lhevdh ke_^u ihke_^g_]h \jZkl\hj_Ihke_^_dZevpbjh\Zgbyihq\mijhfu\Zeb-jZaZ^bklbeebjh\Zghc\h^hc b ijbeb\Zeb F jZkl\hj 1D2+ \ khhlghr_gbb ihq\ZjZkl\hj S_ehqghc jZkl\hj ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl keb\Zeb b hlnbevljh\u\ZebwdkljZdpbx ih\lhjyeb ^h aZf_lgh]h hk\_le_gby s_ehqgh]h wdkljZdlZ <ihemq_gguc jZkl\hj ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ihq\u ^h[Z\eyeb 1D&O ^eydhZ]mebjh\Zgby fbg_jZevguo ijbf_k_c Ihke_ hlklZb\Zgby jZkl\hjp_gljbnm]bjh\Zeb ^ey hl^_e_gby fbg_jZevguo dheehb^h\ >ey \u^_e_gbyij_iZjZlh\ =ND ihq\u ijh\h^beb h[_kkheb\Zgb_ ihemq_ggh]h kmi_jgZlZglZgZ dZlbhghh[f_ggbd_ DM- ij_^\Zjbl_evgh i_j_\_^_gghf \ G-nhjfm >eyhkZ`^_gby ]mfbgh\uo dbkehl d kmi_jgZlZglm ijb hklhjh`ghfi_j_f_rb\Zgbb ^h[Z\eyeb F +2SO4 ba jZkq_lZ - fe gZebljwdkljZdlZ^h ihy\e_gby i_j\uo ijbagZdh\ dhZ]meypbb agZq_gb_ jG mklZgZ\eb\Zehkv \ij_^_eZo - Ihke_ hlklZb\Zgby hkZ^dZ =D gZ^hkZ^hqgmx `b^dhklv90kh^_j`Zsmx ND keb\Zeb Z juoeuc hkZ^hd =D p_gljbnm]bjh\Zeb ^eyihegh]hhl^_e_gbyhlgZ^hkZ^hqghc`b^dhklbH[_kkheb\Zgb_ij_iZjZlh\=Dijh\h^bebf_lh^hfwe_dljh^bZebaZ^hhlkmlkl\byiheh`bl_evghcj_ZdpbbgZCl– b 624– \h \g_rg_f jZkl\hj_ <u^_e_gb_ ND ba ihemq_ggh]h ihke_hl^_e_gby=Ddbkeh]hjZkl\hjZijh\h^bebZgZeh]bqghNDlhjnZhibkZgghfm\ur_=mfmkh\u_dbkehluihq\_ggh]hjZkl\hjZ<u^_e_gb_^Zgghc]jmiiuij_iZjZlh\ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ijh\h^beb ih hjb]bgZevghc f_lh^bd_jZajZ[hlZgghc \ gZr_c jZ[hq_c ]jmii_ b hkgh\Zgghc gZ deZkkbq_kdbof_lh^Zo ihemq_gby ihq\_ggh]h JH< [Dh]ml 1996] b \u^_e_gby ij_iZjZlh\=ND ba ijbjh^guo \h^ >Mantoura and Riley, 1975] GZ\_kdm \ha^mrgh-kmohcihq\u ijhk_ygghc q_j_a kblh k jZaf_jhf yq__d ff aZeb\Zeb^bklbeebjh\Zgghc \h^hc \ khhlghr_gbb ihq\Z\h^Z lsZl_evgh\a[Zelu\Zeb b hklZ\eyeb gZ ghqv Ihemq_ggmx \h^gmx \uly`dmhlnbevljh\u\Zeb q_j_a [mfZ`guc nbevlj ³kbgyy e_glZ´ b f_f[jZggucnbevlj k ^bZf_ljhf ihj fdf ^ey hl^_e_gby bklbggh jZkl\hj_ggh]hhj]Zgbq_kdh]h \_s_kl\Z hl dheehb^gh]h Hlnbevljh\Zggu_ \uly`dbih^dbkeyeb^hjG-kihfhsvx F +&ObijhimkdZebq_j_akl_deyggmxdhehgdm aZiheg_ggmx kfhehc ;$'- ^ey hkZ`^_gby =ND Ijhp_^mjuwexbjh\Zgbyij_iZjZlZ=NDihq\_ggh]hjZkl\hjZkdhehgdbbihke_^mxs_]hh[_kkheb\Zgby [ueb ZgZeh]bqgu hibkZgguf ^ey \u^_e_gby ND lhjnh\ bihq\=mfmkh\u_ dbkehlu ijbjh^guo \h^ Ij_iZjZlu \h^guo =ND\u^_eyeb kh]eZkgh f_lh^bd_ >Mantoura