ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК В ТЕХНИЧЕСКОМ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ (956018), страница 30

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Among (he inhabitants of New York one can meet people of al­most all nations. The population of New York numbers about 16 million. Thu citizens speak seventy-five different languages.

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте текст, найдите герундий и причастие насто­ящего времени, переведите.

In most capital cities built long before the time of the private car there is, rarely enough space for moving traffic, and certainly not enough for parking vehicles. Buses move slowly because of the great volume of traffic, thus encouraging more people to give up (отказаться) using public transport. Banning traffic from some ar­eas may heUp, but such a solution may not actually make less the number of «;ars coming into the city. The new city cannot survive (выжить) without building a series of ring roads. During the work­ing hours o.fthe day, there is the constant noise of traffic, but at night the center is almost empty.

The mo&t environmentally-friendly way of solving traffic prob­lems is to nise more widely public transportation. Buses require fewer parkimg lots, make less noise and use less road space per pas­senger than private cars. They consume less fuel, causing less air pollution.

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Some environmentalists dream of turning parking lots into parks and replacing cars with bicycles. In some countries there are extensive networks of bicycle paths, which make cycling a safe and enjoyable form of transportation.

Упражнение 2. А. Прочитайте словосочетания и выберите для выделен­ных слов соответствующие тексту 8А значения.

1. with the cabin accommodating

a. grant

b. have, provide a room or place for
с change

2. the skin is heated

a. outer covering of human body

b. outer covering of a fruit
с outer layer or surface

3. lightening the aircraft

a. make light or bright

b. reduce the weight of
с make visible

4. the fuel flowing through

a. move along or over

b. come from

с be the result of

5. fibre-glass blades

a. cutting part of a knife

b. a part of a tool for playing baseball
с flat wide part of a propeller

В. Найдите в тексте 8А слово с тем же значением, что Kfiiel (см. 4-й абзац).

Упражнение 3. А. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь понять значения вы­деленных слов.

Virtual Laboratory Expands NASA Research

NASA has successfully concluded tests on a computer-generated virtual laboratory that will allow researchers, located anywhere in the world, to study potentially dangerous aircraft and spacecraft situations without risking human life.

The lab can enable research organizations to collaborate long­distance without having to be physically present at the world's larg­est flight simulator at Ames Research Center, California. It could also be used by universities, research laboratories and industry to develop a wide variety of products beyond the aerospace field. Fu-

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ture uses of the laboratory being considered include designing new spacecrafts and training astronauts.

The simulator is able to move airplane and spaceship cockpits in all directions, including 60 feet vertically and 40 feet horizon­tally. There are five interchangeable cockpits that are used to simu­late the Space Shuttle, helicopters, airplanes and other aerospace vehicles.

The simulator creates a convincing environment for a pilot and is controlled by computers programmed to represent each aircraft proposed.

Computers calculate correct aircraft response when a pilot changes simulator cockpit controls. In real time, responses by the simulator include cockpit motion, images in the windshield, sounds and control readouts. Simulations are monitored from the control lab at ARC. The virtual laboratory and the «world» it cre­ates exist partly in computer memory and other physical gear.

Recently, astronauts made simulated Space Shuttle landings using a huge motion simulator at ARC while NASA engineers in Houston monitored the sessions using the three-dimensional «world» that includes video screens, computer video, two-way video conferencing, remote data access and a pilot's out-the-window scene.

B, Выберите для выделенных в тексте А слов правильные значения.

a. reaction d. work in partnership

b. view e. compartment for the pilot
с make larger f. apparatus, mechanism

C, Замените в предложении выделенный глагол другим глаголом с тем
же значением.

1. A new system enables researchers to carry out complicated tests.

2. Engineers have completed their research in the aerospace field.

3. A huge simulator provides the condition of real operations in flight.

1. Virtual lab helps us learn how to better use cockpit controls.

2. A pilot can move aeroplane in all directions.

D, Заполните пропуски, образуя составные слова, общеизвестные слово­
сочетания и термины. Запомните их.

space ... aerospace

remote long .

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... shuttle ... screen

air ... conference

... memory human ...

out-the-window ... ... access

... world wind ...

research ... time

E. Заполните таблицу на словообразование.

F. Образуйте от выделенных слов существительное, прилагательное или наречие и заполните пропуски.

physics

1. It is ... impossible to be in two places at once.

2. ... is an expert dealing with matter and energy.

