03 Причастия и причастные обороты (1089464), страница 5

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4. Counting the net charges on each atom of the two
compounds, reckoning an electron which is shared between
two atoms as contributing half of its charge to each, the
following scheme is obtained.

16. Причастие в составном глагольном сказуемом (оборот "именительный падеж с причастием")

Причастие в составном глагольном сказуемом стоит после глаголов в страдательном залоге типа assume, consider, regard — считать; find — находить, оказывать­ся; observe — наблюдать; show — показывать и др. Пе­ревод начинается с глагола в страдательном залоге, ко­торый передается неопределенно-личным или безлич­ным предложением считают, оказывается и др., после чего ставится союз как или что. Оставшаяся часть предложения переводится дополнительным придаточ­ным предложением, сказуемое которого соответствует английскому причастию:

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Protons were observed leaving various elements. Наблюдали, как протоны вылетают из различных элементов.

Причастие может вводиться союзом as. В этом случае, кроме указанного выше перевода, возможен и дословный перевод:

Substances are defined as having a definite invariant composition.

Вещества определяются как имеющие определенный неизменный состав.

Определено, что вещества имеют определенный не­изменный состав.

Упражнение

Переведите следующие предложения, учитывая оборот "имени­тельный падеж с причастием":

1. All matter should be regarded as built up of atoms.

2. To the writer's knowledge similar rocks have not been
   reported as existing elsewhere.

3. Mendeleeff should be regarded as having discovered
   the law of periodicity of the chemical elements.

4. The predominance of viscosity is outwardly shown by
   Reynold's number being very small for steady flow.

5. The problem appeared solved when parallel discoveries
   were made.

- 6. There is a broad area of non-thermal radiation, and this is inferred as coming from the halo of the Galaxy.

17. Конструкции с причастием типа "have + существительное + причастие II"

Предложения типа The device has the lens shifted пе­реводятся на русский язык У прибора линза смещена.

Упражнение Переведите следующие предложения:

1. The majority of atoms have all their electrons shared.

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2. All electrons may have their k-values changed
systematically by the applied field.

3. We see that in the business of filling an empty space,
or of diffusing into a space already occupied by another gas,
we have only one idea involved — that of particles in motion.

18. Повторение причастий и причастных оборотов

Упражнеиия I

Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на форму и синтаксическую функцию причастий и причастных оборотов:

1. When freshly prepared this substance is colourless.

1. Having obtained the necessary compound we can now
   proceed with our experiment.

1. The acceleration of a body is proportional to the force

causing it.

1. When studying a compound we have to know the
   chemical formulae and the valencies of the elements involved.

2. Having mixed these two substances we then put the
   mixture into a clean test-tube.

6. Rutherford's research work followed by many
experiments of other scientists made a great contribution

into physics.

1. The phenomenon as described by Dr. Adams is rather
   like that observed at the Lick Observatory.

2. The particles attracted to the anode are anions. Those
   attracted to the cathode are cations.

3. Ths relative density of a gas is equal to the molecular
   weight of the other gas (usually hydrogen) being used as the

standard.

1. The pressure just calculated is the surface pressure.

2. The resistance drops when exposed to light.

3. Unless otherwise stated we shall consider only solutions

in liquids.

13. The positron or positive electron was discovered in
1932 by C. D. Anderson while working with cosmic rays.

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1. While isolating and separating radium, Mine Curie
   found other radioactive elements.

2. A base is coated with a layer of iodine followed by
   a layer of copper.

3. Every body continues in its state of rest, or motion
   in a straight line with constant velocity, unless acted upon
   by some external force.

4. Except where specially mentioned all the data are
   based on the FКз.

5. The articles referred to above deal with alkali metals.

19. The application of these corrections, followed by
rounding off, gives the final value in Table II.

20. Once formed, a crack spreads due to stress
concentration at its ends.

II

Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на при­частные обороты:

1. The work of L. de Broglie soon followed by the
   "wave-mechanics" of Schrödinger was of great importance.

2. The angle of incidence of the electron beam on the
   crystal being fixed, the accelerating potential was varied
   gradually.