and Riley, 1975] Ijbjh^gmx \h^mnbevljh\Zeb q_j_a keh`_ggmx \ g_kdhevdh keh_\ kl_dehldZgvij_^\Zjbl_evgh lsZl_evgh ijhfulmx f_lZghehf beb ijhimkdZeb q_j_anbevlj fdf b ih^dbkeyeb ^h jG dhgp +&O Ihke_ wlh]h jZkl\hjijhimkdZeb q_j_a dhehgdm aZiheg_ggmx fZdjhkblh\hc kfhehc AmberliteXAD-beb;$'-^hgZkus_ggh-`_elh]hhdjZrb\Zgbykfheu\hl^_evguokemqZyo bkihevah\Zeb >W:W-p_eexeham kh]eZkgh [I_jrbgZ b ^j 1989]).AZl_f dhehgdm ijhfu\Zeb ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc \h^hc ^h hljbpZl_evghcj_Zdpbb gZ bhgu KO– =ND ^_khj[bjh\Zeb k dhehgdb F 1D2+ ^hh[_kp\_qb\Zgby wexZlZ S_ehqghc dhgp_gljZl =ND ijbjh^guo \h^h[_kkheb\ZebZgZeh]bqghij_iZjZlZf=NDlhjnZbihq\<u^_e_gb_\k_oij_iZjZlh\\l\_j^hf\b^_hkms_kl\eyeb\uiZjb\Zgb_fij_iZjZlu ] beb f_lh^hf ebhnbevghc kmrdb Ebhnbevgmx kmrdmijh\h^beb gZ mklZgh\d_ BgklblmlZ nmg^Zf_glZevguo ijh[e_f [bheh]bb ]Imsbgh ex[_agh ij_^hklZ\ey_fhc gZf \ l_q_gb_ fgh]bo e_l ijhn:: Ihgbah\kdbf L\_j^u_ ij_iZjZlu =ND bkihevah\Zeb ^ey we_f_glgh]hZgZebaZ b YFJ-ki_dljhkdhibb ^ey ijh\_^_gby ]_ev-ojhfZlh]jZnbq_kdh]h91ZgZebaZ lbljh\Zgby b lhdkbdheh]bq_kdbo wdki_jbf_glh\ – h[_kkhe_ggu_jZkl\hju lhqguc lblj dhlhjuo hij_^_eyeb miZjb\Zgb_f Zebd\hlghc qZklbjZkl\hjZb\ukmrb\Zgb_fgZ^32O5^hihklhyggh]h\_kZ2.2 HibkZgb_bkihevah\Zgguo\jZ[hl_ij_iZjZlh\Rbnju \k_o \u^_e_gguo ij_iZjZlh\ ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e < hkgh\mgZa\Zgbyij_iZjZlh\[ueiheh`_gbklhqgbdboijhbkoh`^_gbylhjnm]hevihq\Z ih\_joghklgu_\h^u^hggu_hleh`_gbybnjZdpbhgguckhklZ\Ih^njZdpbyfb ihgbfZeb =D b ND Kmffm =D b ND h[hagZqZeb =ND Zg_njZdpbhgbjh\Zggh_jZkl\hj_ggh_hj]Zgbq_kdh_\_s_kl\hijbjh^guo\h^bihq\_ggh]h jZkl\hjZ – JH< <h ba[_`Zgb_ jZaghql_gbc ijb im[ebdZpbbj_amevlZlh\ \ jmkkdh- b Zg]ehyauqghc ebl_jZlmj_ ^ey khklZ\e_gby rbnjh\bkihevah\ZebeZlbgkdb_Z[[j_\bZlmjuRbnjkhklhblbadeZkkbnbdZpbhgghc qZklb dhlhjZy \dexqZ_l \ k_[y h[hagZq_gb_bklhqgbdZ ijhbkoh`^_gby b njZdpbhggh]h khklZ\Z ij_iZjZlZ bki_pbZevghcqZklbkhklhys_cbah[hagZq_gbydhgdj_lgh]hbklhqgbdZb(\[hevrbgkl\_kemqZ_\) ]h^Z\u^_e_gbyij_iZjZlZDeZkkbnbdZpbhggZyqZklvhl^_ey_lky hl ki_pbZevghc qZklb ^_nbkhf Ko_fZ h[jZah\ZgbydeZkkbnbdZpbhgghcqZklbrbnjZ• i_j\Zy [md\Z (A, B, C, P, S) h[hagZqZ_l bklhqgbd ijhbkoh`^_gby(aqua/\h^Z bottom sediments/^hggu_ hleh`_gby coal/m]hev, peat/lhjn,soil/ihq\Zkhhl\_lkl\_ggh;• ^\_ (ljb ihke_^mxsb_ [md\u (DOM, FA, HA, HF) h[hagZqZxlnjZdpbhgguckhklZ\ (dissolved organic matter/JH<fulvic acids/ND, humicacids/=D, sum of humic and fulvic acids/=ND, khhl\_lkl\_gghGZijbf_j rbnj PHF-T198 hagZqZ_l qlh wlh ij_iZjZl =ND\u^_e_gguc ba lhjnZ L \ 98 ] SHA-Pw96 – ij_iZjZl =D ihq\\u^_e_gguc ba ^_jgh\h-ih^ahebklhc ihq\u Podzol) mqZklhd ih^ e_khf(woods) \ 96 ] ADOM-SwMu4 – ij_iZjZl g_njZdpbhgbjh\Zggh]h JH<[hehlZ Swamp – [hehlh jZkiheh`_ggh]h gZ hkljh\_ Fm^vx] Mudyug),klZgpbyhl[hjZ4.< khklZ\ ijbjh^guo h[t_dlh\ ba dhlhjuo hkms_kl\eyehkv \u^_e_gb_ij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehl\hreb\_joh\u_bgbabggu_lhjnZjZaebqgh]h]_h[hlZgbq_kdh]h khklZ\Z ]jmiiu fhoh\Zy ljZ\ygZy ^j_\_kgZy ^j_\_kghljZ\ygZyihq\ujZaebqghcahgZevghklb^_jgh\h-ih^ahebklu_k_ju_e_kgu_bq_jgha_fub\b^Zbkihevah\Zgbye_kgu_iZohlgu_bh]hjh^gu_mqZkldbih\_joghklgu_\h^u[hehlZbj_dbIhfbfh\u^_e_gguo\gZr_c]jmii_\jZ[hl_ [ueh bkihevah\Zgh ij_iZjZlh\ =D m]ey ba dhlhjuo [uebij_^hklZ\e_gu ^hp IhghfZj_gdh DZa=M DZaZoklZg b dhff_jq_kdboij_iZjZlZ =D m]ey < jZ[hl_ bkihevah\Zeky lZd`_ dhff_jq_kdbc ij_iZjZl92=D lhjnZ PHA-HTO), \h^gu_ ij_iZjZlu – =D b ND [hehlguo \h^, =D]jmglh\uo \h^ b ND ihq\_ggh]h jZkl\hjZ [ueb ex[_agh ij_^hklZ\e_gu >jG.
Abbt-Braun (dZn_^jZ\h^ghcobfbbMgb\_jkbl_lDZjekjmwNJ=DjZldZy k\h^dZ ij_iZjZlh\ bkihevah\Zgguo \ jZ[hl_ ijb\_^_gZ \lZ[e bo ihegh_ i_j_qbke_gb_ b gZbf_gh\Zgb_ bklhqgbdh\ ^Zgh \lZ[e 2.2.LZ[ebpZ 2.1Bklhqgbdbijhbkoh`^_gbybdhebq_kl\hbkihevah\Zgguoij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehlBklhqgbdijhbkoh`^_gbyNjZdpbhgguckhklZ\=ND(HF)=D(HA)ND(FA)JH<(DOM)J=ND(DHF)<K?=HLhjnZ3\_joh\u_11431−19gbabggu_5341−13^jm]h_2−−−−2Ihq\u6^_jgh\h-ih^ahebklu_983−323k_ju_e_kgu_33−q_jgha_fu36−5^jm]h_111M]eb&6−Ijbjh^gu_\h^u$11>hggu_hleh`_gby%<K?=H−613−−1−−−6122−163−−−−3542618441064LZ[ebpZRbnjubhibkZgb_bkihevah\Zgguo\jZ[hl_ij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehlIj_iZjZlHibkZgb_=h^\u^_e_gby=NDlhjnZ3+)<_joh\u_lhjnZPHF-T1H94PHF-T4H94PHF-T4H98PHF-T5H94PHF-T5H98KnZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eKnZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eKnZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eKnZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eKnZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[e1994199419981994199893Ij_iZjZlPHF-T6H94PHF-T6H98PHF-T7L94PHF-T7L98PHF-THH94PHF-THMu4HibkZgb_=h^\u^_e_gbyImrbpb_\h-knZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eImrbpb_\h-knZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eImrbpb_\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eImrbpb_\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eKhkgh\h-imrbpb_\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eKnZ]gh\uclhjnhFm^vx]:joZg]_evkdZyh[e199419981994199819941994Gbabggu_lhjnZPHF-T3L98PHF-T10L94PHF-T10L98PHF-TTL94PHF-TTL98Hkhdh\uclhjnL\_kdZyh[eHkhdh\h-]bigh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eHkhdh\h-]bigh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eLjhklgbdh\h-hkhdh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eLjhklgbdh\h-hkhdh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[e19981994199819941998=DlhjnZ3+$<_joh\u_lhjnZPHA-T4H98PHA-T5H98PHA-T6H98PHA-T7H98KnZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eKnZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eImrbpb_\h-knZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eImrbpb_\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[e1998199819981998Gbabggu_lhjnZPHA-T3L98PHA-T10L98PHA-TTL98Hkhdh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eHkhdh\h-]bigh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eLjhklgbdh\h-hkhdh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[e199819981998>jm]h_PHA-THTOPHA-TH8=DlhjnZdhff_jq_kdbcij_iZjZlGIH;bheZj=DlhjnZ8)=NJ=NDlhjnZSHDW)$ !3)$<_joh\u_lhjnZPFA-T4H98PFA-T5H98PFA-T6H98PFA-T7H98KnZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eKnZ]gh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[e³–“Imrbpb_\h-knZ]gh\uclhjnZL\_jkdZyh[e)Imrbpb_\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[e1998199819981998Gbabggu_lhjnZPFA-T3L98PFA-T10L94PFA-TTL98Hkhdh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eHkhdh\h-]bigh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[eLjhklgbdh\h-hkhdh\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[e19981998199894Ij_iZjZlHibkZgb_=h^\u^_e_gbyJH<lhjnZSHDWGLVVROYHGRUJDQLFPDWWHU !3'20PDOM-THH<_jokhkgh\h-imrbpb_\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[e1994PDOM-TTLGbaljhklgbdh\h-hkhdh\h\uclhjnL\_jkdZyh[e1994=NDihq\VRLO+) !6+)SHF-Co94SHF-Cm98SHF-PMu9SHF-TMu12Q_jgha_fh[udgh\_ggucKlZ\jhihevkdbcdjQ_jgha_fem]h\ucKlZ\jhihevkdbcdjEm]h\h-]e__\Zyihq\ZhFm^vx]:joZg]_evkdZyh[eLhjnygZyihq\ZhFm^vx]:joZg]_evkdZyh[e19941998=Dihq\VRLO+$ !6+$>_jgh\h-ih^ahebklu_ihq\uSHA-Pw94SHA-Pw96SHA-Pw98SHA-PwNSHA-Pp94SHA-Pp96SHA-Pg94SHA-Pg96SHA-Pg98P_ebggZyFhkdh\kdbch[eP_ebggZyFhkdh\kdbch[eP_ebggZyFhkdh\kdbch[eP_ebggZyGh\]hjh^kdZyh[eHdmevlmj_ggZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eHdmevlmj_ggZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eDmevlmjgZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eDmevlmjgZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eDmevlmjgZyFhkdh\kdZyh[e19941996199819941996199419961998K_ju_e_kgu_ihq\uSHA-Gw94SHA-Gp94P_ebggZyLmevkdZyh[eHdmevlmj_ggZyLmevkdZyh[e19941994Q_jgha_fem]h\uc<hjhg_`kdZyh[eQ_jgha_fem]h\uc<hjhg_`kdZyh[eQ_jgha_flbibqguc<hjhg_`kdZyh[e199419981994Q_jgha_fuSHA-Cm94SHA-Cm98SHA-CtV94NDihq\VRLO)$ !6)$>_jgh\h-ih^ahebklu_ihq\uSFA-Pw94SFA-Pw96SFA-Pw98SFA-Pp94SFA-Pp96SFA-Pg94SFA-Pg96SFA-Pg98P_ebggZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eP_ebggZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eP_ebggZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eDmevlmjgZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eDmevlmjgZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eHdmevlmj_ggZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eHdmevlmj_ggZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eHdmevlmj_ggZyFhkdh\kdZyh[e1994199619981994199619941996199895Ij_iZjZlHibkZgb_=h^\u^_e_gbyK_ju_e_kgu_ihq\uSFA-Gw94SFA-Gp94P_ebggZyLmevkdZyh[eDmevlmjgZyLmevkdZyh[e19941994Q_jgha_fuSFA-Cm94SFA-CtV94Q_jgha_fem]h\uc<hjhg_`kdZyh[eQ_jgha_flbibqguc<hjhg_`kdZyh[e19941994=NDihq\_ggh]hjZkl\hjZVRLOGLVVROYHG+) !6'+)>_jgh\h-ih^ahebklu_ihq\uSDHF-Pw96SDHF-Pp96SDHF-Pg96P_ebggZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eDmevlmjgZyFhkdh\kdZyh[eHdmevlmj_ggZyFhkdh\kdZyh[e199619961996=Dm]e_cFRDO+$ !&+$CHA-K1CHA-K2CHA-K3CHA-AGKCHA-ALDCHA-RODZjZ]Zg^bgkdZyh[e>`_adZa]ZgkdZyh[eIZ\eh^ZjkdZyh[eDhff_jq_kdbcij_iZjZl:HKi_p[bhl_oJhkkbyDhff_jq_kdbcij_iZjZl$OGULFKNJ=Dhff_jq_kdbcij_iZjZlNJ=8FZ=NDijbjh^guo\h^DTXDWLF+) !