3. Mechanical laws and Newtonian ... are very important for creating virtual systems.

4. The equivalent of clip art for virtual reality designers might be ... systems.

possibility

1. What will make the virtual reality design system of tomorrow ...?

2. Is there any ... of your taking part in virtual reality confer­ence this year?

3. If we throw an object, it flies across the room, ... hitting an­other object and causing a complex chain of events as objects crash into each other.

success

1. Virtual reality can have great ... in many ways, especially in experimenting.

2. Recent... tests of the world's largest simulator enable scien­tists to do research in education, management and industry.

10. Astronauts have ... simulated Space Shuttle landings.

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potential

1. Virtual lab helps researchers simulate ... complicated flight situations.

2. Our country has great ... raw resources.

3. It has not realized its full ... yet.

Упражнение 4. Составьте возможные словосочетания глаголов из колон­ки А и существительных из колонки В.

А В

Упражнение 5. А. Назовите 15-20 ключевых слов и словосочетаний на тему: «Aircraft of today, its safety, reliability, speed and comfort».

B. Speak about:

Virtual reality and its application in aerospace field.

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_{LESSON 9}

Условные придаточные предложения Значения слова provide Суффиксы -th, -en Префиксы sub-, under-, non-Text 9A. Descending to New Ocean Depths Text 9B.

Text 9C. Lifeboats Text 9D. Greenwich

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 1. А. Определите тип условного придаточного предложения, переведите.

1. If we look around, we can see that electricity is serving us in one way or another. 2. If I were free, I should help you with plea­sure. 3. If we had tested this material, we should have used it in our work. 4. If ordinary gases are greatly compressed, they become liquids. 5. If supercomputers had not been used for thermodynamic calculations, designers would have spent all their lives on computa­tions. 6. If you think that a computer never makes mistakes, you are wrong. 7. If extreme temperatures generated by atmospheric friction were not so high, a hypersonic craft would not require complicated cooling measures. 8. If we had been told about the lec­ture on reliability in spacecraft production, we should have come by all means. 9. Superconductivity can be obtained in some materi­als if the temperature is very low and close to absolute zero.

В. Поставьте глагол в скобках в соответствующую форму.

1. It you (to know) English well, you will be able to read books in the original. 2. If I get this book, I (to be) very happy. 3. You (to become) much stronger if you did your morning exercises regu-

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larly. 4. If she went to work in France, she (to learn) French very quickly. 5. If he (to see) her, he would have spoken to her. 6. I (to help) them if I had been at home. 7. You (to write) the testwork well if you have learnt grammar. 8. If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should have told her about it. 9. If we had not been present at the lecture, we (not to understand) the new approach to the solution of the problem.

С. Закончите предложения.

1. I would work much better if... . 2. Life would be much sim­pler if... . 3. Use every opportunity to practice English if.... 4. I would have started to study English earlier, if... . 5. I would have had more opportunities, if... .

Упражнение 2. А. Измените предложения согласно образцам:

If I were free, I should help you. Were I free, I should help you. If he had known about the lecture, he would have come. Had he known about the lecture, he would have come.

1. If it were possible, we should begin this work at once. 2. If he had had all the necessary books, he would have made his report in time. 3. If the books had been available in our library, we could have done this work much earlier. 4. If there were no computers, space flights would be impossible. 5. If drivers were more attentive while driving, there would be less accidents on the road.

В. Переведите бессоюзные условные придаточные предложения.

1. Had he used new materials, the device would have been more reliable. 2. Were electric motors used, cars would not pollute the air, would be practically noiseless and very easy to control. 3. Had they applied the new method, the result would have been much better. 4. Were the design of cars improved, the fuel consumption would be greatly reduced. 5. Had a less explosive gas been used in dirigibles at the beginning of the century, they would have been in operation since that time. 6. Were it possible to learn how birds find their way, people would use the principle to develop a naviga­tion system for aviation.

Упражнение З. Переведите предложения и запомните значения глагола to provide и союза provided.

1. The experiments conducted provided very good results. 2. Rus­sian technological achievements that provided the launching of rockets are known all over the world. 3. A tire pressure display pro-

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