ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК В ТЕХНИЧЕСКОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ (956018), страница 32

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Упражнение 14. Переведите предложения с союзом unless и запомните особенности его перевода.

1. Isaac Newton stated that a body would continue moving un­less some force was applied to stop it. 2. Space flights would be im­possible unless special materials for space vehicles were produced. 3. We should have no radio, telephone, television or computers un­less there were electricity. 4. The earth temperature would increase indefinitely unless heat were radiated. 5. Unless the temperature rises, the speed of the molecules will not increase. 6. It would have

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been impossible to send satellites into orbit unless Newton's laws of motion had been studied. 7. With heat generated by friction of the air on aircraft surface, the temperature inside the cabin would in­crease to almost 1,000 °C unless it were cooled by mechanical means.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ

Упражнение 15. Образуйте от следующих слов:

а) глаголы

usage, subdivision, indication, complication, difference, large, systematisation, appearance, changeable, measurable;

б) существительные

noiseless, powerful, deep, dangerous, perform, realise, lighten.

Упражнение 16. Образуйте производные от следующих слов:

manipulate, compress, move.

Упражнение 17. Найдите русскому слову соответствующее английское.

исследовать — exploration, explorer, to explore; точно — exactness, exactly, exact, exaction; погруженный — submergence, submerge, submerged, sub­mersion;

направлять — navigate, navigable, navigation; стойкий — resistance, to resist, resistant, resistor; ширина — wide, width, widely, widen.

Упражнение 18. Найдите:

а) синонимы

to finish, to submerge, to work, craft, to build, to descend, ve­hicle, to operate, rapid, fast, to construct, to complete;

б) антонимы

to lift, difficult, to complete, after, to descend, before, easy, to start.

Упражнение 19. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные слова; переведите предложения.

1. In a new apparatus rotors mounted on the fuselage provide lift acting as wings when the craft is moving at high velocity. 2. The aerostatic apparatuses of the latest design can vary its lift force. 3. The man can't lift this weight, it can be lifted only automati­cally. 4. When weight is lifted to a given level, it possesses potential

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energy due to its position. 5. Russia possesses the world's heaviest helicopters MI-26 which lift and transport cargoes up to 20 tons.

Упражнение 20. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значе­ния слов before и after в функции предлога и союза.

1. There was no means of direct communication before the telephone was invented. 2. After World War 1 dirigibles gradually lost their significance as a means of transportation. 3. Before New­ton no one could explain why the planets moved around the sun. 4. After a French engineer invented the first self-propelled road vehicle in 1770, many car designers wanted to make a better auto­mobile. 5. Before each flight pilots must ask for the information about the weather expected during the planned route. 6. The «night vision» system enables drivers to see better after dark. 7. Before the industrial production of materials in space can be started, it is necessary to create special space stations. 8. Soon after Karl Marx's arrival in England he became a daily visitor of the Reading Room of the British Museum.

Упражнение 21. Выберите соответствующий глагол из приведенных в скобках.

1. A young physicist can (get, get up) a prize for his work.

1. Designers tested a new engine to (find, find out) whether the ce­ramics it was made of could withstand temperatures up to 1,000 °C.

2. It is difficult to (get, get up) early in winter. 4. Many specialists are working at the problem of developing a new kind of telephone which we (call, call for) «video phone». 5. The projects in Siberia (call, call for) the most effective means of transporting various car­goes over long distances. 6. Specialists wanted to (find, find out) whether telephone communication was reliable or not. 7. Further development (call, call for) new specialists who are able to generate new technical ideas. 8. New generation materials which we (call, call for) composite materials will allow to lighten the aircraft. 9. To translate this text, we must (find, find out) some words in a dictionary.

Упражнение 22. Укажите предложения, где выделенное слово имеет сле­дующее значение:

— действуя

1. They should know in what direction this force is acting. 2. Acting upon the body the force changes. 3. They should find the force, acting upon the body.

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— имеет дело, рассматривает

1. Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the transformation of heat into work. 2. The experience of France deal­ing with environmental problems is very important. 3. Now Russia is dealing very seriously with the problem of Baikal protection.

— используя

1. Using thermomagnetic alloys in the turbine rotor allows to develop a lot of various sensors. 2. By using thermomagnetic alloys it is possible to develop a lot of various sensors. 3. Many American companies began using submersibles for tourism.

— совершенствование

1. Construction specialists are working at improving the design of metro escalators. 2. While improving the design of metro escala­tors specialists developed a two speed escalator. 3. Our design bu­reau has developed spiral escalators improving the construction of public buildings.

— превышающий

1. A car exceeding its speed, the indicators show it on the dis­play. 2. Exceeding the speed limit the driver should be very atten­tive. 3. There are relatively few cargoes exceeding 400 tons.

Упражнение 23. А. Прочитайте текст без словаря.