$+)AHF- RMX8AHF- RMX2AHF-RMXAHF-RMCAHF- RIAHF- RND3AHF-RND11AHF-RND14AHF-MMu7AHF-MMu8AHF-SSh1jFhkd\Z;$'-Fhkdh\kdZyh[ejFhkd\Z;$'-Fhkdh\kdZyh[ejFhkd\Z;$'-Fhkdh\kdZyh[ejFhkd\Z'($(-p_eexehaZFhkdh\kdZyh[ejBkljZ;$'-Fhkdh\kdZyh[ejK_\>\bgZ;$'-:joZg]_evkdZyh[ejK_\>\bgZ;$'-:joZg]_evkdZyh[ejK_\>\bgZ;$'-:joZg]_evkdZyh[e;_eh_fhj_;$'-2) hFm^vx]:joZg]_evkdZyh[e;_eh_fhj_;$'-hFm^vx]:joZg]_evkdZyh[e;hehlgu_\h^u;$'-Fhkdh\kdZyh[e=Dijbjh^guo\h^DTXDWLF+$ !$+$AHA-SHo13;hehlgu_\h^u;$'-ha+RKORVHHNJ=(%,NDijbjh^guo\h^ (aquatic FA => AFA)AFA-SHo10AFA-GFg1;hehlgu_\h^u;$'-ha+RKORVHHNJ=(%,=jmglh\u_\h^u;$'-)XKUEHUJNJ=(%,1995199519971996199719951995199519951995199496Ij_iZjZlHibkZgb_=h^\u^_e_gbyJH<ijbjh^guo\h^ (aquatic DOM => ADOM)ADOM-SMu4ADOM-SMu8;hehlgu_\h^uhFm^vx]:joZg]_evkdZyh[e;hehlgu_\h^uhFm^vx]:joZg]_evkdZyh[e19951995=ND^hgguohleh`_gbcERWWRPVHGLPHQWV+) !%+)BHF-SMu2BHF-RND13BHF-RLuhHa_jhgZhFm^vx]:joZg]_evkdZyh[eWklmZjbcK_\>\bgZ:joZg]_evkdZyh[ejEmo<eZ^bfbjkdZyh[e199519951995973.
=eZ\ZHIJ?>?E?GB?WE?F?GLGH=HKHKL:<:=MFMKH<UODBKEHL3.1 Hij_^_e_gb_we_f_glgh]hkhklZ\Zij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehl\jZkq_l_gZ[_aahevgmx[_a\h^gmxijh[mIjbgbfZy \h \gbfZgb_ baeh`_ggu_ \ h[ahj_ ebl_jZlmju f_lh^bq_kdb_ijh[e_fu we_f_glgh]h ZgZebaZ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl k\yaZggu_ k hlkmlkl\b_fZ^_d\Zlguo h[jZaph\ kjZ\g_gby b gZebqb_f g_hj]Zgbq_kdhc qZklb \ khklZ\_\u^_ey_fuo ij_iZjZlh\ \ gZr_c jZ[hl_ [ueh ijh\_^_gh ki_pbZevgh_f_`eZ[hjZlhjgh_ bkke_^h\Zgb_ ^ey hp_gdb \hkijhba\h^bfhklb ^Zgguoijyfh]h hij_^_e_gby we_f_glh\ KGN >ey wlhc p_eb ljbgZ^pZlv\u^_e_gguo ij_iZjZlh\ k jZaebqguf kh^_j`Zgb_f ahevguo we_f_glh\ [uebijhZgZebabjh\Zgu\lj_og_aZ\bkbfuoeZ[hjZlhjbyo–dZn_^juhj]Zgbq_kdhcobfbb Obfbq_kdh]h nZdmevl_lZ F=M ZgZeblbq_kdh]h hl^_eZ BgklblmlZ\ukhdhfhe_dmeyjguo kh_^bg_gbc J:G B<K b dZn_^ju \h^ghc obfbbL_ogbq_kdh]hmgb\_jkbl_lZDZjekjmwLMDNJ=*.>ey i_j_kq_lZ ihemqZ_fuo ^Zgguo gZ [_aahevgmx [_a\h^gmx ijh[m[ueh ijh\_^_gh hij_^_e_gb_ jZ\gh\_kghc \eZ`ghklb ij_iZjZlh\ bkh^_j`Zgby \ gbo fbg_jZevguo dhfihg_glh\ ahevghklb IjZ\bevghklvj_amevlZlh\ hij_^_e_gby ahevghklb dhgljhebjh\Zeb khihklZ\eyywdki_jbf_glZevghhij_^_e_ggmxh[smxahevghklvkjZkkqblZgghcba^ZgguoBKI-:WKihdhfihg_glghfmkhklZ\mfbg_jZevghcqZklb]mfmkh\uodbkehlIhemq_ggu_ j_amevlZlu [ueb bkihevah\Zgu ^ey jZajZ[hldb ko_fuh[jZ[hldb ^Zgguo we_f_glgh]h ZgZebaZ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl iha\heyxs_chij_^_eylv we_f_glguc