Анализ, классификация и прогноз свойств гумусовых кислот (1098260), страница 3
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Chaney and Swift, 1984] gZdhie_gb_iblZl_evguo we_f_glh\ b fbdjhwe_f_glh\ \ ^hklmighc ^ey jZkl_gbc nhjf_[Tate, 1980] j_]mebjh\Zgb_ ]_hobfbq_kdbo ihlhdh\ f_lZeeh\ \ \h^guo bihq\_gguo wdhkbkl_fZo [<ZjrZe 1973, <ZjrZe 1979 Ebggbd bGZ[b\Zg_p Hjeh\ 1993]Ddhgpm^\Z^pZlh]h\_dZh^ghcbahkgh\guoijh[e_f dhlhjh]h y\ey_lky obfbq_kdh_ aZ]jyag_gb_ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u^h[Z\beZkv _s_ b ijhl_dlhjgZy nmgdpby Ih^ ijhl_dlhjguf ^_ckl\b_f]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ih^jZamf_\Zxl bo kihkh[ghklv k\yau\Zlv \ ijhqgu_dhfie_dku dZd bhgu f_lZeeh\ lZd b hj]Zgbq_kdb_ wdhlhdkbdZglu \aZ]jyag_gguo \h^guo b ihq\_gguo kj_^Zo [Hjeh\ 1993] Wdheh]bq_kdb_ihke_^kl\by lZdh]h k\yau\Zgby – baf_g_gb_ nhjf kms_kl\h\ZgbywdhlhdkbdZglh\ b bo fb]jZpbhgghc kihkh[ghklb [<ZjrZe b ^j ],mf_gvr_gb_[bh^hklmighklb[Landrum et al, 1987; Black and McCarthy, 1988] blhdkbqghklb [Bollag and Mayers, 1992] Ihke_^g__ h[klhyl_evkl\h \_kvfZ\Z`gh b k\yaZgh k l_f qlh fZdkbfZevghc Zdlb\ghklvx h[eZ^Z_l k\h[h^gZynhjfZ lhdkbdZglZ K\yaZggh_ \_s_kl\h k\hx lhdkbqghklv l_jy_l GZ wlhfhkgh\Zgbb ]mfmkh\u_ dbkehlu fh`gh jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd ijbjh^gu_^_lhdkbdZgluLZdbf h[jZahf kha^Zgb_ fh^_e_c [bh]_hobfbq_kdbo pbdeh\aZ]jyagyxsbo \_s_kl\ ijh]ghklbq_kdb_ hp_gdb bo hiZkghklb kdhjhklbgZdhie_gbyb\j_f_gb`bagb\hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^_g_\hafh`gu[_amq_lZbo\aZbfh^_ckl\byk]mfmkh\ufbdbkehlZfbdhlhjh_dhj_ggufh[jZahff_gy_ldZd obfbq_kdh_ lZd b lhdkbdheh]bq_kdh_ ih\_^_gb_ wdhlhdkbdZglh\ Wlhh[mkeh\beh gZklhyl_evgmx ihlj_[ghklv \ ihemq_gbb dhebq_kl\_gguo14oZjZdl_jbklbd \aZbfh^_ckl\by ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl k jZaebqgufbwdhlhdkbdZglZfbObfbdb \hhjm`_ggu_ gh\_crbfb bgkljmf_glZevgufb f_lh^Zfbbkke_^h\ZgbykwglmabZafhf\hkijbgyebgh\uckhpbZevgucaZdZaLhevdhaZ ]h^ \ &KHPLFDO $EVWUDFWV hlj_p_gabjh\Zgh [he__klZl_c\dhlhjuolZd beb bgZq_ jZkkfZljb\Zxlky ijh[e_fu bamq_gby kljh_gby b k\hckl\]mfmkh\uodbkehl<j_amevlZl_gZk_]h^gyrgbc^_gvgZdhie_gdhehkkZevgucwdki_jbf_glZevguc fZl_jbZe H^gZdh _]h l_hj_lbq_kdhfm h[h[s_gbxij_iylkl\m_l lh qlh [hevrbgkl\h ^Zgguo ihemq_gh iml_f ³iZjZee_evgh]hi_j_ghkZ´ f_lh^bd jZajZ[hlZgguo ^ey bg^b\b^mZevguo kh_^bg_gbc WlhkijZ\_^eb\h b ^ey kihkh[h\ bgl_jij_lZpbb ^Zgguo Djhf_ lh]hg_ij_^klZ\bl_evgu bkihevam_fu_ \u[hjdb ij_iZjZlh\ bo jZaf_j g_ij_\urZ_l - ij_iZjZlh\ qlh g_ hl\_qZ_l klhoZklbq_kdhfm oZjZdl_jmh[t_dlZMdZaZggu_ fhf_glu k\yaZgu k hlkmlkl\b_f jZ[hl ih f_lh^heh]bbZgZeblbq_kdh]hbkke_^h\Zgbybqbke_ggh]hhibkZgbykljh_gbyhj]Zgbq_kdboh[t_dlh\klhoZklbq_kdh]hoZjZdl_jZLZdg_kfhljygZg_[u\Zeucijh]j_kk\h[eZklbihemq_gbygh\uo^Zgguoh]mfmkh\uodbkehlZoaZihke_^gb_^_kylve_l \ur_e _^bgkl\_gguc ljm^ – fhgh]jZnby ijhn_kkhjZ Fhkdh\kdh]hmgb\_jkbl_lZ >K Hjeh\Z ³=mfmkh\u_ dbkehlu ihq\ b h[sZy l_hjby]mfbnbdZpbb´ [Hjeh\ @ \ dhlhjhf bgl_gkb\gh ijhjZ[Zlu\Zxlkyf_lh^heh]bq_kdb_ ijh[e_fu bkke_^h\Zgby b b^_glbnbdZpbb ]mfmkh\uodbkehl^_eZxlky]em[hdb_nbehkhnkdb_h[h[s_gbyh[bo[bhkn_jghcjhebbkbf[bha_ k `b\uf \_s_kl\hf \\h^blky ihgylb_ h ]mfmkh\uo dbkehlZo dZdkZfhj_]mebjmxsboky kbkl_fZo Ijb wlhf \ kbem ki_pbnbdb gZmqguobgl_j_kh\ Z\lhjZ hkgh\ghc mihj \ fhgh]jZnbb ^_eZ_lky gZ \uy\e_gb_nZdlhjh\ ^_l_jfbgbjmxsbo ]_g_abk ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl gZ ihgbfZgb_ boobfbq_kdhc ijbjh^u b [bhkn_jguo nmgdpbc < lh `_ \j_fy [_a hl\_lZhklZehkv [hevrbgkl\h ijh[e_f k\yaZgguo kh kljZl_]b_c ZgZeblbq_kdh]hbkke_^h\Zgby ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl b kihkh[Zfb qbke_ggh]h hibkZgby bokljh_gby< k\yab k baeh`_gguf \ ij_^eZ]Z_fhf djZldhf h[ahj_ ebl_jZlmjuhkh[h_ \gbfZgb_ m^_eyehkv jZkkfhlj_gbx ZgZeblbq_kdbo f_lh^h\ bih^oh^h\dhlhju_gZb[he__qZklhbkihevamxlky^eybkke_^h\Zgbykljh_gbybk\hckl\ ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl Z lZd`_ kihkh[Zf k\_jldb ihemqZ_fhcbgnhjfZpbb ^ey __ ^Zevg_cr_]h bkihevah\Zgby ^ey deZkkbnbdZpbb bijh]ghaZk\hckl\]mfmkh\uodbkehl151.1 We_f_glguckhklZ\]mfmkh\uodbkehl1.1.1 We_f_glguckhklZ\]mfmkh\uodbkehljZaebqgh]hijhbkoh`^_gbyH[uqgh ih^ we_f_glguf khklZ\hf ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl ihgbfZxl khklZ\bo hj]Zgbq_kdhc qZklb h[jZah\Zgghc kjZ\gbfufb dhebq_kl\Zfb Zlhfh\m]e_jh^Z \h^hjh^Z b dbkehjh^Z H[yaZl_evguf fbghjguf we_f_glhfy\ey_lkyZahlihqlb\h\k_oij_iZjZlZohij_^_ey_lkybk_jZH^gZdhihfbfhhj]Zgbq_kdhcqZklb\khklZ\\k_o\u^_e_gguoij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uodbkehl\oh^bl b g_hj]Zgbq_kdZy qZklv HgZ khklhbl ba ahevguo we_f_glh\(ij_bfms_kl\_ggh bhgh\ f_lZeeh\ hdkb^h\ dj_fgby b Zexfbgby) b]b]jhkdhibq_kdhc \eZ]b kh^_j`Zgb_ dhlhjhc ^hklb]Z_l Ihwlhfm \h[s_f \b^_ [jmllh-nhjfmem ]mfmkh\uo dbkehl fh`gh aZibkZlv ke_^mxsbfh[jZahfCxHyNzOpSqMr (Al2O3)l (SiO2)m (H2O)n,]^_F–bhguf_lZeeh\x, y, z, p, q, l, m, n – kl_obhf_ljbq_kdb_dhwnnbpb_gluKj_^gbc we_f_glguc khklZ\ hj]Zgbq_kdhc qZklb ]mfmkh\uo dbkehljZaebqgh]h ijhbkoh`^_gby ijb\_^_g \ lZ[e 1.1 aZbfkl\h\Zgghc ba jZ[hlu[Rice and MacCarthy, 1991] :\lhju wlhc im[ebdZpbb ih^\_j]ebklZlbklbq_kdhc h[jZ[hld_ ^Zggu_ ih we_f_glghfm khklZ\m ij_iZjZlh\]mfmkh\uo dbkehl him[ebdh\Zggu_ \ [he__ q_f ebl_jZlmjguobklhqgbdZo Ihwlhfm ijb\h^bfZy bfb k\h^dZ y\ey_lky gZb[he__ij_^klZ\bl_evghc KjZ\gbfu k g_c fh]ml [ulv lhevdh ^Zggu_ kh[jZggu_>K Hjeh\uf [Hjeh\, 1991] gh d kh`Ze_gbx hgb hlghkylky lhevdh d]mfmkh\ufdbkehlZfihq\DZd \b^gh ba lZ[e kh^_j`Zgb_ m]e_jh^Z \ =D jZaebqgh]hijhbkoh`^_gby\Zjvbjm_lhl^h dbkehjh^Z–hl^h %.