3. As stated before, the greater the binding energy, the
   more stable the nucleus.

4. Only the uranium series is shown, it being typical of
   the rest.

5. Any body persists in its slate of rest or uniform
   motion in a straight line, unless acted on by some force.

6. Carbon disulphide (CS2) burns readily, its vapour
   burning explosively when mixed with air.

7. With further heating the waves are still shorter and
   colour advances along the spectrum, with yellow, then blue
   waves, being emitted.

8. As expected, using the cross section defined by equation
   6, one obtains results differing radically from those already
   considered.

9. There being a close packing of molecules in a liquid,

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the molecular encounters occur much more frequently than in a gas under the same conditions.

30. It is a common observation that bodies expand when

heated.

31. It is a matter of common observation thet light is
refracted when passing from one medium into another.

1. The basic principle is shown in Figure 6, which-
   represents a filament inside a metal cylinder, the combination
   enclosed in a glass bulb.

2. In the radioactive bodies alpha-, beta- and gamma-rays
   are emitted spontaneously, and at a rate uninfluenced by any
   chemical agency.

III

Повторите справочный материал раздела "Причастие и прича­стные обороты". Определите характер причастной конструкции, пе­реведите предложения:

1. According to atomic theory, well fortified as it is by
   the analysis of spectra, every kind of atom but one and every
   kind of molecule without exception is equipped with more
   than one electron.

2. Situated about half-way along the interior of th flame
   tube is an annular lip.

3. The part played by the electron is that of the elementary
   corpuscle of negative electricity.

37. Diffusion of gases or liquids through porous
membranes results in separation, the lighter isotopes diffusing

more rapidly.

1. The first step towards intimate understanding of a
   chemical reaction is to determine the formulae of the
   compounds involved.

2. The remaining light, coming as it does from the edge
   of the sun, is much altered in quality, so that both sky and
   landscape take on a strange colour.

3. From the northern station Venus is seen projected
   upon the Sun's surface.

1. There exist, of course, various kinds of light, each
   corresponding to some definite "colour".

2. Chadwick announced the discovery of the neutron, a

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particle having a mass nearly the same as that of a proton but carrying no charge.

1. Involved in the star fields of the individual galaxies,
   especially those of spiral and irregular form, are both bright
   and dark nebulae, and groups of stars in all degrees of
   organization.

2. Let о be the diameter of a molecule, and imagine a
   sphere of radius a drawn round each molecule and concentric
   with it.

3. Passing from one chemical element to the next, one
   would find the nuclear charge increasing by one, the number
   of electrons revolving also growing by one.

4. Associated with the existence of positive and negative
   ions is a strong absorption coefficient in the infrared.

5. Going around the Earth once every 29 days is our
   Moon, at a distance of 24 000 miles.

6. Coming as it did so early in the history of kinetic
   theory, Meyer and Ferri's experimental result published in
   1835, was of great importance in helping to establish the
   validity of the new interpretation.

1. Concealed in the foregoing figures are some very
   important facts, which I shall point out.

2. These compounds may be prepared by similar
   methods, namely, by the action of the corresponding acids
   upon the hydroxides or carbonates, by the action of the
   elements on solutions of hydroxide followed by evaporation
   to dryness and subsequent ignition to decompose the oxysalts.

3. Radioactivity was discovered by Henri Becquerel in
   February 1896, following the published announcement just
   a month earlier of the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen.

4. There existing no satisfactory way of separating the
   isotopes of copper, it is easy to see why the relative atomic
   weight for the mixture still is of such great practical
   importance.

5. Taken together, these effects, occurring as they do in
   rapid succession, provide a simple interpretation of the
   production of showers.

6. The theory of this action is too extensive a subject
   to be developed in the present work, belonging as it does
   to the domain of theoretical astronomy.

7. Now we find the effort heretofore spent in constructing

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enormous circles given to perfecting the graduation, and, while using the instrument, to protecting the circle from sudden changes of temperatures.

56. Drifting consists of brief accelerated passages in which the influence of external field is felt followed by collisions in which the atomic field exerts a far greater influence and sends electron or ion of a totally different path.

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