khklZ\ \ jZkq_l_ gZ [_aahevgmx [_a\h^gmx ijh[m]mfmkh\uo dbkehl G_kfhljy gZ dZ`msmxky ljb\bZevghklv ^Zgghc aZ^Zqbih^h[gZy wdki_jbf_glZevgh h[hkgh\ZggZy ko_fZ ij_^eh`_gZ gZfb \i_j\u_Ijb__jZajZ[hld_ijbgbfZeb\h\gbfZgb_^\_gZb[he__mihlj_[bfu_ko_fuZgZebaZ]mfmkh\uodbkehlH^gZbagbo\dexqZ_lhij_^_e_gb_dbkehjh^ZihjZaghklbfZkku[_aahevghc[_a\h^ghcijh[ubkmffuKG16Z^jm]Zy–_]hijyfh_ hij_^_e_gb_ H[Z \ZjbZglZ ij_^eh`_gghc ko_fu h[jZ[hldb ^Zgguo[ueb \ ^Zevg_cr_f bkihevah\Zgu ^ey jZkq_lZ we_f_glgh]h khklZ\Zbkihevah\Zgguo \ jZ[hl_ ij_iZjZlh\ IjZ\bevghklv \k_o ijyfuo <k_ ZgZebau \ L_ogbq_kdhf mgb\_jkbl_l_ DZjekjmw [ueb \uiheg_gu*Z\lhjhf^ZgghcjZ[hlu98hij_^_e_gbc hp_gb\Zeb ih [ebahklb ihemqZ_fhc ^ey dZ`^h]h ij_iZjZlZkmffuKGN, SHaheZ]b]jhkdhibq_kdZy\h^Zd %.3.1.1 Hij_^_e_gb_KGN, SbHHij_^_e_gb_ KGN \h \k_o bkihevah\Zgguo \ jZ[hl_ ij_iZjZlZo]mfmkh\uodbkehlijh\h^bebf_lh^hfZ\lhfZlbq_kdh]hihemfbdjhZgZebaZij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehl[uehijhZgZebabjh\ZghgZlj_oZgZebaZlhjZo–Carlo Erba-Strumentazione F=M 9DULR (/ B<K Heraeus-Rapid-H LMD <dZq_kl\_ h[jZapZ kjZ\g_gby \h \k_o eZ[hjZlhjbyo bkihevah\Zeb Zp_lZgbeb^K\h^gu_ ^Zggu_ ih \gmljb b f_`eZ[hjZlhjghc \hkijhba\h^bfhklbijb\_^_gu\lZ[e 3.1.LZ[ebpZ 3.1OZjZdl_jbklbdb\gmljbeZ[hjZlhjghcsr bf_`eZ[hjZlhjghc(srf_`eZ[\hkijhba\h^bfhklb^Zgguoihijyfhfmhij_^_e_gbxwe_f_glh\\khklZ\_ij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehleZ[sreZ[hlgWe_f_glKHNOSsrf_`eZ[,.F=MLMDB<Khlg1.93.84.62.09.30.91.64.6––1.72.55.5––2.47.119.7––Hij_^_e_gb_ S ijh\h^beb ih f_lh^m R_gb]_jZ k`b]Zgb_f \ dhe[_ kdbkehjh^hfgZij_iZjZlZoF=MIjyfh_hij_^_e_gb_H ijh\h^beb\LMDgZZgZebaZlhj_Heraeus-Rapid.Bkihevah\Zeb^\Zh[jZapZkjZ\g_gby–Zp_lZgbeb^bkmevnZgbeh\mxdbkehlmDZd \b^gh ba ^Zgguo ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[e gZbemqrZy\hkijhba\h^bfhklv gZ[ex^ZeZkv ^ey ^Zgguo ih m]e_jh^m agZq_gby srkhklZ\eyeb hl ^h hlg >ey \h^hjh^Z wlhl ihdZaZl_ev kms_kl\_ggh\ur_ ^hklb]Zy - GZbom^r_c \hkijhba\h^bfhklvx oZjZdl_jbamxlky^Zggu_ ih kh^_j`Zgbx ZahlZ b k_ju Ihemq_ggu_ j_amevlZlu \ p_ehfkh]eZkmxlky k l_g^_gpbyfb hibkZggufb \ ebl_jZlmj_ [Huffman and Stuber,1985; Rice and MacCarthy, 1990].KhihklZ\bfhklv ^Zgguo ih KG1 oZjZdl_jbah\Zeb ihiZjgh ih Wdjbl_jbx.
![](https://s.studizba.com/z.php?f=/templates/si/i/noavatar.png&w=100&h=100&t=1"){kind=avatar}