Three Stonecutters

Three stonecutters (каменотес) were working hard. A man who was passing by watched them for a few minutes and then, turning to the first stonecutter, he asked: «What are you doing, my friend?» «I am working like a slave (раб). Look at my hands. Did you think I was playing?», he replied. The passer-by then looked at the second workman. «And what are you doing?», he asked. The stone-cutter answered quickly, «I am earning seven dollars and fifty cents a day. I hope to receive at least nine dollars a day in a very near future.» The visitor studied the face of the third stonecutter. Once more, he asked, «And what are you doing, my friend?» The stonecutter's face lighted up as he replied, «I am helping to erect a magnificent building. Look at the colour in this piece of marble. I was just thinking how beautiful it will be when it is thoroughly polished. This building will last for hundreds of years and its beauty will in­spire everyone who sees it.»

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В. Составьте предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста А.

1. The first stonecutter was the 1. he saw beauty and joy in his unhappiest of the three because work.

2. The second one was happier 2. he thought that all work was than the first stonecutter because hard and dull.

3. The third stonecutter was the 3. he thought that honest work happiest of the three because brings advancement.

Упражнение 24. Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их. drawn, grew, feeling, wake up, drank, cutting, sink.

Упражнение 25. Прочитайте и переведите текст без словаря.

Deep Trouble

An experimental undersea telephone cable in the Canary Is­lands had to be lifted from the ocean floor three times because of breakage. Each time sharks' (акула) teeth were found in the dam­aged cable. Though the cable contains optical fibres transmitting signals in the form of light, it carries a very small amount of electri­cal wires. It is known that electricity attracts sharks. Therefore, or­dinary electric power cables are usually provided with some kind of protection to stop their being attacked by sharks. However, it was not expected that it was necessary to mount this expensive protec­tion on the new cable. But provided the designers had used this conventional protection on the new cable, the sharks would not have approached it.

CONVERSATION

Exercise 1. Answer the questions.

l.What apparatuses are used for exploring the ocean depths at present? (non-military submersibles) 2. What countries are de­veloping such submersibles? (Russia, the USA, France and Japan) 3. What kind of submersible is being designed? (an advanced manned submersible) 4. What is the depth it is capable to submerge to? (21,000 feet) 5. What motor is used in it? (a battery-operated electric motor) 6. What devices are provided for collecting samples from the ocean floor? (robotic manipulators) 7. What is the practi­cal application of the submersible? (cultivating sea plants, fish and pearls)

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Exercise 2. Make a sentence out of the two parts.

1. an underwater helicopter.

2. to the depth of 3,300 feet.

3. this apparatus will move like a sports car.

4. its sensory manipulator with miniature video cameras and mi­crophones.

5. accurate scientific explorations.

6. due to the use of rotor instead of conventional propeller.

7. mounted on a metal platform.

1. A new one-passenger submer­sible is designed for performing

2. This submersible is a spherical transparent plastic apparatus

3. It looks like

4. It can move in water environ­ment

5. While exploring the ocean floor

1. The apparatus is capable to descend

2. A special feature of this man­ned submersible is

Exercise 3. Read and learn.

Hiking in the Mountains

Mike: My steps become lighter because I hear the music of running water. Let's stand and look at the stream.

Jane: Why only look? I'm thirsty (хочу пить) and nothing tastes so good as cool mountain water.

M.: But passing the same water through the pores of the skin does the body fifteen times as much good as it does when you drink it. Put your hands and arms into the deepest place and keep them for a while and you'll feel so wonderful.

J.: I can't stop drinking. Look at the clear, smooth surface of the stream. Water is beautiful.

M.: And perhaps, the most beautiful thing about it is its use. It helps all living things in one way or another.

J.: I know that my own body is eighty-five per cent water.

M.: Yes, and this water keeps you going in spite of the weather.

J.: How does it do this?

M.: By circulation it keeps your body at the same temperature all the time.

J.: I've read that water has the most interesting properties of all liquids. It is the slowest to cool and the slowest to heat.

M.: In winter the water in your body keeps you warm by circulat­ing evenly to all parts. In the heat of summer it passes off through the million of pores of your skin. This keeps you cool and takes away toxic material at the same time.

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J.: I think the great supply of water in the body is one of the na­ture's great provisions.

M.: Sure, especially taking into consideration (принимать во внимание) that the human being can live only within the nar­row range (диапазон) in body temperature of a very few de­grees Fahrenheit. Have you had enough water?

J.: Yes, I have. Usually I drink at least six glassfuls of water daily.

Exercise 4. Speak about:

1. An advanced manned submersible.

2. Practical applications of manned submersibles.

Use exercises 1, 2 and the following words and word combinations for your topic: to realize a dream, underwater exploration, to penetrate, a submersible vehi­cle, to descend to a depth up to, to perform tasks, collecting samples of minerals and marine life, to work for nine hours, to join efforts.

Exercise 5. Comment on the following statement.

Scientists cannot afford (позволить себе) to be interested in things not connected with their subject.

One point of view: There is no alternative to narrow (узкий) specialization, ev­erybody has a limited amount of time, it is unrealistic to expect a scientist to be in­terested in other fields than his own, a person who is interested in many things is sure to become a dilettante.

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