ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК В ТЕХНИЧЕСКОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ (956018), страница 31
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vides informatioii for front and back pairs of tires. 4. Provided new composite materials are used, it will be possible to reduce overall aircraft weight. 5^ Provided with a new vacuum-controlled carburetor this car model has several important advantages. 6. Superliners could develop a higher speed provided some special cooling measures were used. 7. An aircraft pilot can get all the information he needs provided he contacts a radio navigation station. 8. The work done provided us with new data. 9. Having measured the distance between two points, it is possible to calculate the time during which a car can cover it provided we know the car's average speed. 10. Our laboratory has been provided with the latest equipment.
Упражнение 4. А. Дайте степени сравнения для прилагательных.
great, easy, good, far, many, difficult, possible.
B. Поставьте much перед прилагательным в сравнительной степени (го
раздо, намного), переведите.
late, simple, important, valuable, quick, reliable, useful, complex.
C. Переведите словосочетания.
гораздо (намного) раньше, гораздо (намного) длиннее, намного (гораздо) труднее, намного эффективнее, намного легче.
Упражнение 5. А. Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний.
as old as seagoing, a round container, the Swiss National Fair, as primitive as marine life, so-called, to take people deep into the lake, underwater tasks, around the ocean floor, wrist of the manipulator, to lift 120 pounds, marine life, the world's deepest vehicle, underwater helicopter.
швейцарская национальная ярмарка; подводные работы; опускать людей на большую глубину озера; по морскому дну; подводный вертолет; запястье манипулятора; морской животный и растительный мир; самый глубоководный в мире аппарат; такая же примитивная, как и морская среда (жизнь); так же стары, как мореплавание; так называемый; круглый контейнер; поднимать 120 фунтов.
В. Переведите словосочетания.
round glass container, marine life people watch around them, centuries before, to take people deeper than before, difficult underwater tasks, mounted on a metal platform, it looks like an underwa-
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ter helicopter, move like a sport car, video cameras provide vision, to lift up to 120 pounds, work for up to nine hours.
СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ
Упражнение 6. Переведите следующие производные слова согласно образцу:
прилагательное + th = существительное, deep — глубокий -» depth — глубина length, width, strength;
прилагательное + en = глагол light — легкий -» to lighten — облегчить deepen, brighten, lessen;
префиксы sub- (суб-у под-, до-), under- (под-, ниже, недо-) submerge — погружать(ся) -» submersible — подводный,
погружаемый estimate — оценивать -» underestimate — недооценивать subsystem, subsonic, subcommittee, subdivision, subsurface, submarine, undersea, underground, undercooling, underproduction, underdeveloped;
префикс поп- (не-) non-conductor — непроводник; non-military — невоенный non-effective, non-essential, non-standard, non-metal, non-stop.
Упражнение 7. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.
ocean ['eujen], container, apparatus [,aepe'reites], machine [me'Ji:n], spherical ['sfenkel], plastic, metal platform, helicopter ['helikopte], manoeuvre [me'nu:ve], sport, mechanical [mi'kaenikel], manipulator [me'nipjuleite], system, miniature ['minjetj'e], microphone ['maikrefeun], to lift, minerals, battery, stereo ['stierieu], construct, cultivate, videocamera, titanium [tai'teinjem].
Упражнение 8. Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.
descend [di'send], legend ['ledjend], submerge [seb'meids], submersible [seb'me:sibl], da Vinci [Vintfi], national ['пае Jen I], Geneva [d3i'ni:ve], Japanese [,c|3aepe'ni:z], technician [tek'nijen], extreme [iks'tri:m], precision [pn'si3en], essentially [i/senjeli],
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cycloid ['saikloid], particular [pa'tikjula], wrist [rist], provide [pra'vaid], sample ['sa:mpl], image ['iimcfe], scale [skeil], join [cfeoin], politician! [,poli'tiJan].
СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ
accurate a — точный almost adv — почти advanced p.p. — новейший, передовой
collect v — собирать construct v — строить, сооружать crew n — экипаж depth n — глубина descend v — спускаться, опускаться
due to prp — благодаря, из-за explore v — исследовать find out v — выяснить, узнать image n — изображение instead of adv — вместо join v — соединять, объединять lift v — поднимать(ся) mankind n — человечество operate v — работать, действовать
particular a — данный, особенный, отдельный penetrate v — проникать precision n — точность promise v — обещать provided cj — при условии что; в том случае, если realize v — осуществлять, реализовывать resist v — сопротивляться, выдерживать sample n — образец submerge v — погружаться, опускаться вглубь test v — проверять, подвергать испытанию transparent a — прозрачный
try v — пытаться, пробовать
battery-operated p.p. — работающий на батареях
Text 9A
Прочитайте и переведите текст. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
В каких странах ведутся работы по созданию погружаемых аппаратов?
Каковы особенности погружаемых аппаратов нового типа?
Descending to New Ocean Depths
We know little about the ocean yet. The dream of exploring under the waves is almost as old as seagoing. Legend says that Alexander the Great submerged himself in a round glass container, and Leonardo da Vinci designed a submersible vehicle in his notebooks centuries before Jules Verne wrote «Twenty Thousand Leagues Un-
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der the Sea». If their dreams had been realized ai|d such a craft had been constructed, mankind would have known about the secrets of Ocean much earlier. However, already during tjhe Swiss National Fair in 1964 a submersible vehicle took thousands of people deep
into Lake Geneva.
i
Not long ago, the crafts that penetrated the' ocean depths were almost as primitive as the marine life they watched around them. However, non-military deep sea ships, so-cklled submersibles, were progressing rapidly. Russian, French, Japanese and American scientists are developing crafts that can submerge deeper, stay longer and find out more than earlier apparatuses.
Soon, one of the most advanced crafts, a one passenger submerging ship, will be tested. It may be able to take explorers and technicians deeper than ever before (up to 3,300 feet) and perform difficult underwater tasks with extreme precision.
This new submersible is essentially a spherical transparent plastic hull1 mounted on a metal platform. It looks like an underwater helicopter and can manoeuvre itself in its water environment with some of the versatility2 of a helicopter due to the use of a cycloid rotor3 instead of conventional marine-propeller screws4. It is expected that this apparatus will move around the ocean like a sports car.
However, the breakthrough5 that will make this particular craft quite different from other manned submersibles is a mechanical hand called the sensory manipulator system6. Miniature video cameras on the «wrist» of the manipulator provide it with vision and microphones enable the submersible to «hear». This manipulator system is designed to lift up to 120 pounds and will also be able to perform such accurate scientific work as collecting samples of ocean-floor minerals and marine life. When demonstrated, it lifted crystal glasses, drew pictures and wrote with a pen.
Some scientists are trying to develop the world's deepest manned submersible. When completed, it will be capable of submerging to the depths of 21,000 feet. Its crew will be in a pressure-resistant titanium-alloy cabin. This craft will be driven by a battery-operated electric motor and will work for up to nine hours. It will record images with colour television and stereo cameras and will collect samples by manipulating two robotic arms.
If such crafts are constructed on a large scale, we shall be able not only to spend our holidays enjoying the underwater life, but also grow and cultivate sea plants, fish and pearls. It will be possible provided scientists, designers and politicians from all over the world join their efforts and solve the most important problems in this field.
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Notes to the Text
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transparent plastic hull — прозрачный пластмассовый корпус
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versatility — свобода передвижения
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cycloid rotor — несущий винт циклоидного типа
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marine-propeller screw — судовой гребной винт
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breakthrough — радикальное решение
-
sensory manipulator system — сенсорная система манипулятора
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Упражнение 9. Просмотрите текст 9А и ответьте на вопросы.
1. What is the text about? 2. What is a submersible? 3. Who was the first to think of a submersible vehicle? 4.What writer wrote about a submersible? 5. What special systems will be used on a new submersible? 6. What are the characteristics of the manipulator system? 7. What kind of submersible is being designed at present? 8. What do you think of the future of such vehicles? 9. What is the name of the famous French scientist, an explorer of the ocean? 10. Have you seen his film? Have you read his books?
Упражнение 10. Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют содержанию текста 9А. Исправьте неправильные.
1. We know very little about the ocean yet. 2. The dream of exploring the underwater life is very old. 3. It was Jules Verne who was the first to write about a submersible vehicle. 4. Only Japanese scientists are developing deep water submersible crafts. 5. A new submersible craft looks and moves like an underwater helicopter. 6. A new submersible is provided with a manipulator that is designed to lift 120 tons. 7. When demonstrated, it lifted crystal glass and drew pictures. 8. When completed, the world's deepest manned submersible will be capable of submerging to the depth of 21,000 feet. 9. This craft will be driven by a battery-operated electric motor.
Упражнение 11. Найдите в тексте 9А условные придаточные предложения; сделайте, где возможно, их бессоюзными.
Упражнение 12. Найдите условные придаточные предложения, выражающие нереальные действия. Переведите.
1. If a scientific research is closely linked with practice, the results are always good. 2. If you looked at the equipment of 1946,
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you would notice the difference with that available at present. 3. If there is a pressure change in the tires, a transmitter signals to adjust the pressure. 4. If we were to make a journey in a plane to the nearest star, we should have to travel for several thousand centuries. 5. Were traffic controlled by computers, cars could travel with safety and speed. 6. Had submersibles been developed since the time of Alexander the Great, mankind would have used natural resources from the ocean floor and cultivated plants and fish there. 7. Had all submersibles had autonomous principle of operation, they would have become much more useful. 8. If fire-arms had not been invented, the secret of Damascus steel would not have been lost. 9. If we could make a non-stop flight around the sun in an airplane at a speed about 300 km per hour, it would require 565 days to encircle it at the equator. 10. If the satellite speed is less than necessary, it will go down from the orbit and enter the atmosphere.
Упражнение 13. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения слов provide, if (whether).
1. Specialists reported that a miniature video camera provided the latest submersible with vision. 2. The speed of a satellite would be less provided it moved at a greater distance from the Earth. 3. Drivers don't know yet whether radars will be mounted on the next car models. 4. If the weather is too bad for flying, passenger airplanes don't leave airports. 5. It was very important to find out if electricity could be used for long distance communication. 6. During the entire flight, the pilot is provided with all the necessary information about weather conditions. 7. Modern submersibles can remain at the depth of 20,000 feet for eight hours or, if needed, as long as two or three days. 8. A new system for motor cars can be provided with infrared sensors that can detect a human figure at night. 9. If underwater tourism continued to develop at the present rate, the number of passengers could grow up to millions in only a few years.